Homework #1
Fall 2014
Fri. Nov. 14, 2014
b. For a slightly volatile chemical (H = 10-5 atm m3/gmole see Henrys Constant
section of Chapter 5), the value of overall mass transfer coefficient is KA,W =
0.359889 m/day, and other parameters in the solution are the river velocity is vW =
43,200 m/day, river area per unit volume is av = 2.59 m-1, and distance to the inlet to
the municipal water treatment plant is 100 km. Show that CA,W / CA,W(o) = 0.1154.
c. Reaction loss: Add a first-order biodegradation reaction loss term (-kB CA,W) to the
mass balance equation and repeat the derivation in part a. Show that the solution is
,
,
d. For a first-order biodegradation rate constant of kB = 0.231 d-1 for this chemical in the
river, repeat the calculation in part b and compare to the result in part b. Is the
concentration lower at the inlet to the municipal water treatment plant?
kg 44 gCO2
Change in mole fraction (ppm) of CO2 =
molesCO2
1.5 10 20 moles air
10-6
moles air
This rate of change compares well with the observed rate of change of 0.5%/yr, which
at the current concentration of CO2 is (.005)(360 ppm) = 1.80 ppm/yr.
VT
VA
0.20 m
VW
0.20 m
VS
0.60 m
kg dry soil solids
1,500
m soil
kg oc
0.02
kg dry soil solids
S
f
Basis:MT
1g Benzene
10 kg Benzene
Mass Balance: all mass terms are in grams Benzene; concentrations are mass concentrations.
MT
MS
CA VA
CW VW
CS f S VT
Equilibrium Partitioning:
Henrys Constant: CA
But
RT
CA MW, CW
CA
CA
HP
HC CW
HP
RT
HP
HP : atm m /mole
CW
MW
CW
5.55
10
10
m
mole
atm
K CW
log K
K
CW
K :
1.75
56.23
Re-stating the Mass Balance and substituting in for the equilibrium partitioning, we can express
each term in the right hand side in terms of water concentration, CW, the only unknown in the
equation.
MT
HP
RT
HP
RT
CW VA
VA
CW VW
VW
K CW 10
10
K OC f
f S VT
S VT CW
MT
CW
HP
V
RT A
VW
K f
m
L
10
S VT
1g
5.55
8.206
m water
10 atm
mole
0.20 m
10 m atm
298.15K
K mole
0.20 m
56.2
kg oc
L
0.02
10
kg oc
kg
m
L
1500 kg
1m
m
CW = 0.517 g benzene/m3water
MW
CW VW
0.517
g
0.20 m
m water
0.103 g Benzene
HP
C
RT W
0.117
5.55
8.206
g Benzene
m air
m water
g
mole
0.517
10 m atm
m water
298.15K
K mole
10
atm
CA VA
HP
C
V
RT W A
m water
g
mole
0.517
0.20 m air
10 m atm
m water
8.206
298.15K
K mole
2.35 10 g Benzene
5.55
10
atm
CS
MS
CW K OC
g
L water
m water
56.23
0.001
m water
kg oc
L water
g Benzene
0.029
kg oc
0.517
CW K OC VT fOC S
g
L water
m water
56.23
1.0 m soil 0.001
m water
kg oc
L water
kg oc
kg soil solids
0.02
1,500
0.873 g Benzene
kg soil solids
m soil
0.517
.
87.3 % of Benzene is adsorbed to soil organic carbon.
10.3 % of Benzene is dissolved in soil water.
2.35 % of Benzene is in soil air.