What are the three types of speed control?

The three types of speed control as,

Armature voltage control
Field flux control
Armature resistance control.
What are the advantages of armature voltage control?
The advantages of armature voltage control are,
High efficiency
Good transient response
Good speed regulation.
What are the methods involved in armature voltage control?
When the supply in A.C.
Ward-Leonard schemes
Transformer with taps and an uncontrolled rectifier bridge.
Static ward Leonard scheme or controlled rectifiers when the supply in D.C.
Chopper control.
Give some drawbacks and uses of Ward-Leonard drive
The drawbacks of Ward Leonard drives are.
High initial cost
Low efficiency
Need More the 2 drives

The Ward-Leonard drive is used in

Rolling mills,
Mine winders,
Paper mills,
Elevators,
Machine tools etc.
Give some advantages of Ward-Leonard drive.
The advantages of Ward-Leonard drive are,
Inherent regenerative braking capability
Power factor improvement.
What is the use of controlled rectifiers? What is called inversion?
controlled rectifiers:
Controlled rectifiers are used to get variable D.C. Voltage form an A.C. Source of fixed voltage.
Inversion:
Rectifier takes power from D.C. terminals and transfers it to A.C. mains is called inversion.

What is known as half-controlled rectifier and fully controlled rectifier?

The rectifiers provide control of D.C. voltage in either direction and therefore, allow motor
control in quadrants I and IV. They are known as fully-controlled rectifiers. The rectifiers allow

D.C. Voltage control only in one direction and motor control in quadrant I only. They are known
as half-controlled rectifiers.
What is called continuous and discontinuous conduction?
Continuous conduction:
A D.C. motor is fed from a phase controlled converter the current in the armature may flow in
discrete pulses in called continuous conduction.
Discontinuous conduction:
A D.C. motor is fed from a phase controlled converter the current in the armature may flow
continuously with an average value superimposed on by a ripple is called discontinuous
conduction.
What are the three intervals present in discontinuous conduction mode of
single phase half and fully controlled rectifier?
The three intervals present in half controlled rectifier are,
Duty interval
Free, wheeling interval
Zero current interval.
The two intervals present in fully controlled rectifier are
Duty interval
Zero current interval.
What are the limitations of series motor? Why series motor is not used in traction
applications now days?
The field of series cannot be easily controlled. If field control is not employed, the series motor
must be designed with its base speed equal to the highest desired speed of the drive. Further,
there are a number of problems with regenerative braking of a series motor. Because of the
limitations of series motors, separately excited motors are now preferred Even for traction
applications.

Give the expression for speed for a DC motor.

Speed N= (V-Ia Ra)/ or Eb/
Where..,
V = Terminal Voltage in volts
Ia= Armature current in Amps
Ra = Armature resistance in ohms
= flux per pole.
What are the advantages of dc drives?
Low cost
Reliability
Simple control
What are the ways of speed control in dc motors?
Two Methods are ..,
Field control
Armature control
Field control - by varying the flux per pole. -for above rated speed
Armature control - by varying the terminal voltage -for below rated speed
What is meant by armature resistance control?
A resistance is connected in series with armature. By varying the controller resistance R, the
potential drop across the armature is varied. Therefore, the motor speed also varied.
What is meant by flux control method?
The speed of the dc motor can be controlled by varying the field flux. This method of speed
control can be used for increasing the speed of the motor above its rated speed, because the
speed of the motor is inversely proportional to the field flux.
Give the Limitation of field control
Speed lower than the rated speed cannot be obtained
It can cope with constant kW drives only.
This control is not suitable to application needing speed reversal.
What are the 3 ways of field control in DC series motor?
Field diverter control
Armature diverter control
Motor diverter control
Field coil taps control
Series-parallel control
What is meant by Ward Leonard control system? What are the main applications of
Ward-Leonard system?
The speed of the DC motor is controlled by armature and field control method. The armature
control can be achieved by varying the field of the DC generator. The flux control method can
be achieved by varying the field of the controlled DC motor.
Applications of Ward-Leonard system:
It is used for colliery winders.
Electric excavators
In elevators

Main drives in steel mills and blooming and paper mills.

What are the merits and demerits of rheostatic control method?
Impossible to keep the speed constant on rapidly changing loads.
A large amount of power is wasted in the controller resistance.
Loss of power is directly proportional to the reduction in speed. Hence efficiency is
decreased.
Maximum power developed is diminished in the same ratio as speed.
It needs expensive arrangements for dissipation of heat produced in the controller
resistance.
It gives speed below normal, not above.
What are the advantages of field control method?
More economical, more efficient and convenient.
It can give speeds above normal speed.
Compare the values of speed and torque in case of motors when in parallel and in series.
The speed is one fourth the speed of the motor when in parallel.
The torque is four times that produced by the motor when in parallel.
What is chopper? Mention the different types of chopper?
Chopper:
It converts the fixed dc voltage in to variable dc voltage.
Different types of chopper:
First quadrant chopper
Second quadrant chopper
Third quadrant chopper
Four quadrant chopper

What are the different types of single phase dc drives?

(i) Single phase half controlled DC drives
(ii) Single phase full controlled DC drives
19. Name the solid state controllers used for the speed control of dc shunt motor and
series motor.
Phase controlled rectifier fed DC drives
Chopper fed dc drives
How is chopper used in speed control of dc motor?
DC chopper converts fixed DC voltage in to variable DC output voltage. The variable output
voltage can be obtained by varying the duty cycle of the chopper. This variable voltage is fed to
the motor. Due to this, DC motor speed can be changed.
Write the applications of DC chopper.
Electric traction
Steel mills
Paper mills
Machine tools
Define firing angle.

The firing angle is defined as the angle between zero crossing of the input voltage and the instant
the thyristor is fired. The firing angle is denoted as .