Verbos invariables
Es decir, verbos cuyos tiempos en pasado son iguales al infinitivo.
INFINITIVO (put)
PRETRITO (put)
PARTICIPIO PASADO (put)
put: poner
put: puse
put: puesto
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
bet
bet
bet
apostar
burst
burst
burst
reventar, estallar
cost
cost
cost
costar
cut
cut
cut
cortar
fit
fit
fit
caber
hit
hit
hit
golpear
bid
bid
bid
pujar, pedir
cast
cast
cast
fundir, arrojar
forecast
forecast forecast
prever, pronosticar
hurt
hurt
hurt
daar, doler
knit
knit
knit
tejer
let
let
let
dejar, permitir
put
put
put
poner
read
read
read
leer
shut
shut
shut
cerrar
spread
spread
spread
esparcir, extender
outbid
outbid
outbid
mejorar, pujar
overbid
overbid
overbid
quit
quit
quit
abandonar, dejar
set
set
set
situar, fijar
shed
shed
shed
shread
shread
shread
slit
slit
slit
desgarrar, rajar
split
split
split
sweat
sweat
sweat
sudar
underbid
underbid underbid
upset
upset
volcar, trastornar
upset
INFINITIVO (bring)
PRETRITO (brought)
PARTICIPIO PASADO (brought).
bring: traer
brought: traje
brought: trado.
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
bend
bent
bent
build
built
built
edificar
burn
burnt
burnt
quemar
creep
crept
crept
arrastrarse, gatear
deal
dealt
dealt
traficar
dream
dreamt
dreamt
soar
dwell
dwelt
dwelt
habitar, residir
lean
leant
leant
apoyarse
leap
leapt
leapt
saltar
learn
learnt
learnt
aprender
lend
lent
lent
prestar
lose
lost
lost
perder
mean
meant
meant
rend
rent
rent
rasgar
send
sent
sent
enviar
smell
smelt
smelt
oler
spell
spelt
spelt
deletrear
spend
spent
spent
gastar
spill
spilt
spilt
derramar, verter
unbend
unbent
unbent
aflojar, enderezar
Dentro de este mismo grupo pueden incluirse algunos verbos que aaden t para formar el pretrito
y el participio pasado, pero que, adems, modifican su vocal tnica (aquella en la que recae el
acento al pronunciarla). Entre estos verbos figuran los siguientes:
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
feel
felt
felt
palpar, sentir
keep
kept
kept
guardar, mantener
knell
knelt
knelt
arrodillarse
leave
left
left
dejar, partir
meet
met
met
encontrar
sleep
slept
slept
dormir
sweep
swept
swept
barrer
weep
wept
wept
llorar
Pueden incluirse en este grupo algunos verbos que como excepcin y adems de modificar su
vocal tnica, forman el pasado terminando en d en lugar de t, como los siguientes:
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
bleed
bled
bled
sangrar
feed
fed
fed
alimentar, pacer
flee
fled
fled
hur
hear
heard
heard
or
lead
led
led
conducir, guiar
breed
bred
bred
mislead
misled
misled
slide
slid
slid
resbalar, deslizarse
speed
sped
sped
acelerar
INFINITIVO (break)
PRETRITO (broke)
PARTICIPIO PASADO (broken)
break: romper
broke: romp
broken: roto
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
mow
mowed
mown
segar
saw
sawed
sawn
serruchar
sew
sewed
sewn
coser
show
showed
shown
mostrar, ensear
sow
sowed
sown
strew
strewed strewn
sembrar
esparcir
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
shake
shook
shaken
agitar, estremecerse
take
took
taken
tomar, coger
choose
chose
chosen
elegir
drive
drove
driven
conducir
ride
rode
ridden
cabalgar, montar
stride
strode
stridden
andar a zancadas
write
wrote
written
escribir
give
gave
given
dar
grow
grew
grown
crecer, cultivar
know
knew
known
saber, conocer
rise
rose
risen
blow
blew
blown
soplar
throw
threw
trown
tirar
see
saw
seen
ver
bite
bit
bitten
morder
hide
hid
hidden
esconder
draw
drew
drawn
forsake
forsook
forsaken
abandonar
overtake
overtook overtaken
partake
partook
participar
partaken
arise
arose
arisen
overdrive
overdrove overdriven
excitar, apresurarse
bestride
bestrode bestridden
montar a horcajadas.
override
overrode overriden
smite
smote
asolar, golpear
smitten
surgir
strive
strove
striven
esforzarse, disputar
thrive
throve
thriven
medrar, prosperar
fogive
forgave
forgiven
perdonar
misgive
misgave
misgiven
slay
slew
slain
matar, asesinar
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
prever
chide
chid
chidden
reir, regaar
overdraw
withdraw
withdrew withdrawn
retirar
Incluiremos en esta clasificacin aquellos verbos que modifican su vocal tnica en el pretrito y
aaden en al infinitivo para formar su participio pasado. Son estos:
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
eat
ate
eaten
comer
forbid
forbade
forbidden
prohibir
befall
befell
befallen
acaecer
Verbos que forman el pretrito cambiando la vocal tnica y aaden al mismo EN para formar el
participio pasado
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
break
broke
broken
romper
forget
forgot
forgotten
olvidar
freeze
froze
frozen
helar
speak
spoke
spoken
hablar
steal
stole
stolen
hurtar, robar
weave
wove
woven
tejer, trenzar
wake
woke
woken
despertar
fall
fell
fallen
caer
beat
beat
beatten
golpear
beget
begot
begotten
engendrar
bespeak
bespoke bespoken
browbeat
apalabrar, encomendar
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
lie
lay
lain
swear
swore
sworn
jurar
tear
tore
torn
despedazar, desgarrar
wear
wore
worn
shear
shore
shorn
esquilar
forswear
forswore forsworn
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
forbear
forbore
forborne
abstenerse, aguantar
do
did
done
hacer
go
went
gone
ir
bear
bore
borne
llevar, soportar
forego
forewent
foregone
outdo
outdid
outdone
sobrepasar, exceder
outgo
outwent
outgone
overdo
overdid
overdone
underdo
underdid
undergo
undo
undid
undone
deshacer
Aadiremos a esta clasificacin tres verbos que nicamente modifican la vocal tnica en el
prterito siendo el participio pasado igual a su infinitivo.
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
come
came
come
venir
become
became
become
Espaol
vencer, triunfar
Verbos con los tres tiempos totalmente distintos Estos verbos nicamente cambian su vocal tnica
por a para el pretrito y u para el participio pasado.
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
begin
began
begun
empezar
drink
drank
drunk
beber
ring
rang
rung
sonar
run
ran
run
correr
shrink
shrank
shrunk
encogerse
sing
sang
sung
cantar
sink
sank
sunk
hundirse
spring
sprang
sprung
saltar, brotar
stink
stank
stunk
apestar
swim
swam
swum
nadar
outrun
outran
outrun
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
be
was/were been
ser, estar
swell
swelled
swollen
hinchar, aumentar
fly
flew
flown
volar
tread
trod
trodden
pisar, hollar
Infinitivo
Pasado
Participio
Espaol
Abide
Abode
Abode
Habitar, Soportar
Arise
Arose
Arisen
despertar
Awake
Awoke
Awaken
levantar
Be
Was/were
Been
Ser o Estar
Bear
Bore
Bore/Born
Beat
Beat
Beaten
Golpear
Become
Became
Become
Llegar o Ser
Begin
Began
Begun
Empezar
Bend
Bent
Bent
Doblar
Bereave
Beseech
Besought
Besought
Suplicar (literario)
Bet
Bet
Bet
Apostar
Bid
Babde
Bidden
Decir, rogar
Bid
Bid
Bid
Pujar, Ofertar
Bind
Bound
Bound
Atar/Unir
Bite
Bit
Bitten
Morder
Bleed
Bled
Bled
Sangrar
Blow
Blew
Blown
Soplar
Break
Broke
Broken
Romper
Bring
Brought
Brought
Traer
Build
Built
Built
Construir
Burn
Burnt/Burned
Burnt/Burned
Quemar
Burst
Burst
Burst
Estallar
Buy
Bought
Bought
Comprar
Cast
Cast
Cast
Tirar
Catch
Caught
Caught
Coger o Agarrar
Chide
Chid
Chidden/chid
Reprender
Choose
Chose
Chosen
Elegir
Cleave
Cleft
kleft
Hender
Cling
Clung
Clung
Adherirse
Come
Came
Come
Venir
Cost
Cost
Cost
Costar
Creep
Crept
Crept
Arrastrarse
Cut
Cut
Cut
Cortar
Deal
Dealt
Dealt
Tratar
Dig
Dug
Dug
Cavar
Dive
Dove
Dived
Sumergirse, zambullirse
Do
Did
Done
Hacer
Draw
Drew
Drawn
Dibujar
Dream
Drink
Drank
Drunk
Beber
Drive
Drove
Driven
Conducir
Dwell
Dwelt
Dwelt
Residir
Eat
Ate
Eaten
Comer
Fall
Fell
Fallen
Caerse
Feed
Fed
Fed
Alimentar
Feel
Felt
Felt
Sentir
Fight
Fought
Fought
Luchar
Find
Found
Found
Encontrar
Flee
Fled
Fled
Huir
Fling
Flung
Flung
Lanzar
Fly
Flew
Flown
Volar
Forbid
Forbad/Forbade Forbidden
Prohibir
Forget
Forgot
Forgotten
Olvidar
Forgive
Forgave
Forgiven
Perdonar
Freeze
Froze
Frozen
Congelar
Get
Got
Gotten
Conseguir
Give
Gave
Given
Dar
Go
Went
Gone
Ir
Grind
Ground
Ground
Moler, triturar
Grow
Grew
Grown
Crecer
Hang
Hung
Hung
Colgar
Have
Had
Had
Tener
Hear
Heard
Heard
Oir
Hew
Hewed
Hewn
Hide
Hid
Hidden
Esconder
Hit
Hit
Hit
Golpear
Hold
Held
Held
Sujetar
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Herir
Keep
Kept
Kept
Guardar, mantener
Kneel
Knelt
Knelt
Arrodillarse
Knit
Knit
Knit
Hacer Punto
Know
Knew
Known
Saber o Conocer
Lade
Laded
Laden
Lay
Laid
Laid
Poner o Extender
Lead
Led
Led
Dirigir
Lead
Led
Led
Guiar
Lean
Leant
Leant
Apoyar(se)
Leap
Leapt
Leapt
Saltar
Learn
Learnt
Learnt
Aprender
Leave
Left
Left
Dejar o Abandonar
Lend
Lent
Lent
Prestar
Let
Let
Let
Permitir
Lie
Lay
Lain
Tumbarse
Lie
Lied
Lied
Mentir
Light
Lit
Lit
Iluminar
Lose
Lost
Lost
Perder
Make
Made
Made
Mean
Meant
Meant
Significar
Meet
Met
Met
Melt
Melted
Molten/Melted
Derretir (metales)
Mow
Mowed
Mown
Segar
Pay
Paid
Paid
Pagar
Put
Put
Put
Poner
Quit
Quit
Quit
Dejar, irse
Read
Read
Read
Leer
Rend
Rent
Rent
Partir, despedazar
Rid
Rid
Rid
Librar
Ride
Rode
Ridden
Montar
Ring
Rang
Rung
Rise
Rose
Risen
Elevar o Alzarse
Run
Ran
Run
Correr
Saw
Sawed
Sawn
(a)serrar
Say
Said
Said
Decir
See
Saw
Seen
Ver
Seek
Sought
Sought
Buscar
Sell
Sold
Sold
Vender
Send
Sent
Sent
Enviar
Set
Set
Set
Colocar
Sew
Sewed
Sewn
Coser
Shake
Shook
Shaken
Sacudir, agitar
Shear
Shore
Shorn
Esquilar
Shed
Shed
Shed
Brillar
Shine
Shone
Shone
Brillar
Shoe
Shod
Shod
Herrar
Shoot
Shot
Shot
Disparar
Show
Showed
Shown
Mostrar
Shrink
Shrank
Shut
Shut
Shut
cerrar
Sing
Sang
Sung
Cantar
Sink
Sank
Sunk
Hundir(se)
Sit
Sat
Sat
Sentarse
Slay
Slew
Slain
Matar(literario)
Sleep
Slept
Slept
Dormir
Slide
Slid
Slid
Deslizarse, resbalar
Sling
Slung
Slung
Slink
Slunk
Slunk
Escabullirse
Slit
Slit
Slit
Rajar
Smell
Smelt
Smelt
Oler
Smite
Smote
Smitten
Golpear
Sow
Sowed
Sown
Sembrar
Speak
Spoke
Spoken
Hablar
Speed
Sped
Sped
Acelerar
Spell
Spelt
Spelt
Deletrear
Spend
Spent
Spent
Gastar o Emplear
Spill
Spilt
Spilt
Derramar
Spin
Spun
Spun
Hilar,girar
Spit
Spat
Spat
Escupir
Split
Split
Split
Partir,Hender
Spoil
Spoilt
Spoilt
Estropear, mimar
Spread
Spread
Spread
Esparcir
Spring
Sprang
Sprung
Brotar, saltar
Stand
Stood
Stood
Steal
Stole
Stolen
Robar
Stick
Stuck
Stuck
Pejar, fijar
Sting
Stung
Stung
Picar
Stink
Stank
Stunk
Apestar
Strew
Strewed
Strewn
Esparcir, rociar
Stride
Strode
Stridden
Andar a zancadas
Strike
Struck
Struck/Striken
Golpear, atacar
String
Strung
Strung
Strive
Strove
Striven
Esforzarse, ingenirselas
Swear
Swore
Sworn
Jurar
Sweep
Swept
Swept
Barrer
Swell
Swelled
Swollen/swelled Hincharse
Swim
Swam
Swum
Nadar
Swing
Swung
Swung
Balancearse
Take
Took
Taken
Coger, llevar
Teach
Taught
Taught
Ensear
Tear
Tore
Torn
Rasgar
Tell
Told
Told
Contar
Think
Thought
Thought
Pensar
Thive
Throve
Thriven
Florecer, prosperar
Throw
Threw
Thrown
Thrust
Thrust
Thrust
Tread
Trod
Trodden
Pisar
Understand Understood
Understood
Entender
Wake
Woke
Woken
Despertarse
Wear
Wore
Worn
Llevar puesto
Weave
Wove
Woven
Tejer
Weep
Wept
Wept
Sollozar
Win
Won
Won
Ganar
Wind
Wound
Wound
Wring
Wrung
Wrung
Retorcer
Write
Wrote
Written
Escribir
Simple Past
Past Participle
Spanish
arise
arose
arisen
surgir
be
was / were
been
ser
beat
beat
beaten
golpear
become
became
become
convertirse
begin
began
begun
comenzar
bet
bet/betted
bet/betted
apostar
bite
bit
bitten
morder
bleed
bled
bled
sangrar
blow
blew
blown
soplar
break
broke
broken
romper
bring
brought
brought
traer
build
built
built
construir
buy
bought
bought
comprar
catch
caught
caught
atrapar
choose
chose
chosen
elegir
come
came
come
venir
cost
cost
cost
costar
creep
crept
crept
arrastrarse
cut
cut
cut
cortar
deal
dealt
dealt
dar, repartir
do
did
done
hacer
draw
drew
drawn
dibujar
dream
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
soar
drink
drank
drunk
beber
drive
drove
driven
conducir
eat
ate
eaten
comer
fall
fell
fallen
caer
feed
fed
fed
alimentar
feel
felt
felt
sentir
fight
fought
fought
pelear
find
found
found
encontrar
flee
fled
fled
huir
fly
flew
flown
volar
forget
forgot
forgotten
olvidar
forgive
forgave
forgiven
perdonar
forsake
forsook
forsaken
abandonar
freeze
froze
frozen
congelar
get
got
got
tener, obtener
give
gave
given
dar
go
went
gone
ir
grind
ground
ground
moler
grow
grew
grown
crecer
hang
hung
hung
colgar
have
had
had
tener
hear
heard
heard
or
hide
hid
hidden
esconderse
hit
hit
hit
golpear
hold
held
held
tener, mantener
hurt
hurt
hurt
herir, doler
keep
kept
kept
guardar
kneel
knelt
knelt
arrodillarse
know
knew
known
saber
lead
led
led
encabezar
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
aprender
leave
left
left
dejar
lend
lent
lent
prestar
let
let
let
dejar
lie
lay
lain
yacer
lose
lost
lost
perder
make
made
made
hacer
mean
meant
meant
significar
meet
met
met
conocer, encontrar
pay
paid
paid
pagar
put
put
put
poner
quit
quit/quitted
quit/quitted
abandonar
read
read
read
leer
ride
rode
ridden
montar, ir
ring
rang
rung
rise
rose
risen
elevar
run
ran
run
correr
say
said
said
decir
see
saw
seen
ver
sell
sold
sold
vender
send
sent
sent
enviar
set
set
set
fijar
sew
sewed
sewn/sewed
coser
shake
shook
shaken
sacudir
shine
shone
shone
brillar
shoot
shot
shot
disparar
show
showed
shown/showed
mostrar
shrink
shrank/shrunk
shrunk
encoger
shut
shut
shut
cerrar
sing
sang
sung
cantar
sink
sank
sunk
hundir
sit
sat
sat
sentarse
sleep
slept
slept
dormir
slide
slid
slid
deslizar
sow
sowed
sown/sowed
sembrar
speak
spoke
spoken
hablar
spell
spelt/spelled
spelt/spelled
deletrear
spend
spent
spent
gastar
spill
spilt/spilled
spilt/spilled
derramar
split
split
split
partir
spoil
spoilt/spoiled
spoilt/spoiled
estropear
spread
spread
spread
extenderse
stand
stood
stood
estar de pie
steal
stole
stolen
robar
sting
stung
stung
picar
stink
stank/stunk
stunk
apestar
strike
struck
struck
golpear
swear
swore
sworn
jurar
sweep
swept
swept
barrer
swim
swam
swum
nadar
take
took
taken
tomar
teach
taught
taught
ensear
tear
tore
torn
romper
tell
told
told
decir
think
thought
thought
pensar
throw
threw
thrown
lanzar
tread
trode
trodden/trod
pisar
wake
woke
woken
despertarse
wear
wore
worn
llevar puesto
weave
wove
woven
tejer
weep
wept
wept
llorar
win
won
won
ganar
wring
wrung
wrung
retorcer
write
wrote
written
escribir
TENSES OF
PRESENT
Se forma en ingls con el infinitivo del verbo sin 'to' (forma bsica) para todas las personas, a
excepcin de la tercera persona singular que aade una -s final:
I play
You play
He plays
We play
You play
They play
Yo juego
T juegas
l juega
Nosotros jugamos
Vosotros jugis
Ellos juegan
Cuando el verbo termina en -s, -ss, -sh, -o, -ch, -x se aade a la tercera persona singular la
terminacin '-es'. Cuando termina en 'y' precedida de consonante cambia la 'y' por 'ies'
I kiss / Yo beso
I try / Yo intento
Yo no juego
T no juegas
l no juega
Nosotros no jugamos
Vosotros no jugis
Ellos no juegan
Juego yo?
Juegas t?
Juega l?
Jugaos nosotros?
Jugis vosotros?
Juegan ellos?
Yo estoy jugando
T ests jugando
l est jugando
Nosotros estamos jugando
Vosotros estis jugando
Ellos estn jugando
Yo no estoy jugando
T no ests jugando
l no est jugando
Nosotros no estamos jugando
Vosotros no estis jugando
Estoy yo jugando?
Ests t jugando?
Est l jugando?
Estamos nosotros jugando?
Estis vosotros jugando?
Estn ellos jugando?
Yo he comprado un coche:
nos indica que la accin de
comprar el coche acaba de
realizarse.
Yo compr un coche: no
implica que la accin haya
sido reciente, ni que an siga
teniendo ese coche.
Otro uso tpico del "present perfect" es para describir acciones que
empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado:
I have lived in this city since 1980.
He
vivido
en esta
ciudad
desde
1980:
implica
que sigo
viviendo
en la
ciudad.
He
jugado
al tenis
desde
mi
infancia:
y sigo
jugando
Oraciones afirmativas:
EJERCICIO 1
6. I
7. I
English, although I
8. I
in Valencia, though I
9. I
(have)
10. She
TENSES OF
PAST
NEGATIVA
I did not play
You did not play
He did not play
We did not play
You did not play
They did not play
Yo no jugu
T no jugaste
l no jug
Nosotros no jugamos
Vosotros no jugasteis
Ellos no jugaron
INTERROGATIVA
INT.-NEGATIVA
Jugu?
No jugu?
Did I play?
Didn't I play?
Jugaste? Didn't you play? No jugaste?
Did you play?
Jug?
Did he play?
Didn't he play? No jug?
Jugamos? Didn't we play? No jugamos?
Did we play?
Jugasteis? Didn't you play? No jugasteis?
Did you play?
Jugaron? Didn't they play? No jugaron?
Did they play?
USO DEL PASADO SIMPLE
a.) Para acciones pasadas. Indican el perodo de tiempo durante el que se desarroll y complet
una accin ya finalizada. Es habitual que vaya acompaado de un adverbio de tiempo.
I bought this car last year / Compr este coche el ao pasado
b.) Para expresar una accin indeterminada en el pasado:
They used pencils and paper / Utilizaron lpices y papel
I have played
You have played
He has played
We have played
You have played
They have played
Yo he jugado
T has jugado
l ha jugado
Nosotros hemos jugado
Vosotros habis jugado
Ellos han jugado
A terrorist has bombed a bus (accin en el pasado que tiene un significado ahora)
Adolf Hitler bombed London (no tiene relevancia ahora)
EL PRETRITO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO (Present Perfect Continuous)
Tiene la siguiente construccin:
sujeto + pretrito perfecto de 'to be' + gerundio
I have been playing / He estado jugando
He has been playing / l ha estado jugando
En la forma negativa se coloca 'not' despus del auxiliar:
I have not been playing / No he estado jugando
La forma interrogativa, se construye invirtiendo la posicin del sujeto y el auxiliar:
Have I been playing? / He estado jugando?
La forma interrogativa-negativa sigue la misma construccin que en el pretrito perfecto
Haven't I been playing? / No he estado jugando?
USO DEL PRETRITO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO
Se usa cuando se quiere expresar el sentido de la continuidad de una accin que ha comenzado en
el pasado, que dura todava en el presente y que incluso puede continuar en el futuro.
I have been studying English for two years / Estudio ingls desde hace dos aos
(y contino estudindolo en la actualidad)
TIME EXPRESSIONS (Las expresiones de tiempo)
El present perfect es usado frecuentemente con las siguientes expresiones de tiempo:
Ever and never
Have you ever been to Scotland? / Has estado alguna vez en Escocia?
Ive never eaten paella. / Nunca he comido paella.
Just
Ive just made tea, would you like a cup? / Acabo de hacer t. Quieres una taza?
Ana and Jess have just had a baby / Ana y Jess acaban de tener un nio.
Recently and lately
Ive recently passed the F.C.E. exam and Im studying for the C.A.E.
Acabo de aprobar el exmen de FCE y estoy estudiando para el CAE.
EJERCICIOS 2
1 - Cambia el tiempo verbal a 'past simple' en las siguientes frases, siguiendo el ejemplo:
1. We love England
We loved England
2. We
3 - Cambia las siguientes frases del present perfect a frases con un significado parecido en
el present simple poniendo el verbo entre parntesis. Sigue el ejemplo.
Luis has bought a new computer (have)
TENSES OF
FUTURE
NEGATIVA
Yo jugar
I (shall / will) play
T jugars
You will play
l jugar
He will play
We (shall / will) play Nosotros jugaremos
Vosotros jugareis
You will play
Ellos jugarn
They will play
Yo no jugar
T no jugars
l no jugar
Nosotros no jugaremos
Vosotros no jugaris
Ellos no jugarn
You will be flying to Paris tomorrow at this hour / Maana a esta hora estars volando hacia
Paris
Las formas negativa, interrogativa e interrogativa-negativa se construyen de forma anloga a la
explicada para el futuro simple.
FORMA NEGATIVA
I shall / will not be playing
no estar jugando
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I shall have been playing
Yo habr estado jugando
FORMA NEGATIVA
I shall not have been playing
Yo no habr estado jugado
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Shall I have been playing?
Habr estado jugando?
INTERROG-NEGATIVA
Shall I not have been playing?
No habr estado jugando?
EJERCICIOS 3
A)- Pon los verbos en 'future simple' o 'present simple' segn proceda:
1. After I
2. As soon as she
me I
3. I
you before I
4. I
Helen when we
5. I
B)- Completa las frases escribiendo el tiempo verbal en 'future simple' o 'future continuous'
1. At eight o'clock on Monday evening we
2. He
3. I
4. What
5. Next month they
WOULD
Would es el pasado de will en algunos casos y es un verbo modal auxiliar. Se forma sin do y despus
de would ponemos el infinitivo sin to.
I'd like some more whisky. / Quisiera un poco ms de whisky
Would you like to go out with me on Saturday night? / Te gustara salir conmigo el sbado por la noche?
I wish you wouldnt smoke. / Preferira que no fumaras
- Would puede ser el pasado de will en el estilo indirecto.
Se usa para hablar sobre el futuro en el pasado, cuando hablamos sobre un accin en el pasado que
todava no ha ocurrido en el tiempo del que estamos hablando.
When I saw her on the bus. I didn't know that I would fall in love with her.
Cuando la vi en el autobs, no saba que me enamorara de ella
I had no idea that they would offer me the job.
No tena ni idea de que me ofreceran el trabajo
- Would se usa como will para pedir cosas, y ofrecer.
Would you sign here, please? / Querra usted firmar aqu?
Would you like some chocolate cake? / Le apetece un poco de pastel de chocolate?
I`d like to see you again /Me gustara volver a verte
Would you mind waiting in my office? / Le importa esperar en mi oficina?
- Tambin would puede indicar los habitos en el pasado y una firme voluntad en el pasado de hacer
algo.
He would play football, rugby and tennis, but he hated playing golf.
Jugaba futbol, rugby y tenis, pero odiaba jugar golf.
My grandmother would sit in her room all day in a bad mood, and would only cheer up when she went to
the casino.
Mi abuela sola sentarse en su habitacin todo el da de mal humor, y solo levantaba el animo cuando se
iba al casino.
- Pero no se puede usar el would cuando la accin ocurre en una sola ocasin en el pasado.
Comparar :
Bono sang at the concert last Sunday. / Bono cant en el concierto el domingo pasado
(Y no Bono would sing at the concert last Sunday )
- Sin embargo, would not se puede usar para indicar la negacin de una ocasin.
I invited her to my flat, but she wouldnt come. / Le invit a mi piso, pero ella no quiso venir
The bloody T.V. wouldn`t work last night. / No funcionaba el maldito televisor ayer por la noche
- Para criticar el comportamiento de la gente, se puede usar would. En est caso se da ms nfasis (stress)
en el would.
You were a good boy, but you WOULD leave your clothes all over the bedroom floor
Eras un buen chico, pero siempre dejabas tu ropa en el suelo
That`s typical of you, you WOULD go to the pub without leaving me a note!.
Eso es tpico de t, te fuiste al pub sin dejarme una nota!
- Would, como used to, puede hablar de acciones repetidas y cosas en el pasado, pero no para referirse
a estados como vivir, estar etc.
I used to play football in the park every Sunday. / Sola jugar futbol en el parque todos los domingos
I would play football in the park every Sunday. / Sola jugar futbol en el parque todos los domingos)
I used to live in London. / Sola vivir en Londres
Pero no: I would live in London
- Would (y tambin should), como un verbo auxiliar, se usa con verbos que refieren a situaciones no reales
o no ciertas. Se puede comparar con el subjuntivo en espaol. Aparecen mucho con las frases con if.
If I were a rich man, I'd build a big, tall house. / Si fuera rico, construira una casa grande y alta
If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning. / Si tuviera un martillo, martilleara por la maana
If I ruled the world, every day would/should be the first day of spring.
Si gobernara el mundo, todos los das sera el primer da de la primavera
If I had known you were married, I wouldnt have asked you to dinner.
Si hubiera sabido que estabas casada, no te habra invitado a cenar
SOLUCIONES EJERCICIO 1
1. John is talking to Mary now.
2. I watch television every night.
3. The children usually go to bed at nine o'clock.
4. Is Richard reading a book at the moment?
5. They don't go to the theatre very often.
6. I'm not studying at the moment.
2. 7. I don't speak English, although I'm studying it at the moment.
8. I live in Valencia, though I'm staying in Madrid at the moment.
9. I'm staying in a hotel at the moment, although I have my own apartment.
10. She comes from Chile, though she is living in New York just now.
SOLUCIONES EJERCICIO 2
1
2. They didn't like the film.
3. They worked on a farm.
4. Did you work in this factory?
5. Where did you live?
6. I didn't like Tokyo
7. Did he play the guitar?
8. I didn't study French
9. They hated waiting
10. Did your son study here?
2
1. He
2. We
w as riding
w ere w atching
w as listening
him inside.
said
3
1. The report is finished.
2. Angeles cannot find her keys.
3. Where is Ruben?
4. I have a new camera.
5. She isnt here at the moment.
6. The flat is dirty.
7. I dont remember your name.
8. His leg is broken.
9. Carolyn has a new baby.
10. The pope is dead.
4
1. Ive lived in Valencia
for
five years.
since
since
breakfast.
for
1998.
for
for
for
1948.
for
since
nearly a year.
two years.
ages.
5
1. Graham has had a Porsche for two years.
2. Deek has been studying German since 1999.
3. Luis and Craig have been working on La Mansin del Ingls since 2001.
4. Cathy has been in Cuba for three weeks.
5. Tom has been playing the saxophone since last March.
6. Craig has been teaching English since 1991.
A)
visit
1. After I
2. As soon as she
3. I
4. I
5. I
B)
'll see
'll phone
'll finish
phones
you before I
'll let
me I
fly
Helen when we
this report when I
'll be visiting
3. I
to London.
get
to Paris.
'm
at home.
4.What
'll be flying
w on't be able
'll ask
'll be living
you know.
'll tell
in England.
it all day.