IJMRSs International Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Physical Sciences Vol.

01, Issue 01, March 2013 ISSN 2320-9992

A Mathematical Model for Newtonian and Non -Newtonian Flow

through Tapered Tubes in Presence of Porous Medium

Janamejay Singh
Department of Mathematics, Aligarh College of Engineering and Technology
jjmathematics@gmail.com

(2007) investigated a non linear mathematical model for

blood flow through tapered tubes.
In this we consider the work of Sanjeev Kumar and Sanjeet
Kumar (2009) with porous medium. The aim of present
investigation is to study the effect of magnetic field on a
mathematical model for Newtonian and non Newtonian
flow through tapered tube.

Abstract
The investigate of this paper to study the effect of porous medium
on a mathematical for Newtonian and non- Newtonian flow throw
through tapered tubes. In this model we take a steady and laminar
flow of Newtonian and non Newtonian fluid, Navire -Stocks
equations are used in the formulation of the model. In this work,
we take numbers up to 10 for Newtonian fluid and 5.7 for non
Newtonian fluid and taper angle is 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25
pressure gradient. Here Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids
were examined in the presence of magnetic field. The
experimental datas were compared with theoretical predictions.

2. Mathematical model
The tube dimensions are the actual are given
in the table and the geometry of the tapered artery
in fig. (1)

Keywords: Mathematical model, Newtonian and non

Newtonian fluid, tapered tubes, Magnetic field.
1. Introduction
The study of flow through tapered conduits is important not
only for an understanding of the blood flow behavior in
arteries but also for the design of prosthetic blood vessels.
Localized narrowing in a blood vessel is commonly
referred to as stenosis. This vascular disease is of
frequently occur, particular in mammalian arteries. The
intimal thickening of stenotic artery was understood as an
early process in the beginning of atherosclerosis.
In this study pressure drop, pressure gradient and flux were
measured in rigid walled model of tapered grafts under
steady flow conditions. Both Newtonian and non
Newtonian fluids were examined and the experimental data
were compared with theoretical predictions pressure drop
flow rate data were obtained in all four test section for both
Newtonian and non Newtonian flow. Walawender et.
Al.(1972) worked on experimental studies on the blood
flow through tapered tube. Oka (1973) gave an idea
pressure development in a non Newtonian flow through
tapered tube, while Walawender and Chen (1975) discussed
about blood flow in tapered tubes. Wang et. Al. (2004)
worked on numerical study of pulsating flow through a
tapered artery with stenosis. Mandal (2005) discussed about
an unsteady analysis of non Newtonian blood flow through
tapered arteries with a stenosis. Kumar et. al. (2006)
worked on the numerical study axisymmetric blood flow in
a constricted rigid tube, while Shankar and Hemlatha

Figure 1

Here we also assume that the fluid is

incompressible and Newtonian. The flow is fully
developed laminar axially symmetric flow, we will
employ circular cylindrical co-ordinate r , , z be
state the problem mathematically and choose the z
axis along the axis of the tube. The flow of fluid is
governed by the Navier- stokes equations.
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IJMRSs International Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Physical Sciences Vol. 01, Issue 01, March 2013 ISSN 2320-9992

For

Vr Vr Vr 1 P Vr Vr 1Vr Vr
+Vr +Vz = +v 2 + 2 +

t
r
z r r z r r r2
2

Newtonian

Vr V z
+

r
z

(1.1)

F (t ) =

Vz Vz Vz 1 P Vz 1Vz Vz
+Vz +Vz =
+v +
+ VZ
t
r
z z r2 r r r2 k
2

(1.2)
The equation of continuity is

Putting this value in relation 1.4 and

integrate then we obtained rate of
volumetric flow:

R 4 ( z ) dp
Q=

8 dz

(1.3)
Oka and Murata (1969) presented general
theory of steady non Newtonian flow
through tapered tubes but their solution
was restricted to small angles of

(1.7)

taper ( 1) , they observed an

expression for Q the rate through any
cross section.
The general formula of volumetric flow
through a slightly tapering tube for any
time independent fluid characterized by F
(t):

The pressure drop P is given as:

Q=

V
=e=

r
.(1.6)

1
(r .Vr ) + Vz = 0
r r
z

P =

8 Q

= R0

( z )dz

to

fig

(1)

(z)

z tan and for small values of

is the wall shear stress which is

z , where R0 = L1 ,

Then we get:

function of z and is the shear stress and

R is the radius of tapered tube at a point
z.

P =

Then w is given as

1
2

According

R (z) = R0

(1.8)

(1.4)

Here

R ( z ) 2
F ( t )dt
w3 ( z ) 0
3

fluid

8 Q 3
(L2 L1 3 )
3 4
(1.9)

For non Newtonian fluid which obeys the

power low equation:

dp

dz

w = R( z )

F( t ) =
(1.5)

du
= k 3
dr
(1.10)

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IJMRSs International Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Physical Sciences Vol. 01, Issue 01, March 2013 ISSN 2320-9992

Putting this value in eq (1.4), then we get

Newtonian flow

rate of volumetric flow:

2

dp
R n +3
n+3
dz

1.5
flu x

Q=

1
0.5

(1.11)

0
0

Simplifying

this

equation

0.25

0.5

and

0.75

1.25

Graph-3

Graph-4

1.5

radius of artery
Graph-1

Graph-2

integrate then we obtain:

P =

2n
3

( n+3 / n )

Q( n + 3 ) 3 / n
3 / n
K L2 L1

Fig 2: Plot of volumetric flow rate against radius of tapered

artery for Newtonian flow

(1.12)

3. Results and Discussion

The results have been numerically workout for various
combinations of the parameters involved in the solutions In
this model tapered tube cast in square section moulds and
take taper angles were 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and these values
are called nominal. Table for Dimension of tapered tubes:

Non-Newtonian Flow
2

F lu x

1.5

Norma
l

Actua
l

0.50
0.75
1.0
1.25

0.49
0.72
0.93
1.23

Re (mm
)
4.62
4.52
4.35
4.27

L1 (cm)

L2 (cm)

0.5
0

53.08
36.15
26.01
20.51

37.12
20.19
12.17
10.51

0.25

0.5

0.75

1.25

1.5

Radius of artery
Graph-1

graph-2

Graph-3

Graph-4

Fig 3: Plot of volumetric flow rate against radius of tapered

artery for Non-Newtonian flow.
It is observed from fig (2) in the presence of porous
medium we obtained pressure drop, flux and pressure
gradient with rigid tapered grafts (for Newtonian and non
Newtonian fluids). The results show that if we take
Newtonian fluid flux. Pressure drop and pressure gradient
are increases. We also observed from fig(3) in presence of
porous medium these increments are due to small if we take
non Newtonian fluid tapered grafts then the taper o tubes
does not change the flow patterns but only changes the
value.

References
[1] Oka, S. and Murata, T.(1969): Theory of the steady slow
motion of non -newtonian fluids through a tapered tube
Japan journaj of Applied physicsvolume8,pp 5-8.
[2] Walawender, W. P. ,Tine, C. And Cerny, L.C.(1972):
Experimentalstudies on the blood flow throughout tapered
tubes, international Journal Engg. Science, vol.10, pp 11231135.
[3] Oka, S.(1973): pressure development in a non-Newtonian
flow through a tapered tube, biorheology, vol.10 pp 207-212.
[4] Walawender, W.P. and Chen, T.Y.(1975): Blood flow in
tapered tubes,Microvasc.Res. vol.9,pp 190-205.
[5] Wang, X.J., Liu,G.T.,Ali,B.Q And Liu,L.G.(2004):
Numerical study of pulsating flow through a tapered artery
with stenosis,Chinese J.of physics, vol 42,No.4-I.
[6] Mandal, P.K. (2005): An unsteady analysis of nonNewtonian blood flow through tapered arteries with a

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IJMRSs International Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Physical Sciences Vol. 01, Issue 01, March 2013 ISSN 2320-9992

stenosis, Journal of Non Linear Mechanics, vol.40,pp 151164.

[7] Kumar S. and Kumar, S.(2006): Numerical study of the
axisymmetric blood flow in a constricted rigid tube,
International review of pure and applied Mathematics, vol.
2(2), pp. 99-109.
[8] Sankar, D.S. and Hemalatha, K.(2007): Non-Linear
mathematical models for blood flow through tapered tubes,
Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol.188, pp. 567-582.

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