for finding the no of zeros at last for any factorial, divide the number by 5.

for eg, for 23!, ans will be 23/5 = 4 zeros at the end.
----------------------------------------------------Digital Sum is always 9 for factorials above 6!
-------------------------------------------------------no.of distinct triangles for a given perimeter? formula kya hai?
When Perimeter(P) is:
(A) ODD:
[(P + 3)^2 / 48].
(B) EVEN:
[P^2/48].
--------------------------------------------------------------for the expression (x-a)(x-b)/(x-c), minimum value is (a-c)+(b-c) + 2rt(a-c)(b-c)
-------------------------------------------------for a trapezium abcd, and diagonals ac and bd, ac^2 + bd^2 = bc^2 + ad^2 + 2*ab*cd
--------------------------------------------------------------if for a pyramid with a rectangle base abcd and point o at the top, we have ao^2 + co^2= b0^2 + do^2
---------------------------------------------------for any number m^2 - n^2 = a
If a is even then a must be a multiple of 4 ..no. of solutions = (no. of factors of a/4)/2
If a is odd the no. of solutions = (no. of factors of a)/2
If a is a perfect square reduce 1 from no. of factors if not cosidering 0...else add 1
-----------------------------------------------------------

Meeting points when running in the ratio a:b:c (a,b,c) must be reduced such that HCF (a,b,c) = 1

i.e speeds of 5,10,25 = 1:2:5

then the no. of meeting points is given by HCF(|a-b|:|b-c|)
If suppose b is running in opposite direction replace b by -b
so meeting points = HCF(|a-(-b)|,|-b-c|) = HCF(|a+b|,|b+c|)
---------------------------------------------------------------------

In how many ways a triangle can be constructed by connecting three vertices of a regular octagon such
that no side of the triangle
coincides with that of the octagon?
n(n-4)(n-5)/6
-----------------------------------------------------------------

1/(2)(5)(8) + 1/(5)(8)(11) + 1/(8)(11)(14)+....... upto 15 terms=

General Formula : 1/2d [ 1/n(n-d) - 1/n(n+d)]

-------------------------------------------------------------In a trapezium PQRS PQ is parallel to RS and PQ=10 and RS = 20. A line UV is parallel to both PQ and RS
and divides the distance
between them in the ratio 2:3.
What is the length of UV?
= (PQ*p+RS*q)/SLANT HEIGHT

---------------------------Find the number of 3-element sets of distinct positive integers {a,b,c} such that abc =420??
420 = 2^2*3*5*7

abc = 420
Let a= 2^a1*3^a2*5^a3*7^a4
b = 2^b1*3^b2*5^b3*7^b4
c = 2^c1*3^c2*5^c3*7^c4

a1+b1+c1 = 2 => 6 ways

a2+b2+c2 = 1 => 3 ways

Similary for a3,b3,c3 and a4,b4,c4 3 ways each

Total ways = 6*3*3*3 = 162

-------------------------------

Twenty taps, numbered from 1 to 20, are fitted to a tank. On the xth day, for all x, where 1 x 20, the
taps numbered from
x to 20 are opened for x minutes. The tank is filled in 20 days. The capacity of the tank is C litres. Find C,
if the xth tap (for all x),
fills the tank at x litres/minute.

Remember the general formula is Sigma[1/2(i^3 + i^2)]. Don't sit and derive in the exam.

----------------logarithm of any positive number less than 1 (eg 0<x<1) is negative.

--------------------------------------

two cars simultaneously left two cities p and q for q and p respectively. once they arrive at their
respective destinations,
they turn around and move towards their starting points. they meet for the first time 22km from city q.
they meet for 2nd time 10km from
city p. find the dist pq.

22 * 3 - 10 = 56 (Direct formula)
--------------------An ant starts from a point on the bottom edge of a circular cylinder and moves in a spiral manner along
the curved surface area such
that it reaches the top edge exactly as it completes two circles.Find the distance covered by ant if the
radius of the cylinder is 12/pie
and h=20

if you spread the cylinder in a rectangle, the ant has covered it in exactly two circles, means it must
have covered it in two diagonals.
each upto half
the height of the cylinder. So, distance covered = 2*sqrt(((2*pi*r)^2)+(h/2)^2)

((((((((or))))))
Vertical displacement = 20m
Horizontal displacement, the length of path traced by the ant = 2*2*pi*r = 48

Distance covered = sqrt(20^2+48^2) = 52

----------------------------------IN a trapezium PQRS ,PQ||RS and 2PQ=3RS UV is drawn parallel to PQ and cuts SP in U and RQ in V such
that SU:UP=1:2.Find the ratio UV:SR

7 : 6 (ans)....UV =1/3 (PQ) + 2/3(RS) . Substitute PQ = 3/2 RS

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

New Method
here is fastest way to solve most complicated problems of type ax+by=c requiring to find integral
solutions

Say we take a complicated example like 32x + 53y = 109...........(i) [try solving using conventional method
and I can assure that it will take you hours]

Here is the method that I present [it might be known to some of you]

Master rule: pick up the smaller coefficient and divide other numbers by this, and replace other number
by the remainders obtained after dividing.

In the example taken 32 is the smaller of the (53,32) so divide other numbers by 32 and replace them
with the remainder to get

32x+21y=13 ..............(ii) [ when 53 is divided by 32 remainder = 21, when 109 is divided by 32 remainder
is 13]

now the smaller of (32,21) is 21 ...so divide everything else by 21 and replace by remainders to get
11x+21y=13.......(iii)

Now we divide by 11
11x+10y = 2.....(iv)

Now divide by 10 to get

x+10y = 2.............(v)

Stop once the co-efficient of any of the variable becomes 1 or -1 stop]

Now back track

one variable for which coefficient is not 1, equate that variable = 1 and solve for other.

In eqn (v) co-efficient of y is 10 hence we put y =1 and solve for x

put y = 1 in (v) to get x= -8

[eqn (v) is done now ...so move to (iv) now]

put x= -8 in (iv) to get y = 9

similarly back track upto original equation

put y=9 in (iii) to get x = -16

put x=-16 in (ii) to get y = 25

finally put y = 25 to get x = -38

So get the generalized solution as x= (53k-38); y = (-32k+25)

Now if you would observe that the method described above is very simple and repetitive in nature and
using this method you can get solution to any problem of type
ax + by = c however complicated it may be within less than 90 secs in most of the cases. The answer
comes even fast if you use -ve remainders

Now try 11x+ 19y = 70 using the method just learnt

Solution

11x-3y=4.....(ii) [ after dividing by 11]

=> -x-3y=1.....(iii) [after dividing by 3]

in (iii) put y =1 to get x=-4

put x = -4 in (ii) and y=-16
put y = -16 in original eqn to get x= 34

hence genralised solution is given by x = 19k+34 and y = -11k-16.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------hcf of (2^100 - 1, 2^120 -1)

This is a formulae:- HCF of (2^a-1, 2^b-1) is 2^(H.C.F of a,b )-1
--------------------------Pipes X, Y and Z are fitted to a tank. X can fill the tank in twice the time taken by all the 3 pipes to fill the
tank.
Y can fill the tank in 12 hours less than 4 times the time taken by all the 3 pipes to fill the tank.
Z can fill the tank is 12 hours less than 7 times the time taken by all the 3 pipes to fill the tank. Which
pipe(s) takes the least time to fill the tank?
Solution:
let the time by all the three be x.
Therefore, 1/x= 1/2x + 1/(4x-12) +1/(7x-12). Now solve for x
---------------------------25! Last non-zero digit?
Write the number in the form of 5a+b => 5*5+0

Now to calculate last non zero digit, R(25) = 2^a * R(a!) * R(b!)

i.e. 2^5 * R(5!) (since b=0)

Last non zero digit of 2^5 = 2 . Last no zero digit of 5! = 2

So the last no zero digit of 25! would be 2*2 => 4.

---------------------------------------Learn the method of partial fractions -- very important

---------------------------------------If you have to find out the minimum value of |x k(1)| + |x k(2)| + |x k(3)|... +... |x k(n)|, all you
need to do is that you arrange the values in an increasing order.
I am assuming that k(1) < k(2) < k(3) ... < k(n)
If n is odd, the minimum value will be [k(n) + k(n-1) + k(n-2)...k(mid + 1)] [k(mid 1) + ... k(3) + k(2) +
k(1)] and it will occur at x = middle value.
If n is even, the minimum value will be [k(n) + k(n-1) + k(n-2)...k(n/2 + 1)] [k(n/2) + ... k(3) + k(2) + k(1)]
and it will occur when x lies between the two middle values.
For example,
What will be the minimum value of |x - 1| + |x - 2| + |x - 3|?
Answer 3 - 1 = 2 therefore the middle value will occur at x=2 , not the mimimum value itself is 2.
What will be the minimum value of |x - 1| + |x - 2| + |x - 3| + |x - 4|
Answer = (4 + 3) - (1 + 2) = 7 - 3 = 4 therefore the middle value will occur at x= , not the mimimum value
itself is 4.
--------------------------------------The calenders of two leap years with a gap of 28 years will be the same. For eg, 1908 and 1936 are
exactly same calenders.
Also, The calenders of two leap years with a gap of 12 years will be the same if a century year, which is
not a leap year, falls between the two years.
Eg, since 1900 falls between 1896 and 1908,
the calenders of 1896 and 1908 will be the same.
Similarly, calenders of 1896 and 1936 (40 years (12+28) ) are exactly same.. Think of the scenario for
non-leap years ??
----------------------------logarithm Rules :
if log(0.4,3) , then the value is <0. ((log(base,value) ))
if log(10,value between 1 to 10) , then answer is between 0 and 1.
if log(10,value between 0 and 1), then the answer is negative.

if log(10, value greater than 10), the answer is >1.

Also if
log(5,7), then value is greater than 1, but if
log(7,5), then value is less than 1.
Now for values between 0 and 1, something reverse happens.
log(0.4,0.2)=1.756
log(0.2,0.4)=0.569
-------------------------------------------------------------------------What is the maximum possible sum of the number of Tuesdays and Wednesdays in two consecutive
years?
Ans.) 210
In two years, there can be a maximum of 731 days i.e 104 weeks and 3 extra days. So the maxmimum
possible sum of the number of tuesdays and wednesdays
(or for that fact any two consecutive days)
would be (104*2)+2 = 210
---------------------------------------------------------Ptolemy's theorem:
In quadrilateral bdce,
bc*de=bd*ce+dc*be
----------------------------------If n(A)=4 and n(B)= 3, then the number of possible functions is 3^4 = 81.

If n(A)= m, n(B)=n where m<=n, then the number of one=to=one functions is nPm.

If n(A)= m, n(B)=n then the number of onto functions is n^m - nC1*(n-1)^m + nC2(n-2)^m - ..... + (n<=m)
For eg, n(A)=4,n(B)=3,

3^4 - 3C1(3-1)^4 + 3C2(3-2)^4 = 36

The number of constant functions where n(A)=4,n(B)=3, is 3.

A bijcection is possible only if n(A)=n(B)=n, and the number of possible bijections in that case are are n!.
----------------------------------------------------------------------For drawing graphs involving modulus, the turning of the graph is determined by equating the portion
inside the mod to 0 and not by taking the entire equation to be 0.
For eg, y= |4x+1| + 5 , for knowing the turning, we will do 4x+1=0 =>x=-1/4. so graph will turn at -1/4
and not -5.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rotation of Axes:
x=Xcos$-Ysin$, y=Xsin$ + Ycos$
X=xcos$+ysin$, Y=-xsin$ + ycos$

here imp is diff between x and X.

x,y = old co-ordinate
X,Y = new co-ordinate
-------------------------------------------------------if A and B are mutually independent, then P(A int b) = P(A).P(B)
if A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A U b) = P(A) + P(B)
--------------------------------------------if the problem contains f(x+y) = f(x)+f(y) + ....... note put y=0 so that LHS reduces from f(x+y) to f(x+0) i.e.
f(x).
Now if you solve the remaining expression you will get some value of f(0) or some relation in f(x). Now
you based on results derived above you can proceed.

for example if you get value of f(0) then you can solve for f(1) which further can help you solve for
(f(1+1) = f(2).... and so on.

if the problem contains f(xy) kind of terms try to take advantage of the fact that x*1 = x i.e put y=1. so
you can solve for f(x) or you will get the value of f(1)....
if you get the value of f(1) you can solve for other values of x.

these are two standard methods to solve. In some cases putting y = 1/x can also help. As that will make
all xy terms = 1

Take some 10 such problems and try and solve it ..without time pressure. You will get a good hang of
this type of problems.
------------------------------------------------------------------Find the number of divisors of 15!
highest power of 2 in 15! = 11
highest power of 3 in 15! = 6
highest power of 5 in 15! = 3
highest power of 7 in 15! = 2
highest power of 11 in 15! = 1
highest power of 13 in 15! = 1
Therefore, 15!= 2^11,3^6,5^3,7^2,11^1,13^1
therefore number of divisors = 12*7*4*3*2*2=4032
-------------------------------------------------------------A 10 digit palindromic in base 16 is always divisible by ?
If a number has even number of digits in base n, then the numebr is divisible by base n+1 if the digits
equidistant from each end are the same.
therefore, it is divisible by 17.

------------------------------------------equilateral triangle:
inradius : a/(2_/3)
circumradius : a/(_/3)
area of isoscele triangle : b/4*(sqrt(4*a^2 - b^2)
-------------------------------------------------In a trapezium abcd with bases AB and CD, AC^2 + BD^2 = AD^2 + BC^2 + 2*AB*CD
-------------------------------------------------------radius of a sphere circumscribing a cuboid is given as - sqrt(l^2 + b^2 + h^2)/2
------------------------------------------------CSA of a tetrahedron - (3_/3a^2)/2
TSA of a tetrahedron - _/3*a^2
Height of a tetrahedron - _/6a/3
volume of a tetrahedron - _/2*a^3/12
----------------------------------------------in equilateral trianlge, if smaller triangles are formed by joining the midpoints of the bigger triangles,
then the perimeter reduces by a factor of 1/2 everytime.
What about the area each time??
-----------------------for a triangle to be necessarily acute, the sum of the squares of any two sides should be greater than the
square of the third side.
-------------learn all the pythagorean triplets
345
5 12 13
7 24 25

8 15 17
9 40 41
11 60 61
20 21 29
------------------------The chances of india winning a match against Australia is 1/6, what is the min no of matches india
should play against australia so that
there is a fair chance of winning at least one match?

Ans: 4. ..... Suppose x matches r played. Australia wins all.. (5/6)^x. India wins at least one: 1 - (5/6)^x.
Fair chance. . if it exceeds 1/2. x = 4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Find the total number of points having integral coordinates inside the region enclosed by 2|x| + 3|y| =
18 in the X-Y plane.

area=I+B/2-1 where I=integral co-ordinates ..B=boundary points.. area as we got 108(from previous
post)...108=I+12/2-1....I=103
------------------------------|A| + |B| + |C| = k, has (4k^2 + 2) integral solutions.[Only valid for 3 var.]
and when there are two variables..
|A| + |B| = k, has 4k integral solutions.
----------------------------------Generalisation:

Given x^a*y^b*z^c = K

Find minimum value of Gx + Hy + Iz

How to proceed:

Divide Gx into a parts ( Gx/a, Gx/a ........ a parts)

Hy into b parts
Iz into c parts

In short it will be of the form

(Gx/a + Gx/a + ...a times) + (Hy/b + Hy/b + ....b times) + (Iz/c + Iz/c + ....c times) => Total a+b+c terms

Let the above part be represented as S

Now apply AM>= GM formula

S/(a+b+c) >= [ (G/a)^a * x^a * (H/b)^b * y^b * (I/c)^c * z^c ] ^(1/(a+b+c))

S >= (a+b+c) [ (G/a)^a*(H/b)^b* (I/c)^c * K]^(1/(a+b+c))

for example,
xy^2z^3=2^12*3^2
where x,y,z are positive real numbers,find the minimum value of 3x+2y+z

3x+2y+z = (3x) + (y)+ (y) + (z/3) + (z/3) + (z/3)

Applying AM >= GM we get

[(3x) + (y)+ (y) + (z/3) + (z/3) + (z/3)]/6 >= [(3x)(y^2)(z/3)^3]^(1/6)

=>(3x+2y+z)/6 >= (xy^2z^3/9)^(1/6)
=>(3x+2y+z)>= 6*(2^12*3^2/9)^(1/6)
=>(3x+2y+z)>=6*2^2
=>(3x+2y+z)>=24

Hence min(3x+2y+z) = 24
------------------------------------------------------------how many sets of three numbers(triplets) possible for LCM = 72 ??

703 - ordered
129 - unordered

Solution:
72 = 2^3 * 3^2
a = 2^x1 * 3^x2
b = 2^y1 * 3^y2
c = 2^z1 * 3^z2

we should have 2^3 and 3^2 at least once

so we have to subtract the case where we dont have above mentioned case

2^(0-3) have 4 ways

3^(0-2) have 3 ways

for x1,y1,z1
4*4*4 - 3*3*3 = 37
for x2 , y2 , z2 => 3*3*3 - 2*2*2 = 19
= 37*19 = 703 triplets

Now for unordered first we need to removes cases that pertains to (72,x,x) or (72,72,x)

72 = 2^3 * 3^2

x can take 4*3 = 12 - 1 = 11 values

The above pair can arrange itslf in 3!/2! = 3 ways

total numbers = 11*2*3 = 66

1 case when the numbers are (72,72,72)

(703-66-1) /6 + 66/3 + 1 = 106+22+1 = 129

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------In how many ways 6 persons A,B,C,D,E,F can be arranged in a row if D is to be seated between A and B??
simple: 6!/3 as we have to stop the shuffling between these three people
------------------------------------find the remainder (21)^22 divided by 125

binomially: (20+1)^22... all terms with power of 20 ^ 2 are divisible by 125.

Need to consider 22C20*20^2 + 22C21*20 + 22C22 = 11*21*400 + 22*20 + 1 = (230+1)*400 + 441.
Remainder = 25 + 66 = 91.
--------------------------------------------------what is the coefficient of (1/x) in the expansion of (1+x)^10*(1+1/x)^10?
Ans: 20C9
the expression given is (1+x)^20 / x^10
you want x^-1 coefficient...so need to find x^9 ka coeff..
20C0 *x^20 +20C1*x^19+20C2*x^18+...............20C11*x9+....20C20*1
---------------------------------------69! mod 73?

72 ! mod 73 = 72
=>69! *70*71 *72 mod 73 =72
=>69! *(-3)*(-2)*(-1) mod 73 = 72 (as 70 mod 73 = -3 , 71 mod 73 = -2....)
=>69! (-3)(-2) (-1) = 72
=>69 ! *(-6) mod 73 = 72
=>69! mod 73 = -12 = 73-12= 61
-----------------------------------------In ?ABC, the medians AD and CF cut each other at right angles at G. If BC = 6 cm and AB = 8 cm, then find
the length of AC.

ABC triangle. G median. AG=2x, GD=x, CG=2y, GF=y

4x^2 +y^2 =16
4y^2 +x^2 =9
x^2 +y^2 =5

AC^2= 4x^2 +4y^2 = 4(5) =20

Therefore AC= 2 root 5
-----------------------------------------------------coefficient of x^3.y^4.z^5 in(xy+yz+zx)^6

the general terms (for the powers of x,y and z will be ) = (xy)^a (yz)^b (zx)^c
= x^(a+c) y^(a+b) z^(b+c)
comparing we have (a+c) = 3,a+b = 4 and b+c=5
=> a = 2,c=1 and b =3
hence ans = 6!/(2!3!) = 60
-------------------------------------------------How many factors of 720 will be a
1) perfect square
2) perfect cube
3)both

720 = 2^4 * 3^2 * 5

i) For squares, Powers of 2 can be 2^0, 2^2, 2^4

3 can be 3^0, 3^2
5 can be only 5^0

Total = 3*2*1 = 6

ii) For cube, Powers of 2 can be 2^0 and 2^3

3 and 5 can be only 3^0 and 5^0 respectively

Total = 2*1*1 = 2

Similarly for (iii) one, power of 6

----------------------------------------------------------learn pigeonhole principle
----------------------------------------------------there is a difference of 6 minutes in the time required to go up by a stationary escalator and a
descending escalator . the difference is of 4 min to go down for a person .
if the escalator descends at speed of 10 steps perminute
find the number of steps visible when it is stationary .

I approached it this way:

Say the person travels M steps / minute and takes T minutes to cover the total distance of the stationary
escalator.
(M-10)(T+6) = MT ............ (1)
and
(M+10)(T-4) = MT...............(2)
Solving these we get M=50 and T= 24. The total number of steps equals MT = 50*24 = 1200.
-----------------------------------------------------How many three digits numbers in base 10 are there which can be expressed using three digits in base 9
as well as in base 11?

in base 10, 3 digit numbers are : 10^2 to 10^3 -1 ==> 100 - 999
in base 9, 3 digit numbers are : 9^2 to 9^3 -1 ==> 81 - 728
in base 11, 3 digit numbers are : 11^2 to 11^3 -1 ==> 121 - 1330

common numbers are 121 - 728

(728-121)+1 = 608
-------------------------------------------------------------In how many ways can 12 similar chocolates be distributed among 3 persons where the first person
receives at most 6, second person receives at most 7
and third person receives at most 8.

a+b+c=12
14c2= 91
now let a>6
a+7+b+c=12
a+b+c=5 -- 7c2-21
let b>7
a+b+8+c=12
a+b+c = 4 --- 6c2-15
let c>8
a+b+c=3 -- 5c2-10
91-21-15-10=45
-----------------------------------------------------------------The highest power of 2 in 10! + 11! + 12! + 13! + ...+ 1000! is

10!(1+11 + 11 12 + ....) = 10! (12)(1 + 11 + .....).

10!{1+even}
highest power will be
10! /2
5+2+1=8

------------------------------------------------------------------------a thin copper wire is wound, uniformly and spirally, in a single layer,from the bottom to top, around a
single iron rod. the circumrference of the rod is 2cm.
and its height is 56 cm. If the number of turns is exactly 45, what is the length of the copper wire used?

Vertical displacement = 56
Horizontal displacement = 2pi*r*45 = 2*45 = 90

Length of the wire = root(56^2+90^2) = 106

------------------------------------------------------------------I am in the habit of walking up the subway escalator while it is running. I climb 20 steps at my normal
pace and it takes me 60 seconds to reach the top,
whereas my wife climbs only 16 steps and it takes her 72 seconds to reach the top. If the escalator broke
down tomorrow, how many steps would I have to climb?

60 sec with the escalator . Since he runs , he takes just 60 seconds and covers more stairs on his own. In
other words, escalator does less work in his case.
But his wife walks, so she covers lesser steps on her own, escalator does more work. And the key
concept here is the no. of steps in an escalator is constant.
So steps climbed by both is same.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------No. of integral solution for following:
|x| + |y| + |z| = 10

4k^2+2= 4*10^2+2=402
-----------------------------------------------------------------as we know that in weighing pans, we do 2^0, 2^1,....etc , while this is applicable for weighing when we
keep weights in one pan only, but when we keep weights in both the pans,

then we should take as 3^0, 3^1, etc. in calculation.

-------------------------------------------------------------------A right circular cylinder vessel having height 20 cm and inner diameter 10 cm is filled with
water upto 15 cm of its height as measured from the base. Find the angle by which the cylinder
needs to be tilted so that the water in the cylinder is just about to fall out...?

volume of liquid inside will be same in both the conditions.

In tilted position, the vessel will be something like this : at a certain height it will be fully filled and then ,
a slope will be formed reaching just to the top.
Let the height of vessel, for slope filled be h, and so the height for fully filled will be 20-h. now volume
comparing results,
1/2 (pi x 5^2 x h) + pi x 5^2 x(20-h) = pi x 5^2 x 15,
this gives h= 10. and base is 10. so 45.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------two circles intersect, find common area problem. Find some good solution for this.
----------------------------Let f(x)=a12 x^12 + a10 x^10 + a8 x^8 +........................+a2 x^2 +a0

The coefficients of a12,a10 ,a2,a0 are real .There are 3 sign changes of f(x) and f(x)=0 has 4 non real
roots Which of the following is true?

a10=0

a10>0

a10<0

a0=0
Ans:
i think this question is a very good question and can be cracked using some simple observations only,
there is no advanced concepts to be applied.

I have written in detail around this question, (as I love such questions which check the conceptual clarity
around very simple things).

Some simple observations are

1. The simplest of all the observation is that all the powers of x are even.
2. So we can re-write the eqn in by replacing x^2 = t to get (a12)t^6 + (a10)t^5 + (a8)t^4....(a2)t + a0
3. Now some of the roots of eqn in 't' (as written above) will be real and some of them would be
imaginary.

Simple conclusions based on observations above

1. Imaginary roots of eqn in 't' will lead to imaginary roots of eqn in 'x'
2. Now regarding the real roots: the real roots of eqn in 't' will be either +ve or -ve or 0
3. -ve real roots of eqn in 't' will give us imaginary roots for eqn in 'x' (example: t=-5 means x^2 = -5)
4. Hence only non +ve real roots of eqn in 't' will give real roots for eqn in 'x'

Most important conclusion

5. Say t=k is one of the roots (where k is +ve no.), then x = +/- _/k will be two roots. So for every +ve root
of eqn in 't' we will get two roots in in 'x'.
This means if there are n +ve roots for eqn in 't' then we will have 2n real roots for eqn in 'x'. i.e. even
no. of real roots.

But as per the data in the question, there are 3 real roots for eqn in 'x'. this means one of the roots of
eqn in 't' must be 0.

because zero is the only number for which sq root does not given two answers. Example x^2 = 4 means x
= +/-2 but x^2 = 0 means x=0. Hence 0 must be a root for the eqn in 'x'

So if one of roots is zero, the product of roots must be zero hence a0 = 0 is the correct option.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A student was asked to write down a 5th degree equation with real coefficients that had 1 negative ,2
positive and 2 non real roots.
If the coefficients of x^5,x^4,x^3,^2,x and the constant terms he got were a, b, c ,d,e,f which of the
following could be true

1. a>0 b>0 c<0 d>0 e<0 f>0

2.a>0 b>0 c>0 d<0 e<0 f<0

3.a>0 b>0 c>0 d>0 e<0 f>0

Ans:
In an equation of any degree, the number of sign changes gives us the maximum number of real roots
possible. So only in option 1, there are 4 sign changes and hence it satisfies
the condition ( 3 real roots )
In other options it is <3.
-------------------------------------------------------------A group of 4 married couples want to play mixed tennis, but each married individual does not want to
be on the same team as his/her spouse.
How many possible games can be played between two teams?

1) individuals from different couples are selected C(4,2)*C(2,2)*2! = 12

2) 1 couple is selected and 2 other individuals are selected C(4,1)*C(3,1)*C(2,1) = 24

3) 2 couples are selected C(4,2) = 6
Total=42
------------------------------------------------------Find the number of positive integral solutions for a + b + c = 100, such that a > 1, b > 2, c > 3

93c2??? edited...(a+b+c=94) apply natural number solution nw...

------------------------------------------------------------------------------The integer sequence a1, a2, a3, ... satisfies a(n+2) = a(n+1) - a(n) for n > 0.
The sum of the first 1492 terms is 1985, and the sum of the first 1985 terms is 1492.
The sum of the first 2001 terms is
(a) 986 (b) 0 (c) 1476 (d) none of the foregoing

a(1) and a(2) are the first and second terms..then 3rd term = a(3) = a(2) - a(1)
4th term = a(4) = a(3) - a(2) = (a(2) - a(1)) - a(2) = -a(1)
5th term = a(5) = a(4) - a(3) = -a(1) - a(2) + a(1) = -a(2)
6th term = a(6) = a(5) - a(4) = -a(2) + a(1)
Add all the 6 terms..sum = 0...so the cycle is repeated every 6 terms coz the 7th term is a1
Now, sum of 1492 terms = sum of 1492mod6 terms = 4 terms = a1 + a2 + (a2 - a1 ) -a1= 2*a2 -a1 = 1985
sum of 1985 terms = 1985 mod6 = 5 terms = a2-a1=1492
solving the two equations we get a2= 493 and a1= -999
we need sum of 2001mod6 terms = 3 terms = 2*a2 = 493*2 = 986
------------------------------------how many squares are there on a 6 cross 9 chessboard?

there will be 6*9= 54 squares of size 1*1; 5*8=40 of size 2*2; and so on...so overall
54+40+28+18+10+4=154 squares
So the general formula is : m*n + (m-1)(n-1)+ ....(m-n+1)(1)

how many rectanles are there on a 6 cross 9 chessboard?

choose horizontal two points in 7C2 ways, choose vertical in 10C2 ways.
Ans = 7C2*10C2.
General formula: m+1C2 * n+1C2
---------------------------------------------------------------No. of terms in expansion of ( 1+ a + a2 + a3)^5

If the Question is :( 1+ a + a^2 + a^3)^5

Ans:
(1+ a + a2 +.... ax)^y, no. of terms is xy+1

Then, Number of terms = 3*5 + 1= 15+1 = 16 terms

----------------------------------------------------------------A clock strikes once at 1 o'clock, twice at 2 o'clock
and so on. If it takes 6 seconds to strike at 3
o'clock, how much time will it take to strike at 9
o'clock?

We don't count the time for the strike, but the time in between two strikes,
So in case of 3 , there are 2 intervals of 3 seconds each.
Hence, in case of 9, there are 8 intervals of 3 seconds each. Hence 24

-----------------------------------------------------------Let T be the set of integers {2, 12, 22, 32 ..., 542, 552} and S be a subset of T such that the sum of no two
elements of S is divisible by 3.
The maximum possible number of elements in S is

Number of elements in T = 56
Number of elements of format 3n = 19
Number of elements of format 3n+1 = 18
Number of elements of 3n+2 = 19

For maximum, take 19 elements from 3n+2 and one element from 3n.
-------------------------------------------------------------If K is the number of ways in which 3 numbers in AP can be selected from a set of numbers { 1, 2, 3, ......
n} then
(i) Find the value of 'K' when n =100

(ii) Find the value of 'K' when n =101

For (I), you already know..!

(II) for n is odd..
when we take three nos in A.P ...a,b,c
a+c = 2b
sum of a+c should be even ..so a and c should be both even or both odd..
no of even nos in 1,2,3,...n is n-1 /2

no of odd nos in 1,2,3...n is n+1/2

so total ways would be selecting a and c...

(n-1/2 C 2) + (n+1/2 C2)
=50C2 + 51C2
=2500 ways ..
------------------------------------------------learn the formula between circum radius and inradius for different polygons
-----------------------------------------The equation ax^5+bx^4+cx^3+dx^2+ex=0 where a,b,c,d and e are real has 2 nonreal and two positive
roots.Which of the following statements are true ??

a<0 b<0 c>0 d>0 e>0

a<0 b<0 c>0 d<0 e>0

a<0 b>0 c<0 d>0 e<0

a>0 b<0 c>0 d>0 e>0

a>0 b>0 c<0 d>0 e<0

only 1 and 2

only 2 and 3

only 3 and 4

only 4 and 5
Ans:
Descartes rule says that number of positive roots would be equal to number of sign changes, OR
multiples of 2 less than it.
So, if sign change is 4, then it may have 4, 2, or even 0 positive roots. Descartes rule only gives upper
bound, not the exact number.
So, in this question if u find number of sign changes as odd, then it implies there is an odd number of
positive roots.
Then, u can discard that option. This happens for options (1), (2) & (5)
is it 3? i see it as 4.
---------------------------------------------------Ramit and Amit travel with uniform speed from A to B and B to A respectively, via the same route. Ramit
starts at 5:00am while Amit starts four hours later.
They meet, on the way, at 1:10pm. At what time do they reach their destination, if both of them reach
at the same time?
a)7pm
b)8pm
c)6:30pm
d)7:30pm

Ans:
let a covers x distance til 1.10..speed=a
b covers y dist til 1.10..speed=b
x=a(490)

y=b(250)
thy reach at same time..hence
y/a=x/b...
5b=7a..
putting it back in eq...y/b=350min.5hr +50min..
ab 1.10pm +5hr +50min=7pm.....
--------------------------------------------------------Please provide your approach...
1. In how many ways can 5 rings be worn on the four particular fingers of the right hand?
(A) 4^5
(B) 5^4
(C) 8C3
(D) 8P3
(E) 4!*5!

2. In how many ways can 5 different rings be worn on the four particular fingers of the right hand?
(A) 4^5*5C4
(B) 5^4*5C4
(C) 8C3
(D) 8P3
(E) 4!*5!

3. In how many ways can 5 different rings be worn on the any four fingers of the right hand?
(A) 4^5*5C4
(B) 5^4*5C4

(C) 8C3*5C4
(D) 8P3*5C4
(E) 4!*5!*5C4

Ans:
1. 4^5 (Identical rings)
For first ring we have four ways , for second ring we also have four ways, for 3rd,4th&5th we also have
four ways i.e., 4*4*4*4*4 = 4^5

2. 8P3
For first ring we have four ways, for second ring we have five ways as rings are distinct so there will be
increase in number of ways by +1 every-time and like wise for 3rd,4th&5th
i.e., 4*5*6*7*8 = 8P3

3. 5C4*8P3
As this is the extension of question number two.
In this we have to select(or choose) 4 fingers out of 5 so we applied combination too.
------------------------------------------------------Consider a cylinder of height h and radius r=4/pi cm as shown in the attached figure . a string of certain
length when wound on its cylindrical surface ,
starting at point A , gives a maximum of n turns.
Q1-what is the vertical spacing between two consecutive turns?
Q2-if there is no spacing between any two consecutive and the width of the string be x cm,then the
required length of the string is..?
Q3-if the string is wound on exterior four walls of a cube of side a cm starting at point c and ending
exactly at d , above c making equally spaced 4 turns.the side of the cube is..?

1) vertical spacing= height/no of turns = h/n,

2) no of turns = h/x = height/width,

length of each turn = 2*pie*4/pie = 8,

length of total string = 8 * h/x

3) length of string = 8 * n = 8n [ n= no of turns],

length for a single turn = 8n/4 = 2n,

side of cube = 8n/v257

----------------------------------------------------------What is the highest possible value of 'n' for which (3^1024) - 1 is divisible by 2^n?

3^2^1 -1 = 9-1=8-- div by 2^3

3^2^2 - 1 = 81 - 1=80 -- div by 2^4
and the pattern follows
so 3^2^10 - 1 should be div by 2^12
-----------------------------------------------------------A,Band C are running along a circular track with speeds in ratio 5:1:1. a&B are running clockwise while C
is running anticlockwise.
each time a meets B or C it gives a flower to the person.
what is the difference in number of flowers received by B and C if total flowers distributed is 33.

A offers B =>5-1 = 4 flowers

A offers C = >5+1 = 6 flowers

When C receives 6 flowers, B gets 4

When C gets 20, B gets 13.33 => 13 flowers
Now 20+13 = 33

Difference = 20-13 = 7
---------------------------------------------------------------What is the sum of the coefficients of the polynomial
(x - 2)^6( x - 4)^2 + (x +1)^3 (x - 2)^3 +( x +1)^2( x - 4)^3 ?

see...we have to add the coefficient of all the terms...and the terms that will have like 4x^6 we have
to take 4 into consideration and ignore the x^6 part.....
so the simplest way to do is to nullify the effect of x part and that can be safely done by puting x=1
cheers!!!

OR

when we expand any polynomial then the coefficient are multiplied by there corresponding variables. so
if we make variable as 1 only coefficints will be left.
for example lets take (x+2)(3x+1)=3x^2+7x+2 here if we make x=1 we get 12 and
if in original equation we make x=1 we get 3*4 which is also 12.hope u got it.
------------------------------------------------------Remainder of 7^52 mod 1200

1200= 3*25*16

7^52 MOD 3 =1 MOD 3 =1 -> 3A+1

7^52 MOD 25 =49^6 MOD 26 = -1^6 MOD 25 =1 MOD 25 =1 ->25B+1
7^52 MOD 16 =49 ^26 MOD 16 =1^26 MOD 25 =1 -> 16C+1
3A+1 =25B+1=16C+1
Hence 1
---------------------------------------------------The coefficient of x^7 in the expansion of (1-x^2+x^3) (1+x)^10

(1-x^2+x^3) (1+x)^10

Coeff of x^7 , x^5 and x^4 in (1+x)^10 multilpied with (1-x^2+x^3) will give coff of x^7

In (1+x)^10
for x^7 --> 10c3 x^7
for x^5 --> 10c5 x^5
for x^4 --> 10c6 x^4

10c3 - 10c5 + 10c6 = 78

----------------------------------------------------------------What is the coefficient of a^3 b^2 c^3 in the expansion of (a+2b+3c)^8??

expand [(a+2b) + 3c]^8.. and take only the term containing c^3...
8C3.(a+2b)^5.(3c)^3 = (3^3).8C3.(a+2b)^5.c^3
Now expand (a+2b)^5, and take only the term containing b^2.
(3^3).8C3.5C2.a^5.(2b)^2.c^3

Ignoring a, b, c.... 3^3 x 8C3 x 5C2 x 2^2 = 60480

-------------------------------------------------------------------Find the number of positive integral solutions for a+2b+3c = 21?

if a is even then c has to be odd, and vice verse

Case1: Say a = 2m+1 and c=2n

=>2m+2b+6n = 20
=>m+b+3n = 10
for n =1 we get 7 solutions
for n = 2 we get 4 solutions

Case2: say a=2m and c=2n+1

=>2m+2b+6n= 18
=>m+b+3n = 9
for n=0 we get 8 solutions
for n=1 we get 5 solutions
for n=2 we get 2 solutions

Hence total of 7+4+8+5+2 = 26 solutions..

---------------------------------------------------------------------------If a+b+c+d=20, then find the number of solutions possible when a,b,c,d<=8

Total solutions = 23C3

Let any one of a,b,c,d >8

So 4c1 * 14C3
But 2 out of a,b,c,d can also be >8.
a' + b' +c +d = 2
4c2*5c3. This has to be added as this case case has been deducted twice while counting 4*14C3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------no of dearrangements when there are n items is :
1-0
2-1
3-2
4-9
5-44
6-265
7-1854
----------------------------------------------------What is the sum of all the possible five digit numbers that can be formed with digits 0,1,2,3,4 used only
once ??

Using normal formula :

Sum of numbers with n digits = (Sum of n digits )*(n-1)! * 111..n times
So, here the required sum is :
{(0+1+2+3+4)*4!*11111 } - {(1+2+3+4)* 3! * 1111} = 2599980
-------------------------------------------------------------127^ 350 mod 153

127^350 mod 153

153 =17*9

127^350 mod 17 = 8^350 mod 17 =8^14 mod 17 =64^7 mod 17 =(-4)^7 mod 17 =16*16*16*-4 mod 17
=4 mod 17 =4
So 17a+4
127^350 mod 9 =1 mod 9 =1
So 9b+1
17a+4 =9b+1
9a+8a+4 =9b+1
9a+8a+3=9b
a+(8a+3)/9 =b
a=3
So 55
-------------------------------------Find the sum of coefficients of x^4 in the expansion of (x-y+4z-5w)^7

(x + ( -y +4z -5w) )^7

Now coeff of x^4 so use binomial ncr x^r a^(n-r)

7c4 . x^4 . (-y+4z - 5w)^3

Put x=y=z=w = 1 to find sum of coeff

35 (-2)^3 = -280
-------------------------------------How many factors of 840 are multiple of 5 but not of 8

840= 2^3*3*5*7... so factor having 5 not 8= 3*2*2=12

or
powers of 2 that can be used - 0 , 1 , 2
powers of 3 - 0 ,1
powers of 7 - 0,1

3 X 2 X 2 = 12
------------------------------The product of three natural numbers N1, N2 and N3 is twelve times their H.C.F. How many ordered
triplets (N1, N2, N3) are possible?

abc = 12

12 = 2^2 * 3

Let a = 2^x 1*3^y1

b = 2^x2 * 3^y2

c = 2^x3 * 3^y3

Now x1 + x2 + x3 = 2 => C(4,2) ways

y1 + y2 + y3 = 1 => C(3,2) ways

----------------------------------------------

Let an unbiased coin is tossed 10 times. Let the probability that head never occur on two consecutive
toss is denoted by P.

Let p=m/n

Here m and n donot have any common factor. Find m *n.

All tails = 1 way

9 tails , 1 head = 10c1
8 tails , 2 heads = 9c2
7 tails, 3 heads = 8c3
6 tails, 4 heads = 7c4
5 tails, 5 heads = 6c5
Total = 144
P = 144/1024 = 9/64 =>9*64 = 576
-----------------------------------------x^2 + y^2 -14x -6y -7 = 0, where x & y are integers. Find the largest possible value of 3x+4y .

(x-7)^2 + (y-3)^2 = 65 = 7^2 + 4^2

=> x-7 = 7, y-3 = 4
or x-7 = 4, y-3 = 7

x = 14,y=7
or x=11,y=10

For 1st, 3x+4y = 70

For 2nd, 3x+4y = 73

Hence maximum = 73
-------------------------------------------if the value of 4^100 in decimal system is converted to octal system, then the number of zeroes at the
end is

4^100 agar decimal sys. mein hta toh toh you would find no. of 10s,i.e. no pairs of (2*5),jismein 5
limiting hta h,in decimal system toh no trailing zeroes hnge.
similarly for base 8,u find no. of 8's contained in 4^100,which is 2^2*100 = 2^200.each 2^3 contains one
8,so 200 would contain [200/3] = 66.
--------------------------------------------------------------------if the value of 100! in decimal system is converted to base 6, the number of zeroes at the end is

just calculate the highest power of 3 in 100! because 6= 3*2. In base 6, you will be looking for number of
3s to find the number of zeroes
----------------------------------------------How many non negative solutions exist for x+y+z=12 such that x ,y and z never exceeds 5?

x + y + z = 12;
(5 - x') + (5 - y') + (5 - z') = 12; where x' ,y',z' >= 0 & <= 5;
=> 15 - 12 = x' + y' + z'
=> x' + y' + z' = 3;
So, Number of solns = C(3 + 3 - 1,3 - 1) = C(5,2) = 10.

--------------------------------------In an examination of 9 papers , candidate has to pass in more papers than the numbers the papers in
which he fails ,
in order to be successful.The number of ways in which he can be unsuccessful

C(9,9) + C(9,8) + C(9,7) + C(9,6) + C(9,5) = 256

-------------------------------------------A function (x) satisfies (1) = 3600 and (1) + (2) + ... + (n) = n2 f(n), for all positive integers
n > 1. What is the value of (9)?

f(1) + f(2) + f(3) +... +f(n)= n^2 f(n)

f(1) +f(2) + f(3) +.. + f (n-1)= (n^2-1) f(n)

(n-1)^2 f(n-1) = (n^2 -1) f(n)

hence,
f(n) = [(n-1)/(n+1)] x f(n-1)
so,

f(9) = 8/10 x f(8)

f(9) = 8/10 x 7/9 x 6/8 x 5/7 x 4/6 x 3/5 x 2/4 x 1/3 x f(1)
f(9) = 80

------------------------------------------------

stewarts theorem
--------------------------for a positive integer x, f(x+2) = 3+f(x), when x is even and f(x+2)=x+f(x), when x is odd. If f(1)=4 and
f(2)=3, then find f(f)f(f(f(1))))+f(f)f(f(f(2))))

f(1)=4 and f(2)=3 given

f(3)=5
f(4)=6
f(5)=8
f(6)=9
f(7)=13
f(8)=12
f(9)=20
now f(f(f(f(f(1)))))=f(20)
and f(f(f(f(f(2)))))=f(12)
by observation f(x)=x/2*3 for x even
f(20)+f(12)=20/2*3+12/2*3=48
-----------------------------------------X lend out Rs. 9 to Y on condition that the amount is payable in 10 months by 10 equal installments of
Rs. 1 each payable at the start of every month.
What is the rate of interest per annum if the first installment has to be paid one month from the date
the loan is availed.

X lent out Rs. 9 for 10 months and in return he wants his 9 Rs back + interest on it for 10 months.
You know banks levy pre-payment charges on loans it lends out.
Same concept applies here.
Y pays 1 re at the end of first month, but he also has pay interest on it for remaining 9 months.

similarly at the end of 2 month he pays another 1 Re plus interest on remaining 8 months.
if he goes this way he ends up paying Rs 10 + interest on Re.1 (his installment) for 45 months.
Therefore Rs 9 + interest on it for 10 months or you can say
Rs 9 + interest on Re. 1 for 90 months = Rs. 10 + interest on Re. 1 for 45 months.
Solve and you'll get interest on Re. 1 for 45 months is Re. 1.
Therefore 100% in 45 months
or 100/45 * 12 annually.
---------------------------------------------A train X starts from Agra at 5 pm and reaches Delhi at 10pm Another train Y starts from Delhi at 7pm
and reaches Agra at 11pm.At what time trains will meet?

there is an explanation given for this question as:"Time ratio of Train X to Train Y is 5:4. The Distance covered by trains respectively will be in ration 4:5.
Train X leaves at 5 PM and Y leaves at 7 PM. That means that train X will have travelled two hours before
train Y leaves.Now from 7 PM to 10 PM, divide the time frame in 9 points ( corresponding to distance
5+4=9) each frame equating to 20 mins. The point where both train meets will be in ration 4:5 i.e. 4*20
mins = 80mins. Therefore trains will meet at 7 + 1 Hr 20 Mins. i.e. 8:20 PM"

---------------------------For a right angled triangle, the inradius is given as (a+b-c)/2

---------------------------Find the number of common terms in the following two progressions: 4, 8, 16, 32------- upto 1000 terms
and 5, 8, 11, 14, -------- upto 1000 terms.

5,8,11,14,... is of the form 3k+2. Last term is 3002

2^n is of form 3k+2 when n is odd.
less than 3002 --> 5 odd values of n. (without considering n=1)
-------------------------------------------

In how many different ways three persons A, B, C having 6, 7 and 8 one rupee coins respectively can
donate Rs.10 collectively.

a+b+c=10.... 12c2
as a is less than or equal to 6 so a'+b+c=3....... 5c2
similarly... a+b'+c=2...... 4c2
a+b+c'=1=3c2 ways

total... 12c2-5c2-4c2-3c2= 47

OR

By Multinomial Theorem
Let x1, x2, ......, xm be integers. Then number of solutions to the equation
x1 + x2 + ... + xm = n ... (1)
subject to the conditions a1 < x1 < b1, a2 < x2 < b2, ..., am < xm < bm .... (2)
is equal to the coefficient of x^n in (x^a1 +x^(a1+1) +......+x^b1 )(x^a2 +x^(a2+1) +.....+x^b2 ).....(x^am
+x^(am+1) +......+x^bm )......(3)
This is because the number of ways in which sum of m integers in (1) subject to given
conditions (2) equals n is the same as the number of times x^n
comes in (3). Using this we get
the number of non negative integral solutions of (1) is given by (n+m-1)C(m-1) and number of
positive integral solutions of (1) is given by (n-1)C(m-1).

So here we have,
The number of ways in which they can denote Rs.10 is the same as the number

of solutions of the equation x1 + x2 + x3 = 10

subject to conditions 0 < x1 < 6, 0 < x2 < 7, 0 < x3 < 8
Hence the required number of ways
= coefficient of x10 in (1+x+x^2+...+x^6)(1+x+x^2+...+x^7)(1+x+x^2+...+x^8)
= coefficient of x10 in (1-x^7)(1-x^8)(1-x^9)(1-x)-3
= coefficient of x10 in (1-x^7-x^8-x^9)(1+(3C1)x + (4C2)x^2+ (5C3)x^3+...+(12C10)x^10)
(ignoring powers higher than 10)
= 12C2 - 5C3 - 4C2 - 3C1
= 66 - 10 - 6 - 3 = 47
---------------------------------------------------------------------what will be the last non zero digit of 43521!

R(43521!) = Last digit of 2^8704 * R(8704!) * R(1!)

as 43521 = 5*8704 + 1
2^8704 has last digit as 6.
Further, R(8704!) = Last digit of 2^1750 * R(1750!) * R(4!)
and so on...
------------------------------------What is the coefficient of a2c2e2 in the expansion
of (a)(a + b)(a + b + c) (a + b + +
f)?

To get the term a2c2e2 we must select 2as, 2cs and

2es each forma different bracket.Also, the coefficient
of a2c2e2 is the number ofways inwhich this selection

can be done. Now, e cannot be selected fromthe first

4 brackets. So, e must be selected from the last two
brackets (only 1 way). After 2 e have been selected
2 cs can be selected in 1 way
(3rd & 4th bracket) and then 2 as can be selected in
1 way (first 2 brackets).
So the coefficient of a2c2e2 is 1.
---------------------------------------------A train leaves Delhi at 6 a.m. and reaches Agra at 10 a.m. Another train leaves Agra at 8 a.m. and
reaches Delhi at 11.30 am. At what time do the two trains cross each another?

Let A leave delhi at 6 am and B agra at 8 am . 1.The meeting will happen between 8am and 10pm as
train b leaves at 8am and A reaches agra at 10pm . 2.
Ratio of time and speed will be inversly proportional we are given ratio of time 8/7. So ratio of speed 7/8
.2.Speed is proportional to distance so ratio of distance 7/8 .
so A will travel for 7/15 of time between 8 and 10am. Thus (7/15 *120)=56mins thus they meet at
8.56am

-----------------------------------find the 15th term of the equation: (5a+b)^16

common formula is :
T(k+1)= nCk. x^(n-k).y^k

So, we have T(14+1) = 16C14.(5a)^2(b)^14

--------------------------------------------Nuimber of ways of choosing 2 squares on chess board such that

A)They have exactly one corner

B)They have a common side

same corner :
check diagonally for every two sqaures...
2*7+4*(1+2+3+4+5+6) =14+84 =98

same side: check horizontally or vertically for every two squares

horizontal in every row..7 ..we have eight rows ..so it will be 8*7=56
similarly vertical:56
Total =112
-----------------------------------------------The sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are 9,10,12,16. If one of the diagonals is 14,find the other diagonal??

Ptolemy's theorem
If a quadrilateral is inscribable in a circle then the product of the measures of its diagonals is equal to the
sum of the products of the measures of the pairs of opposite sides.
-------------------------------------------A+B+C=180. find number of integral solutions such that A,B and C are all natural numbers less than or
equal to 90.

a+b+c=180...total sol 179c2...now we need to deduct cases wen a b or c are more than
90....a=a'+90....a'+b+c=90..total sol 89c2...
now for b and c also there will be same cases...so 89c2*3.....
179c2 - 3*89c2 =4183
-------------------------------------------------

In the expansion of (a + b + c)^30, how many terms are there with at least one power of a, one power of
b and one power of c ?

(a + b + c)^30 =
(a + b + c) * (a + b + c) * (a + b + c)* (a + b + c) ....30 terms.
Each of these terms gives a/b/c To produce terms in the final expansion.
(a + b + c) * (a + b + c) * (a + b + c)* (a + b + c) ....30 terms.
a * c * a * b ........... . If you count all the a/b/c you'll have 30 alphabets. Count(a/b/c) in each term in the
final expansion is 30
so No(a) + No(b) + no(c)=30
==No of Solutions of x + y+ z = 30
--------------------------------------------Product of n consecutive integers is divisible by n!.
------------------------------------How many terms in the expansion of are integers?
((3^1/5 +13^1/8))^1000

, 5a+8b = 1000
a,b are non negative. First solution, say, a = 0,b=125
Second, a = 8, b = 120.
a will increase in AP and b will decrease in AP. Since we have a lower bound, we consider the decreasing
AP. No. of terms = 125/5 +1 = 26.
---------------------------------------In how many ways can you wear 6 distinct rings in 5 fingers?

when distinct objects are distributed among distinct groups... such that their arrangment matters.. the
no of distributions is (n+r-1)!/(r-1)!

So ans is 10!/4!
-----------------------------------------find the number of non -negative integral solution of x+y+z+4t =20.
ans=536.

Put t = 0,1,2,3,4,5
The equations will become
x+y+z=20 no of solutions = 22C2
x+y+z=16 = 18C2
x+y+z=12 = 14C2
x+y+z=8 = 10C2
x+y+z=4 =6C2
x+y+z=0 = 1
Add all = 536
-------------------------------How many ordered pairs (a, b) exist such that LCM of a and b is 2^3 5^7 11^13 (a, b element f N)?

formula (2x+1)(2y+1)(2z+1)
ans: 2835
-----------------------------if x+2y+3z=12 ... minimum value of x^2+4y^2+9z^2??

(x)^2+(2y)^2+(3z)^2* (1^2+1^2+1^2)>= (x*1+2y*1+3z*1)^2

(x)^2+(2y)^2+(3z)^2* 3 >= 12^2=144
(x)^2+(2y)^2+(3z)^2* >= 144/3=48 using Cauchy-Schwartz inequality

Another example is
if x+y+z=14, then find the least value of x^2+4y^^+9z^2

Now ,
(x^2+4y^^+9z^2)*(1+(1/2)^2 + (1/3)^2)=(x+2y(1/2) + 3z(1/3))^2
so, (x^2+4y^^+9z^2)>=(196/(49/36))
so, (x^2+4y^^+9z^2)>=144
----------------------------------------How many points with integer co-ordinates lie inside the triangle whose vertices are (0, 2), (5, 3) and
(5, 3)

Area = I + B/2 -1
1/2 * 10*5 = I + (20/1) -1
I = 16

I - points inside the closed shape.

B - Points on the boundary ( 20 here)
---------------------------------------sum of the coefficients in the expansion (3+2x)^99

we need to put x=1 whenever sum of coeff is asked in bionomial que

So ans is 5^15.
-------------------------------------------f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y) and f(3)=9 find f(20)??? options 60 80 20 9

when f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y) then the function is of the form f(x) = k*x ,Since f(3)=9 =3*3 so k=3
So f(20)=3*20=60
---------------------------------------------If x, y and z are whole numbers such that x y, = then how many solutions are possible for the
equation x + y + z = 36?

The total number of solutions for x + y + z = 36, if x, y

and z are whole numbers is given by
= 703.
The number of solutions where x = y will be 19 {from
(x, y) = (0, 0) to (18, 18)}.
The number of solutions where x is not equal to y
= 703 19 = 684
Among these 684 solutions, half will have x > y and
the rest will have y > x.
Hence, the total number of solutions where x y =
=19+(684/2)=361
------------------------------------How many divisors of 25200 can be expressed in the form 4n + 3, where n is a whole number?

As the required divisors when divided by 4 leave

remainder 3, the power of 2 in the divisors has to be 0.
Therefore, any such divisor is of the form 3

a
5
b
7
c
,
which when divided by 4 leaves the remainder
(1)^a (1)^b (1)^c

For the remainder to be 3 i.e. 1, one of a or c must

be even/0 and the other should be odd. Also, b can
take all the three possible values without making a
difference to the remainder.
The nine possibilities are listed below:
a = 0, b = 0, c = 1
a = 2, b = 0, c = 1
a = 1, b = 0, c = 0
a = 0, b = 1, c = 1
a = 2, b = 1, c = 1
a = 1, b = 1, c = 0
-----------------------------------A = {3, 23, 43 ..603} and S is a subset of A. If the sum of no two elements of S is more than
606, then what can be the maximum possible number of elements in S?

The terms of set A form an A.P. with first term 3 and

common difference 20.

The number of terms in set
A=(603-3)/20 + 1 = 31.
Let ath and bth terms of set A be the largest and the
second largest terms of set S.
3 +20(a-1)+3+20(b-1)<= 606
20(a+b)+6-40 <=606
(a+b)<=32
Maximum (a, b) = (16, 15)
Thus, sum of any two elements of set A up to the 16
th
term will always be less than 606. Hence, the maximum
possible number of elements in set S is 16.
----------------------------------------------In how many ways can 18 identical balls be distributed among 3 identical boxes?

(i) Let the box with the smallest number of balls does
not contain any ball. Then 18 balls can go into 2 identical
boxes in 10 ways (0, 18), (1, 17).... (9, 9).
(ii) Let the box with the smallest number of balls contains
1 ball. Then 17 balls can go into 2 identical boxes in 8
ways (1, 16), (2, 15).... (8, 9).
(iii) Let the box with the smallest number of balls
contains 2 balls. Then 16 balls can go into 2 identical
boxes in 7 ways (2, 14), (3, 13).... (8, 8).

(iv) Let the box with the smallest number of balls

contains 3 balls. Then 15 balls can go into 2 identical
boxes in 5 ways (3, 12), (4, 11).... (7, 8).
(v) Let the box with the smallest number of balls
contains 4 balls. Then 14 balls can go into 2 identical
boxes in 4 ways (4, 10), (5, 9).... (7, 7).
(vi) Let the box with the smallest number of balls
contains 5 balls. Then 13 balls can go into 2 identical
boxes in 2 ways (5, 8) and (6, 7).
(vii) Let the box with the smallest number of balls
contains 6 balls. Then 12 balls can go into 2 identical
boxes in just 1 way (6, 6).
The number of possible ways
= 10 + 8 + 7 + 5 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 37
------------------------------------------------The function f(x) is defined for all positive values of x and y as f(xy) = f(x) + f(y). Also, f(2) = 2 and
f(3) = 3. What is the value of f(32/27)?

f(xy) = f(x) + f(y)

Putting y = 1, we get
f(x) = f(x) + f(1)
Hence, f(1) = 0.
Putting y=1/x,
f(1)=f(x)+f(1/x)=0
so, f(x)= -f(1/x)

also,
f(x^2)=f(x)+f(x)=2f(x)
f(x^3)=f(x^2)+f(x)=3f(x)
thus f(x^n)=nf(x)
hence f(32)=f(2^5)=5f(2)=10
and f(27)=3f(3)=9
so f(32/27)=f(32)+f(1/27)=f(32)-f(27)=10-9=1
--------------------------------------------A society of 380 people organized a tournament comprising three different games. The number of
people who participated in at least two games was 42% more than those who participated in exactly one
game. At least one person participated in exactly n games, where n = 1, 2, 3. If the number of people
who did not participate in any of the three games was minimum possible, then what was the maximum
possible number of people who participated in exactly two games?

[a+b+c]142/100=[d+e+f+g]
[a+b+c]71/50=d+e+f+g]
put [a+b+c]=150...[d+e+f+g]=213..total=363.
so 17 didn't participate
max value of d+e+f=213-1=212
-------------------------------------------------In ?ABC, D is the midpoint of BC. E is a point on AC such that AE : EC = 2 : 1 and F is a point on AB such
that AF : FB = 3 : 1. Line segments AD and FE intersect at point O. What is the ratio of the area of ?DOF
to the area of ?DOE?

9:8, O divides AD in the ratio 17:24.

so area of DOF= (1-17/24)*9
---------------------------------------

How many ordered pairs (a, b) exist such that LCM of a and b is 2^3 5^7 11^13 (a, b are both Natural
nos)?

Number of ordered pairs = 2x+1 * 2y+1 *2z+1

x=3; y=7;z = 13

Number of ordered pairs = 2835

--------------------------------------If x+y+z=36 then what will be maximum value of (x3)(y4)(z5)?

x+y+z=36... (x-3)+(y-4)+(z-5)=24.. now to have their max product they need to be equal so 8*8*8=512
-----------------------------------------In a football match, maximum 11 players can play on field with 4 substitutions which can be made any
number of times. What will be the time any player spend on the field if each of the 15 players spends
equal amount of time in the field? Total duration of match is 90 min.

Ans : 66mins
Solution :
Total No Of Players(15) * 'x'(Equal time spent by each player) = 90 * 11(No of players at one time on
field)
=> 15x = 990
=> x = 66
----------------------------------------A function f(x) is defined as (x + 1) f(x + 1) + x f(x) + (x 1) f(x 1) = 0 for x = 2. If f(1) = 40 and f(6) =
180, find the value of f(14)

3f(3)+2f(2)+f(1)=0...
4f(4)+3f(3)+2f(2)=0....
4f(4)-2f(2)-f(1)+2f(2)=0...
4f(4)=f(1).....similarly u can prove5f(5)=2f(2)....6f(6)=3f(3) and so on.....
6f(6)=3f(3)...so f(3)=360
then f(2)=-560........
now cyclicity follows and 14f(14)=2f(2).....sof(14)=-560/7=-80
---------------------------------------------The LCM and HCF of a pair of numbers is 1232 and 14 respectively. How many such pairs are possible?

Consider two numbers

a = h*f1
b = h*f2
where h is the hcf and f1 and f2 are coprimes.

HCF = h
LCM = h*f1*f2

h = 14
f1*f2 = 88 = 2^3 * 11

Now find the number of ways of writing a number as a product of two coprimes. :- 2^(n-1) where n are
the number of prime factors.

In this case it is 2 which is 1*88 and 8*11 .

So numbers are
a = 14*1 and b = 14*88
OR
a = 14*8 and b = 14*11
4 such pairs are possible... (14,1232), (28,616), (56, 308), (112,154)
----------------------------------------------