RESEARCH
Calculation
of Spray
in a Moving
NOTES
Droplet Trajectory
Airstream
J. A. MARCHANT*:
1.
Introduction
Theory
Institute
3 May
of Agricultural
1976;
accepted
Engineering,
in revised
form
and forces
actitrg on droplet.
Silsoe
7 July
1976
93
Right,
velocity diagram
94
SPRAY
DROPLET
TRAJECTORY
LIST OF SYMBOLS
to the positive
displacement in x-direction
displacement in y-direction
n
inclincation of V, to positive x-direction
inclination of V,,, to positive x-direction
/yl inclination of V to positive x-direction
kinematic viscosity of air
p
density of air
Subscripts
0
initial value
x,y component in x or y direction
to the droplet
[(V, cos a-
x-direction
cos y =
determines
VJ2+(
V, sin a-
Its magnitude,
. ..(I)
by
V, cos a-
V,
I K,I
V, sin a-V,
sin y =
IKPI
. ..(3)
where
v, = vcose,
. ..(4)
V, = V sin 0.
. ..(5)
is a function
Fd = =$C,pAV2,,
where A is the area presented
. ..(6)
or
A = anD2.
The drag coefficient
tables,* where
Applying
Newtons
is given as a function
Second
Law of Motion
of the Reynolds
. ..(7)
number
in standard
Fd cos y = ma,,
Fd sin y-mg
The velocities
aerodynamic
. ..(9)
= ma,.
can be obtained
. ..(lO)
by integrating
Eqns
95
.I.A. MARCHANT
I, = I, cos 0, f
so
a,dt,
. ..(Il)
a,,dt
. ..(12)
0
f
V, sin B,,+
V, =
can be obtained
by a further
integration,
f
X=
. ..(13)
VA,
0
i f
J=
V,dt.
..(14)
No initial conditions
from the origin.
need be included
3. Examples
The following examples have been calculated using a computer program written in FORTRAN
for an I.C.L. 4-70 computer.
The integrations
were carried out using the Runge-Kutta
algorithm3
which integrates in a step-by-step fashion.
The time step for such a numerical integration
procedure must be chosen within the framework
of two conflicting
requirements.
It must be
small enough
to preserve
accuracy
and to prevent
numerical
instability
occurring
yet
not too small so as to give unacceptably
large solution times. Although rules are available3 giving
20 -
-~
--
F
E -2oE
E -4O-
L?
%
;5
\
14
-80
-100
-,;o
??
+q
-100
0
20
-80
-60
-40
-20
20
Fig. 2.
Droplet
trajectories.
Numbers
Dlsplocement
411
60
80
100
(mm)
to
apply in
(0.002 s)
solution
step size
SPRAY
96
Table 1 summarizes
the initial
trajectories of the droplets.
conditions,
droplet
DROPLET
TRAJLCTORY
TABLE I
Example
no.
1
2
3
4
5
D, w
200
300
300
300
500
K, mls
(1,degrees
10
10
I.5
15
0
-~90
-90
180
180
0
V, m/s
2.5
5
7.5
7.5
I
O,,degrees
0
0
45
-135
60
REFERENCES
Berry, E. X. Equations for calculating the terminal velocities of water drops. J. appl. Meteorol., 1974
13 (2) 108
* Streeter, V. L. Fluid Mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962
3 Hamming, R. W. Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers. New York : McGraw-Hill, 1962