Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Litere i tiine Sociale, Nr.

3/2009

ROLUL OMBUDSMANULUI

THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN

EUROPEAN

OMBUDSMAN

Alexandru JIANU,
Universitatea Constantin Brncui din
Trgu-Jiu

Alexandru JIANU,
Constantin Brncui University of TrguJiu

Rezumat
Lucrarea analizeaz rolul Ombudsmanului n
supravegherea acitivtii administraiei publice n
ceea ce privete relaiile acesteia cu cetenii

Abstract
The paper analyses the role of the Ombudsman
on supervising the activity of the public adminisration
in what concerns its relations with the citizens

Cuvinte cheie: administraie, cetean, liberti,

drepturi fundamentale, ombudsman

Key words: administration, citizen, liberties,

fudamental rights, ombudsman

Instituia Ombudsmanului European a

fost nfiinat prin Tratatul de la Maastricht n
1992. n 1995, Parlamentul European a ales
primul Ombudsman European, n persoana
domnului Jacob Sderman, care a fost avocat
al poporului i ministru al justiiei n
Finlanda. n octombrie 1999, Parlamentul
European l-a reales pe domnul Sderman
pentru un mandat de cinci ani. Parlamentul
European trebuie s numeasc Ombudsmanul
European la nceputul mandatului su i pe
durata acestuia, alegndu-l dintre persoane
care sunt ceteni ai Uniunii i care prezint
toate garaniile necesare privind independena
i competena. Ombudsmanul European
trebuie s i ndeplineasc ndatoririle
pstrndu-i independena total i trebuie s
se angajeze solemn n faa Curii de Justiie a
Comunitilor Europene c va aciona n acest
mod n ndeplinirea ndatoririlor sale.
n prezent, Ombudsmanul European
este P. Nikiforos Diamandouros, acesta fiind
avocatul poporului naional al Greciei, i ales
acum de Parlamentul Europei, deintor al
postului ncepnd cu 1 aprilie 2003.
Experiena
pozitiv
a
bunei
funcionri a ombudsmanilor din diferite state
europene
a
determinat
instituiile
internaionale s analizeze cu seriozitate
ideea
constituirii
unui
ombudsman

The institution of the European

Ombudsman has been created by the
Maastricht Treaty in 1992. In 1995, the
European Parliament has elected the first
European ombudsman, Mr. Jacob Soderman,
who has been the peoples advocate and
ministry of justice in Finland. In October
1999, the European parliament has reelected
Mr. Soderman for a five years mandate. The
European parliament has to elect the
European Ombudsman at the beginning of its
mandate and all along its duration, being
elected from the citizens of E.U. and which
have all the necessary warranties concerning
the independence and the competence. The
European Ombudsman has to fulfill all his
obligations keeping his total independence
and he has to solemn commit in front of the
European Communitys Court of Justice that
he will act as committed in fulfilling his
obligations.
Right now the European Ombudsman
is P. Nikiforos Diamandouros, ex peoples
advocate in Greece, elected by the European
Parliament, holder of the mandate starting
with 1 April 2003.
The positive experience of the good
functioning of the other ombudsman from
various member states has determined the
international institutions to seriously analyze

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supranaional, cu scopul de a apra drepturile

fundamentale ale omului n faa autoritilor
administrative.
Utilitatea
de
netgduit
a
Ombudsmanului n rile care au receptat
aceast instituie i rspndirea sa extrem de
rapid n aproape toate statele europene, n
special n a doua jumtate a secolului trecut,
au condus la consacrarea unei instituii
echivalente i la nivelul Uniunii Europene.
Comisia i-a nceput lucrrile prin
convocarea repetat a ombudsmanilor
europeni, n vederea consultrii lor, ca baz a
unei eventuale decizii. Astfel, la 24 ianuarie
1985 la Bruxelles s-au desfurat lucrrile
sesiunii de lucru, convocat de Parlamentul
European, la care au participat, pe lng
membrii Comisiei de specialitate i
ombudsmanii din statele CEE. Scopul
principal al reuniunii a fost acela de analiz a
posibilitilor de dezvoltare a unui sistem
eficace de colaborare ntre toate aceste
organisme pentru o mai bun protecie a
libertilor i drepturilor omului n Europa
.n acest sens, nc din 1990 Primul
Ministru spaniol, Felipe Gonzales, a avansat
ideea unei cetenii europene, ntr-o scrisoare
adresat celorlali membri ai Consiliului
European; n acest context, se sugera totodat
i crearea unui mecanism susceptibil de a
garanta drepturile speciale care in de statutul
de cetean european. Una din propuneri se
referea la Mediatorul European. Gndit ca
garanie a respectrii drepturilor individului
n condiiile complicrii crescnde a
sistemului administrativ, ombudsman-ul nu
trebuie ns neles ca un avocat al
ceteanului, n sensul juridic al termenului.
Atitudinea sa trebuie s fie imparial. Rolul
su nu este blamarea cu orice pre a
autoritilor administrative, pentru c el nu
reprezint instituionalizarea nencrederii n
administraie, ci ndeplinete o funcie de
mediere.
n rile care au cunoscut o
ndelungat experien a instituiei, asistm la
o colaborare ntre ombudsman i
administraie, scopul fiind asigurarea unei

the idea of creating a supranational

ombudsman, with the purpose of defending
the mans fundamental rights in front of the
administrative authorities.
The Ombudsmans obvious utility
within the countries that have accepted this
institution and its extremely fast spreading in
almost all the European states, especially in
the second half of the past century, lead to the
creation of an equivalent institution within
the European Union. The commission started
its works by convoking one by one the
European ombudsman in order to consult
them so that they could reach a decision.
Therefore at 24 of January 1985 in Bruxelles
took place the meetings of the work session,
called by the European Parliament, where
have participated, among the specialty
Commissions members, the ombudsmen
from the CEE states. The reunions main
purpose was to analyze the possibilities of
developing an effective system of
collaboration between all these organisms for
a better protection of the mans freedom and
rights in Europe.
Therefore, ever since 1990 the
Spanish prime minister, Felipe Gonzales,
came up with the idea of an European
citizenship, in a letter addressed to the other
members of the European Council; within
this context has been inserted the idea of
creating a mechanism capable of guarantying
the special rights that are part of the European
citizen statute. One of the proposals was
referring to the European Ombudsman.
Created as a warranty of respecting
the humans rights under the administrative
systems
growing
complication
circumstances, the ombudsman must not be
seen as citizens lawyer, in the juridical
meaning of the term. Its attitude has to be
impartial. Its role is not to accuse by any
means the administrative authorities, because
it doesnt represent the lack of trust in the
administration, but it fulfills a mediation
function.
In the countries where the institution
has known a long activity, we can observe

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mai eficiente funcionri a acesteia din urm.

Pentru a sublinia aceast colaborare,
precizm c, uneori, orict de neverosimil ar
prea, organele administrative nsele pot
orienta cetenii s se adreseze ombudsmanului i sunt receptive la recomandrile pe care
el le formuleaz. Contextul unei posibile
cooperri cu administraia permite concluzia
c ombudsman-ul ndeplinete i o funcie de
educare a ceteanului n relaiile sale cu
birocraia: adeseori, nemulumirile se
datoreaz nenelegerii motivelor care au stat
la baza deciziilor administrative.
Examinnd plngerile, ombudsman-ul
are rolul de a clarifica aceste nenelegeri,
atunci cnd ele exist.
Desigur, este greu de imaginat c
autoritile administrative sunt ntotdeauna
binevoitoare i c aplic n mod constant
recomandrile care le sunt adresate de ctre
ombudsman. Aici apare spaiul de
manifestare a funciei de protecie a
ceteanului,
deoarece
Ombudsman-ul
sintetizeaz dou laturi n activitatea sa,
dintre care prevaleaz cea de protecie a
drepturilor ceteanului n administraia
public. Figura Ombudsman-ului presupune,
aa cum am precizat, reunirea multor caliti
iar poziia sa n sistemul organelor statului ca instituie care nu dispune de putere proprie
de decizie - l impune s devin o autoritate
de facto.
El este un arbitru critic al
administraiei publice, dar nu un panaceu,
deoarece Ombudsman-ul nu poate legifera n
materie de politic socio-economic i nici
transforma sau influena direct funcionarea
defectuoas a servi Ombudsmanul European
investigheaz
plngerile
privind
administrarea incorect n instituiile i
organele Uniunii Europene. Instituiile includ,
de exemplu, Comisia European, Consiliul
Uniunii Europene i Parlamentul European.
Agenia European a Mediului i Agenia
European pentru Sigurana i Sntatea la
Locul de Munc constituie exemple de
organe ale Comunitii pe care acesta le poate
investiga. Doar Curtea de Justiie i

collaboration between the ombudsman and

the administration, the purpose being the
insurance of a more efficient functioning of
the last one. In order to underline this
collaboration, we can say that, as
unbelievable as it me be, the administrative
institutions themselves can send the citizen to
the ombudsman and are responsive to the
recommendation that it formulates. The
context of a possible cooperation with the
administration leads to the conclusion that the
ombudsman also has a function of educating
the citizen in what concerns his relations with
the bureaucracy; often the discontents are
caused by the misunderstanding of the
reasons that lead to the administrative
decisions. Examining the complaints the
ombudsman
has
to
clarify
these
misunderstandings, when they appear.
Its hard to imagine that the
administrative
authorities
are
always
benevolent and that they apply constantly the
recommendation
addressed
by
the
ombudsman. This is where appears the
function of protecting the citizen, because the
ombudsman has two important directions in
its activity, from which the most important is
to protect the citizens rights in the public
administration. As we have mentioned, the
ombudsman signifies the reunion of many
qualities and its position in the state system
as an institution that doesnt have its own
power of decision turns it into a de facto
authority.
Its a critical judge of the public
administration, but not a cure-all, because the
ombudsman cannot emit laws in the socioeconomical area nor to transform or directly
influence the malfunction of the public
services.
The
European
Ombudsman
investigates the complaints regarding the
defective administration within the European
Union institutions and organisms. These
institutions include, for example, the
European Commission, the European Union
Council and the European Parliament. The
European Agency of Environment and the

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Tribunalul de Prim Instan activnd n rolul

lor juridic nu cad sub incidena acestei
jurisdicii. ntruct Ombudsmanul European,
care poate aciona i din proprie iniiativ,
trebuie s aib acces la toate elementele
necesare pentru ndeplinirea ndatoririlor sale,
instituiile i organismele comunitare sunt
obligate s i furnizeze Ombudsmanului
European, la cererea acestuia, orice informaii
pe care acesta li le solicit, cu excepia
cazurilor n care exist motive suficient de
temeinice sau dispoziii legale sau de
reglementare pentru pstrarea secretului, i
fr
a
aduce
atingere
obligaiei
Ombudsmanului European de a nu divulga
astfel de informaii. Ombudsmanul European
are vaste puteri de investigare. Cu toate
acestea, Ombudsmanul European are
obligaia s informeze autoritile competente
cu privire la faptele pe care le consider c ar
putea intra sub incidena dreptului penal i
care i-au parvenit pe parcursul anchetelor
sale.

European Agency for Safety and Health at

the workplace represent examples of
organisms from the Community that it can
investigate. Only the Court of Justice and The
Magistrates Court cannot be investigated
when they act under their juridical role.
Since the European Ombudsman, that
can act on its own initiative, must have access
to all the necessary elements for the
accomplishment of its duties, the European
organisms and institutions are obliged to
grant him the access to any information
asked, except the cases where there are
enough serious reasons or legal provisions in
order to keep the secret. The European
Ombudsman has ample powers of
investigation but it has the obligation to keep
the confidentiality on any information they
receive
in
accomplishing
its
role.
Nevertheless, the European Ombudsman has
the obligation to inform the competent
authorities regarding the facts that could be
interpreted as criminal facts encountered in
its investigations.

Bibliografie
Bibliography
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