Analgesia Loss of consciousness Drowsy, dizzy Close suites door, keep room quiet
Induction stage stand by to assist
Excitement/ delirium, Relaxation May be excited with irregular breathing and movements Secure patient properly, remain at
Loss of consciousness of the extremities the side of the patient quietly but
Susceptible to external stimuli ready to assist anesthesiologist as
(e.g. noise, touch) needed
Regular respiration
Contracted pupils Position patient and prep skin only
Surgical Anesthesia Loss of reflexes;
Reflexes disappear when anesthesiologist indicates this
Relaxation Depression of vital function
Muscle relax stage in reached
Auditory sensation loss
Danger Stage
Respiratory failure; possible Not breathing Prepare for cardiopulmonary
Vital functions too
cardiac arrest Little or no pulse or heartbeat resuscitation
depressed
`
3) ATROPINE Classification: Other Action: An anti- Indications • These side effects Nursing
SULFATE Cardiovascular Drugs, cholinergic that inhibits Systemic administration may occur: Measures:
Muscle Relaxants, acetylcholine at the • Antisialagogue for Dizziness,
preanesthetic • Ensure
Mydriatic Drugs, parasympathetic medication to prevent confusion (use
Antidotes, Detoxifying neuroeffector junction, or reduce respiratory caution driving or adequate
Brand Names: Anespin Agents & Drugs Used in enhances the tract secretions performing hydration;
amp Atropol amp Substance Dependence conduction of AV node • Treatment of hazardous tasks); provide
Euro-Med Atropine parkinsonism; relieves environment
and increases heart rate constipation
Sulfate amp Isopto tremor and rigidity
Drug classes (ensure adequate al control
• Restoration of cardiac
Atropine eye drops Phil Anticholinergic Therapeutic actions fluid intake, (temperature
rate and arterial
Pharmawealth/Atlantic Antimuscarinic Competitively blocks the effects ) to prevent
pressure during proper diet); dry
Parasympatholytic of acetylcholine at muscarinic
Atropine amp anesthesia when vagal mouth (suck hyperpyrexia
Antiparkinsonian cholinergic receptors that stimulation produced .
Antidote mediate the effects of sugarless
by intra-abdominal
Diagnostic agent (ophthalmic parasympathetic postganglionic lozenges; perform
traction causes a
preparations) impulses, depressing salivary decrease in pulse rate, frequent mouth • Have patient
Belladonna alkaloid and bronchial secretions, dilating void before
lessening the degree of care; may be
the bronchi, inhibiting vagal AV block when taking
influences on the heart, relaxing transient); blurred
increased vagal tone is medication if
the GI and GU tracts, inhibiting a factor (eg, some vision, sensitivity
gastric acid secretion (high to light urinary
cases due to digitalis)
doses), relaxing the pupil of the • Relief of bradycardia (reversible; avoid retention is a
eye (mydriatic effect), and and syncope due to problem.
preventing accommodation for tasks that require
hyperactive carotid acute vision; wear
near vision (cycloplegic effect); sinus reflex • When used
also blocks the effects of sunglasses in
acetylcholine in the CNS.
• Relief of pylorospasm, preoperativel
hypertonicity of the bright light);
y or in other
small intestine, and impotence
acute
hypermotility of the (reversible);
colon situations,
• Relaxation of the difficulty in incorporate
spasm of biliary and urination (empty teaching
ureteral colic and
the bladder prior about the
bronchospasm
• Relaxation of the tone to taking drug). drug with
of the detrusor muscle teaching
of the urinary bladder • Report rash; about the
in the treatment of flushing; eye pain; procedure;
urinary tract disorders difficulty the
• Control of crying and
breathing; ophthalmic
laughing episodes in
patients with brain tremors, loss of solution is
lesions coordination; used mainly
irregular acutely and
heartbeat, will not be
palpitations; self-
headache; administered
abdominal by the
distention; patient; the
hallucinations; following
severe or apply to oral
persistent dry medication
mouth; difficulty for
swallowing; outpatients:
difficulty in
urination; • Take as
constipation; prescribed,
sensitivity to light. 30 min
before
Adverse Reactions: meals; avoid
Dry mouth, dysphagia, excessive
constipation, flushing dosage.
and dryness of skin,
tachycardia, Avoid hot
palpitations, environments; you
arrhythmias, mydriasis, will be heat
photophobia, intolerant, and
cycloplegia, raised dangerous reactions
intraocular pressure. may occur
Toxic doses cause
tachycardia,
hyperpyrexia,
restlessness, confusion,
excitement,
hallucinations, delirium
and may progress to
circulatory failure and
respiratory depression.
Eye drops: Systemic
toxicity especially in
children, on prolonged
use may lead to
irritation, hyperemia,
edema and
conjunctivitis. Increased
intraocular pressure.
Inhalation: Dryness of
mouth, throat.
Potentially Fatal: Atrial
arrhythmias, AV
dissociation, multiple
ventricular ectopics.
Metoclopromide GI motility disturbances Dopamine Antagonist that acts GI hemorrhage epilepsy, >Inject slowly IV every 1-2
by increasing sensitivity to obstruction or perforation minute to prevent transient
acetylcholine; results in feelings of anxiety &
increased motility of the upper restlessness
Nausea & vomiting of central & GI tract and relaxation of the
peripheral origin associated with pyloric sphincter & duodenal
Brand Name: infectious diseases & drug bulb.
induced. >N&V, anorexia, constipation
abdominal distention before 7
after administration.
Placil
Anti emetic
>Frequent monitor BP of pt’s
taking IV form of drug
Adverse Effect:
Dosage:
19) METOCLOPRAMIDE
Brand name: Apo-Metoclop (CAN), Maxeran (CAN), Maxolon, Nu-Metoclopramide (CAN), Octamide PFS, Reglan
Classification: antiemetic & anti-spasmodic
Dosage: 10 mg/ 2mL
Indication: disturbances of GI motility, nausea & vomiting of central & peripheral origin associated w/ surgery, metabolic diseases,
infectious & drug induced diseases, facilitate small bowel intubation & radiological procedures of GIT
Action: stimulates motility of upper GI tract, increases lower esophageal sphincter tone, and blocks dopamine receptors at the
chemoreceptor trigger zone
Adverse Reactions: extrapyramidal reactions, drowsiness, fatigue & lassitude, anxiety, less frequently, insomnia, headache, dizziness,
nausea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, bowel disturbances.
Nursing Measures:
• Monitor BP carefully during IV administration.
• Monitor for extrapyramidal reactions, and consult physician if they occur.
• Monitor diabetic patients, arrange for alteration in insulin dose or timing if diabetic control is compromised by alterations in timing of food
absorption.
• Keep diphenhydramine injection readily available in case extrapyramidal reactions occur (50 mg IM).
• Have phentolamine readily available in case of hypertensive crisis (most likely to occur with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma).
CODEINE
USES: Symptomatic relief of mild to moderately severe pain when control cannot be obtained by nonnarcotic analgesics and to
suppress hyperactive or nonproductive cough.
Why is your patient getting this medication For IV meds, compatibility with IV drips and/or solutions