Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Blumer, Herbert. Schemes of Life in Movies and Conduct. 1933.
This journal article from 1933 is a report/ testimony collection of high school students and
college students on how motion pictures have influenced their or their friends actions/ attitude
toward life. This helped me comprehend to what extent motion pictures had influenced the lives
of the youth. I used this source by taking two testimonies and inserting them as quotes in my
website.
Definition Contest. The Forum, November 1928.
This newspaper clipping created in 1928, allowed me to understand the mindset of the public and
to simulate how they might react to motion pictures based on this. This newspaper recorded
testimonies sent in by readers of the newspaper on defining important social terms and what they
meant to them. I used this source to aid in my analysis of
Edison, Thomas A. Kinescope. National Archives, Records of the Patent and Trademark Office.
Print. Accessed October 6, 2014.
This source is a photocopy of the official patent for Thomas Edisons invention: the
Kinetoscope. This source helped me understand how the machine was able to project motion
pictures and I used this document to aid viewers of my website in visualizing this as well.
Golden, N.D. Trade Follows the Film Congressional Digest 7, no. 11 (November 1928): 298299. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed October 23, 2014).
This source reflects how the motion pictures led to advertising in the late 1920s and how it
affected the minds of businessmen. This source helped me comprehend the business mentality
and how businessmen during the 1920s manipulated motion pictures to their benefit. I used this
source in my entry to analyze the economic aspects of motion pictures.
Hayes, David P. The Production Code of the Motion Picture Industry (1930-1967). The
Motion Picture Production Code. Accessed September 3, 2014.

This source gives the original documentation of the Production Code of the Motion Picture
Industry (1930-67) and all of the official additions to the document over time. This source helped
me in seeing the progression of the Hays Code over time. I used excerpts from this source that
helped exemplify some of the ideas in the Hays Production Code.
Hays, Will H. 1928 Is the Motion Picture Arbitration Plan a Success? Pro. Congressional
Digest 7. no. 11 (November 1928): 308-311. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost
(accessed October 23, 2014).
This source not only provides the opinion of William Hays himself, but it also gives two
different, but significant views on the Motion Picture Arbitration Plan. This helped me see the
opinionated statements that were being presented to the people and how William Hays thought
towards the plan. I used this to present statistics in my website.
Sprauge, Jesse Rainsford. Small-Town Movie Theater. Saturday Evening Post 210, no. 7
(August 14, 1937): 23-64. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed October
21, 2014).
This source is a reflection of public opinion at the time in which the motion picture industry had
been a popular luxury and business. This source helped me understand the business ideas being
thrown around that help improve the motion picture business when advertising in smaller
locations (small towns as opposed to large cities).

Secondary Sources
"A Brief History of Film Censorship." National Coalition Against Censorship.
This source gives some information on the general subject of motion picture censorship. This
source helped me understand the legalities of the reform. I used the information presented on the
graphic in my website as to make it easier for reader comprehension.
Dirks, Tim. Film History of the 1920s Filmsite. Accessed October 21, 2014.
This source provides detailed information about motion picture companies and also was created
during a time period that had many informational resources for analysis. This source helped me

in understanding the hierarchy of the motion picture industry and how it determine the motion
picture censorship movement. I used this source throughout my entry due to its great information
content. I also took pictures from Tim Dirkss website to help readers comprehend my own.
Film Ratings. Motion Picture Association of America. Accessed October 12, 2014.
This source simplifies the rating system for easy comprehension and is a direct source from the
Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) today. This source informed me of the rating
system formally and I therefore used it in my entry to help readers follow along with that I say.
Harris Jr., Alfred W. Movie Censorship and the Supreme Court: What Next? California Law
Review 42, no. 1, 122-38.
This document has been created within a general time period of the beginning of movie
censorship and reflects the opinions and views of the public and media. This source helped me
understand why motion pictures werent protected by the First Amendment and I therefore used
it to elaborate on the beginnings of motion picture censorship.
"Make Your Demos and Tutorials Flow Perfectly." Flowtility by Simplifilm.
This source does not provide information but instead provides a picture of a single frame from a
movie countdown that often appeared before a film began. I used this image as a backdrop for
one of my website pages.
Nichols, Bill. To Counteract the Forces Of Hollywood. Cineaste 39, no. 4: 4-9. Academic
Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 3, 2014).
This source gives quotes from a person who had first-handedly witnessed the social ups and
downs in the film industry during the 1900s and it also analyses them and applies them to the
times that they lived in (the time in which the interview was done). This source helped me
understand how business was for someone who owns a motion picture business. I used this to
build upon social aspects of motion picture censorship.
Olson, Kathy. Movie Censorship. First Amendment Site. Accessed September 14, 2014.

This source gives great comparison of motion picture censorship in the early 20th century and
now. It is also completed by a person who majors in journalism and communication. This source
helped me understand the reasons why William Hays was chosen to censor motion pictures. I
used this information to explain to readers the industrys mentality toward motion pictures.
Parker, Alilson M. Purifying America: Women, Cultural Reform, and Pro-Censorship Activism
1873-1933. Urbana: University of Illinios Press, 1997.
This book gives a well-rounded analysis of the reforms in America during 1873-1933. This
source helped me comprehend the revolutionary mindset of the people that would determine
their reactivity to the moral issues with motion pictures.
Records of the State Board of Review. Kansas Historical Society. Accessed October 6, 2014.
This source gives history on the Kansas State Board of Review and describes the documents
within the actual archives as well as the physical dimensions of the documents in the archives.
This source helped me understand the background behind state boards of censorship a little bit
more and introduced me to the legislation and legal terms of the reform.
"Saving Money At The Movie Theater." Waspit Blog.
This source is an article about spending at the movie theater and shows an older image of the
outside of a movie theater. This image helped me comprehend why so many people were
attracted to movie theaters and why censorship had been so important. I used this image as a
backdrop for a website page due to the insignificance to the argument.
The Evolution of the Film Rating System. Film Ratings. Accessed October 13, 2014.
This source is supported by the Motion Picture Association of America and gives a full timeline
of events that made todays rating system that provides information on recent events as well.
This helped me understand how the ratings system came into being and eventually modified to
what it is today. I put this graphic in my website as to give readers a visual that will relief the
eyes from reading condensed text.
"The Movie and the Screen." Fiction Writers Review The Movie and the Screen Comments.

This source provided some insight into the mindset of todays film industry however; I used this
source primarily for the image of a theater as a backdrop for one of my webpages. This source
did help me complete my analysis of then and now in motion picture censorship.
The Roaring Twenties. History.com January 1, 2010. Accessed September 14, 2014.
This source provides an overview of 1920s American culture. This source helped me understand
where the mentality of the common people was coming from. This also helped me understand
why the people took such matters of movie censorship with the upmost seriousness. I used this
source by directly quoting it into my website and also by providing its informational content so
as to give readers background information.
Wittern-Keller, Laura. The Supreme Court & Movie Censorship. Accessed September 3, 2014.
The information from this source is objective and omnibus while expanding widely upon the idea
of State Boards of Review. This source helped me comprehend the political control that the
states had over the motion picture industry. I used an image from this source that goes to show a
movie theater in the 1920s.