Subba Reddy
INTRODUCTION
G. Subba Reddy
Scalar controllers: Despite the fact that VoltageFrequency (V/F) is the simplest controller, it is the most
widespread, being in the majority of the industrial
applications [2]. It is known as a scalar control and acts by
imposing a constant relation between voltage and frequency,
so as to give nearly constant flux over wide range of speed
variation [3]. More over Constant voltage/hertz control
keeps the stator flux linkage constant in steady state without
maintaining decoupling between the flux and torque [2].
However, this controller does not achieve a good accuracy
in both speed and torque responses, mainly due to the fact
that the stator flux and torque are not directly controlled.
Even though, as long as the parameters are identified, the
accuracy in the speed can be 2% (expect in a very low
speed), and the dynamic response can be approximately
around 50ms [2, 3].
2.
The equivalence between the three-phase and twophase machine models is derived from the simple
observation. The concept of power invariance is introduced
[2, 3, 8]. The reference frames are chosen to arbitrary and
particular cases such as stationary, rotor, and synchronous
G. Subba Reddy
V qss
s 2
V ds = 3
Voss
cos
sin
0 .5
0 .5
0 .5
Vas
V
bs
Vcs
(2)
Vs
t.
e
with respect to the ds-qs axes and the angle e
the
two-phase de- qs windings are transformed into the
hypothetical windings mounted on the de-qe axes [3]. The
voltages on the ds-qs axes can be converted (or resolved)
into the de-qe frame as follows:
s
qs
voltages
and
can be resolved into as-bs-cs
components and can be represented in the matrix form as
cos
sin
1 Vqss
Vas
V = cos( 120 0 ) sin( 120 0 ) 1 V s
bs
ds
Vcs cos( 120 0 ) sin( 120 0 ) 1 Voss
(1)
G. Subba Reddy
(5)
s
ds
s
qs
s
ds
(8)
V Vm Vqs2 Vds2
(9)
j e
In Equation (7), e
is defined as the inverse vector
rotator that converts ds -qs variables into de - qe variables.
The vector V and its components projected on rotating and
stationary axes are shown in Fig 3. The as-bs-cs variables
can also be expressed in vector form. And also:
V V jV
s
ds
1
1
2
Vas Vbs Vcs
3
3
3
2
Vas aVbs a 2Vcs
3
1
j
Vbs
Vcs
3
3
(10)
REFERENCE
d
V Rs I qss
dt
s
qs
s
qs
(12)
Vqs Rs I qs
d
qs e ds
dt
(13)
Vds Rs I ds
d
ds e qs
dt
(14)
(7)
s
qs
d s
ds
dt
e
qds
Vdss R s I dss
(11)
Vqr Rr iqr
d
qr e dr
dt
(15)
Vdr Rr idr
d
dr e qr
dt
(16)
d
qr ( e r ) dr
dt
d
Vdr Rr i dr dr ( e r ) qr
dt
Vqr Rr iqr
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
qm Lm (iqs iqr )
(21)
(22)
(23)
dm Lm (ids idr )
(24)
G. Subba Reddy
eLs
SLm
eLm iqs
Vqs Rs SLs
Rs SLs
eLm
SLm ids
Vds eLs
Vqr SLm
(e r )Lm Rr SLr (e r )Lr iqr
SLm
(e r )Lr Rr SLr idr
Vdr (e r )Lm
(25).
knowing the inputs Vsq, Vsd and e , the currents iqs, ids,
iqr and idr can be solved from Equation (25). If the machine
d m
2 d r
Te TL J
TL J
dt
P
dt
(26)
m =
d
( qs j ds ) je ( qs j ds )
dt
(27)
Or
Vqds R s i qds
d
qds j ( e r ) qds
dt
(28)
Vqdr Rr i qdr
d
qdr j ( e r ) qdr
dt
(29)
Vs Rs I s j e s
(30)
Rr
I r j e r
S
(31)
3 P
Te m I r sin
2 2
(32)
Te
3 P
m xI r
2 2
3 P
Te dm iqr qm I dr
2 2
(33)
(34)
3 P
Te dm iqs qm I ds
2 2
(35)
3 P
Te ds iqs qs I ds
2 2
(36)
3 P
Te Lm (iqs idr ids iqr )
2 2
(37)
3P
( dr i qr qr I dr )
22
(38)
Te
3-LEVEL INVERTER
G. Subba Reddy
Fig 4. Synchronously rotating frame machine models with input voltage and output current transformations.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
G. Subba Reddy
G. Subba Reddy
4.
RESULTS
Value
7.83
7.55
0.4751 H
0.4751 H
0.4535 H
4
0.07
0.001
310V
G. Subba Reddy
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
(a)
660
655
650
645
640
635
630
625
(b)
165
160
155
150
145
140
0.5
1.5
(c)
Time (s)
2.5
Fig. 10: (a) Electromagnetic torque, (b) dc-link voltage, (c) Speed of induction motor.
G. Subba Reddy
10
Fig. 11: (a) Speed of induction motor, (b) dc link voltage, (c) stator currents.
5. CONCLUSION
This paper presented Space vector pulse width
modulation based 3 level inverter for vector controller based
induction motor drive. The main advantage in this proposed
method is incorporated vector control based induction motor
control with multi level inverter. So that the advantages in 3level with SVPWM as increased the performance and life
time of drive. Extensive simulation results are presented
with different case studies. These advantages allow
implementing controllers for electric vehicles; because,
mainly electric vehicles need high starting torque so this is
produce the required torque with minimum torque ripples
and in electric vehicles, operation of drive is depends on
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G. Subba Reddy
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11
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