EXPERIMENT 3

AMPLITUDE MODULATION

1.0

2.0

3.0

OBJECTIVES:

1)

To understand the characteristic of Amplitude Modulation.

2)

To understand and measure the percentage of Amplitude Modulation

EQUIPMENTS & ACCESSORIES:

2.1

Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) TDS 2022 (1 unit)

2.2

Function Generator A (FG-8020C) (1 unit)

2.3

Function Generator B (GFG-3105) (1 unit)

2.4

BNC to BNC cable (1 unit)

2.5

BNC to crocodile clip cable (3 unit)

2.6

Probe cable (2 unit)

PROCEDURE :

Part 1: To understand and observe Amplitude Modulation

A) External signal (with modulating signal and carrier signal)

1.

Calibrate the oscilloscope for both Channel 1 and Channel 2.

2.

Set the frequency of function generator A to 500 Hz (Modulating signal) and

function generator B to 5 kHz (Carrier Signal).

3.

Set both function generators A and B to sine wave, 2 Vp-p. Monitor the signals
on DSO.

EKT 231 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

4.

Set up the circuit as shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1

5. Press the button to AM for Amplitude Modulation (AM) at Function Generator B.

6. Then, press button MOD ON. Next, press SHIFT, RATE button to enable external
function at Function Generator B.
7. Increase the amplitude Function Generator A from 2 Vp-p to 10 Vp-p and observe the
changes in the waveform.
8. Observe the output of modulated waveform. Take the maximum Vp-p and minimum
Vp-p value to calculate the percentage of the modulated waveform by using
modulation depth (modulation index) ;
m

(V max V min)
(V max V min)

Percentage Modulation = m x 100%

9. Tabulate your reading in Table 1.

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B) Internal signal

1.

Calibrate the oscilloscope.

2.

Set up the circuit as shown in Figure 2 below.

Figure 2

3. Set the minimum frequency for modulating wave to 1 MHz.

4. Adjust the amplitude to of function generator B to have an output of
2 Vp-p at DSO.
5. Press SHIFT, RATE to disable external function and enable the internal function at
Function Generator B.
6. Observe and record the modulated AM waveform in Table 2. Press RUN/STOP
button to view the waveform.
7. Calculate the modulation index and percentage of modulation and record in Table 2.

Part 2: Measuring AM in Frequency domain using Spectrum Analyzer

1. Change the frequency of function generator A to 50 kHz (Modulating signal) and

function generator B to 1 MHz (Carrier Signal).
2. Setup the circuit as shown in Figure 3 below.

EKT 231 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

SPE
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TR
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A
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A
L
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Z
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R

R
FO
ut

Figure 3

3. On the spectrum analyzer, set up initialization (factory default) by pressing < shift >,
< config (preset) >.
4. Press < freq > and enter 1 MHz value to set the center frequency. Press < span > and
enter 500 kHz value to set the span relatively to center frequency.
5. Press < level > and enter 30 dBm value to set the reference level for the measured
signal.
6. Sketch and label completely the AM signal in frequency domain for Vm = 6 Vp-p in
Figure 4.

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Experiment 3: Amplitude Modulation

Name: ______________________________________________

4.0

Matric no: _______________

RESULTS
A) External signal:

Channel 2

Channel 1

Percentage of m,
Modulation

Vp-p

Vmaxp-p

Vminp-p

%m

index, m

2 Vp-p

4 Vp-p

6 Vp-p

8 Vp-p

10 Vp-p
Table 1

B) Internal signal:
Modulated AM waveform

Modulation index, m and %m

Vmax =
Vmin =

Table 2
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Frequency domain using spectrum analyzer:

Figure 4
5.0

CONCLUSION

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EKT 231 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM