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  • King Zhou of Shang - Last Ruler of Ancient China's Shang Dynasty

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    Kenneth Lee
    248 tayangan4 halaman
    King Zhou, also known as Di Xin, was the last king of China's Shang dynasty. In his early reign, he expanded Shang territory through military campaigns. However, later he neglected affairs of state and gave into excessive drinking, sex, and cruelty under the influence of his wife Daji. As taxes rose and corruption grew, the people lost faith in Shang rule. In 1046 BC, the Zhou dynasty led by Jiang Ziya defeated Shang forces and overthrew King Zhou, ending Shang rule. King Zhou committed suicide by setting fire to his palace as the enemy advanced. He became a byword for a corrupt and immoral ruler in Chinese history and legends.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    Zhou Dynasty. China. Imperial. King.

    Judul Asli

    Zhou Wen Wang

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    King Zhou, also known as Di Xin, was the last king of China's Shang dynasty. In his early reign, he expanded Shang territory through military campaigns. However, later he neglected affairs of state and gave into excessive drinking, sex, and cruelty under the influence of his wife Daji. As taxes rose and corruption grew, the people lost faith in Shang rule. In 1046 BC, the Zhou dynasty led by Jiang Ziya defeated Shang forces and overthrew King Zhou, ending Shang rule. King Zhou committed suicide by setting fire to his palace as the enemy advanced. He became a byword for a corrupt and immoral ruler in Chinese history and legends.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    248 tayangan4 halaman

    King Zhou of Shang - Last Ruler of Ancient China's Shang Dynasty

    Diunggah oleh

    Kenneth Lee
    King Zhou, also known as Di Xin, was the last king of China's Shang dynasty. In his early reign, he expanded Shang territory through military campaigns. However, later he neglected affairs of state and gave into excessive drinking, sex, and cruelty under the influence of his wife Daji. As taxes rose and corruption grew, the people lost faith in Shang rule. In 1046 BC, the Zhou dynasty led by Jiang Ziya defeated Shang forces and overthrew King Zhou, ending Shang rule. King Zhou committed suicide by setting fire to his palace as the enemy advanced. He became a byword for a corrupt and immoral ruler in Chinese history and legends.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 4

    12/7/2014

    KingZhouofShangWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    KingZhouofShang
    FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

    KingZhou(Chinese:pinyin:ZhuWng)wasthe
    pejorativeposthumousnamegiventoDiXin(Chinese:
    pinyin:DXn),thelastkingoftheShangdynasty
    ofancientChina.[1]HeisalsocalledZhouXin(
    ZhuXn).Hemayalsobereferredtobyadding"Shang"
    (Shng)infrontofanyofhisnames.InChinese,
    alsoreferstoahorsecrupper,[2]thepartofasaddleor
    harnessthatismostlikelytobesoiledbythehorse.

    Contents

    KingZhou

    Left:WenZhongandBiGanright:ZhouandDaji
    KingofShangdynasty

    1Earlyreign
    2Latereign

    Reign

    10751046BC(29years)

    3Fall

    Predecessor

    DiYi

    4Mentionsinliteratureandlegend

    Spouse

    ConsortDaji

    5AsGodofSodomy

    Issue

    WuGeng

    6Notes
    7References

    Earlyreign

    Fullname
    Familyname:Zi()
    Givenname:Shou()orShoude()
    Posthumousname
    DiXin()
    Father

    DiYi

    IntheRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,SimaQianwrote
    Born
    1105BC
    thatDiXin,intheearlypartofhisreign,hadabilities
    whichsurpassedthoseoftheordinaryman,andwas
    Died
    1046BC(aged59)
    quickwittedandquicktempered.Accordingtolegend,
    hewasintelligentenoughtowinallofhisarguments,
    andhewasstrongenoughtohuntwildbeastswithhisbarehands.[3]HewastheyoungerbrotherofWeiZi
    andWeiZhong[4]andfatherofWuGeng.HisfatherDiYihadtwobrothers,JiZiandBiGan.DiXin
    addedtotheterritoryofShangbybattlingthetribessurroundingit,includingtheDongyitotheeast.

    Latereign
    Inhislateryears,DiXingavehimselfovertodrinking,women,sexandabandonedmorals,preferringthese
    tothepropergovernanceofthecountry,andignoredalmostallaffairsofstate.AccordingtoSimaQian,he
    evenhostedfestiveorgieswheremanypeopleengagedinsexatthesametimewithhisconcubinesand
    createdsongswithcrude(erotic)lyricsandpoorrhythm.Inlegends,heisdepictedashavingcomeunder
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    theinfluenceofhiswickedwifeDaji,andcommittingallmannerofevilandcrueldeedswithher.In
    fictionalizations,includingthenovelFengshenYanyi,shewassaidtobepossessedbyamalevolentfox
    spirit.
    OneofthemostfamousformsofentertainmentZhouenjoyedwasthe"WinePoolandMeatForest"(
    ).Alargepool,bigenoughforseveralcanoes,wasconstructedonthePalacegrounds,withinner
    liningsofpolishedovalshapedstonesfromtheseashores.Thisallowedfortheentirepooltobefilledwith
    alcohol.Asmallislandwasconstructedinthemiddleofthepool,wheretreeswereplanted,whichhad
    branchesmadeofroastedmeatskewershangingoverthepool.ThisallowedZhouandhisfriendsand
    concubinestodriftoncanoesinthepool.Whentheythirsted,theyreacheddownintothepoolwiththeir
    handsanddrankthewine.Whentheyhungered,theyreachedupwiththeirhandstoeattheroastedmeat.
    ThiswasconsideredoneofthemostfamousexamplesofdecadenceandcorruptionofarulerinChinese
    history.
    InordertopleaseDaji,hecreatedthe"CannonBurningPunishment"().Onelargehollowbronze
    cylinderwasstuffedwithburningcharcoalandallowedtoburnuntilredhot,thenprisonersweremadeto
    literallyhugthecylinder,whichresultedinapainfulandunsightlydeath.
    ZhouandDajiwereknowntogethighlyarousedafterwatchingsuchtorture.Victimsrangedfromordinary
    peopleandprisonerstohighgovernmentofficials,suchasMeiBo.[5]
    InordertofundZhou'sheavydailyexpenses,extremelyheavytaxeswereimplemented.Thepeople
    sufferedgreatly,andlostallhopefortheShangdynasty.Zhou'sbrotherWeiZitriedtopersuadehimto
    change,butwasrebuked.HisuncleBiGansimilarlyremonstratedwithhim,butDiXinhadhisheart
    rippedoutsohecouldseewhattheheartofasagelookedlike.WhenhisotheruncleJiZiheardthis,he
    wenttoremonstratewiththekinglynephewand,feigningmadness,wasimprisoned.

    Fall
    WhenZhoudynasty'sarmy,ledbythefamousJiangZiya,defeatedtheShangdynastyattheBattleofMuye
    in1046BC,DiXingatheredallhistreasuresaroundhimselfinthePalace,andthensetfiretohispalace
    andcommittedsuicide.
    Thename"Zhou"actuallyappearedafterthedeathofKingZhou,aposthumousname(althoughperhaps
    usedfurtivelybyhiscontemporaries).Thisnamewasarepresentationofhisactions,bothdishonorableand
    coldhearted.KingZhouwouldgodowninhistoryasoneoftheworstexamplesofacorruptedkingin
    China.

    Mentionsinliteratureandlegend
    ZhouismentionedintheConfucianAnalects(19"")[6]andalsointheThreeCharacterClassic.[7]
    ZhouisalsooneofthemainsubjectsofFengshenYanyianditsvariousderivationsinpopularmedia.Thus,
    DiXin,alsoknownasZhou,hasservedasa(negative)exemplarofConfucianprinciples(presentedasthe
    wickedrulerwhojustifiesregimechangeaccordingtotheMandateofHeaven),aswellasbecomingan
    iconofpopularculture.Thismakesforabiographicallyinterestingfigure,butonechallengingaclear
    distinctionbetweenhistory,legend,andphilosophicalpointmaking.
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    InFengshenYanyi,ZhouvisitedtheGoddessNwa'stempleandoffendedtheGoddesswithhislustful
    commentstowardsherbeauty.Inresponse,NwadecidedthattheShangdynastyshouldendandsenther
    threesubordinatestobecomethreebeautifulwomen(includingDaji)tobewitchZhou.Undertheinfluence
    ofthesewomen,Zhoubecomesaruthlessking,losingthesupportofpeopleandtriggeringhisdownfall.

    AsGodofSodomy
    Accordingtofolklore,afterhisdeath,KingZhoubeggedthegodsandgoddessesformercy.Thegods
    decidetodeifyhim,butsincetherewasnothingsuitable,theycreatedapostspeciallyforhim:Godof
    Sodomy.[8]AtemplewasbuiltforhiminWeihui,Henan.[9]

    Notes
    1. ^Wu,220.
    2. ^U+7D02(http://www.unicode.org/cgibin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=7D02)
    3. ^Wu,220221,referencingSimaQian'sYinBenjichapter().
    4. ^LshiChunqiu()
    5. ^See,forexample,QuYuan,TianWen()."".
    6. ^http://ctext.org/analects/zizhang#n1593
    7. ^http://ctext.org/threecharacterclassic#n90610
    8. ^BrianGriffith(18October2013).AGalaxyofImmortalWomen:TheYinSideofChineseCivilization
    (http://books.google.com/books?id=JrNc4pjoQcC&pg=PA143).ExterminatingAngelPress.p.143.ISBN978
    1935259152.
    9. ^http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/chinesemythology.php?deity=ZHOUWANG

    References
    Wu,K.C.(1982).TheChineseHeritage.NewYork:CrownPublishers.ISBN051754475X.
    KingZhouofShang
    Shangdynasty
    Regnaltitles
    Precededby
    DiYi

    KingofChina
    1075BC1046
    BC

    Succeededby
    WuofZhou

    Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_Zhou_of_Shang&oldid=626963654"
    Categories: Shangdynastykings Chineseroyaltywhocommittedsuicide Suicidesbyselfimmolation
    1046BCdeaths FengshenYanyicharacters

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Zhou_of_Shang

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    Thispagewaslastmodifiedon25September2014at00:07.
    TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmay
    apply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisa
    registeredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

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