The process of encouraging people to implement efficiently the tasks necessary to deliver
the business or project goals (manager's responsibility as leader, motivator, creator)
Controlling
o Making sure that the resources are in place, that they are being used effectively and that
their use is properly accounted for.
1.1.2. Managerial roles (Henry Mintzberg)
Interpersonal roles:
o The figurehead: the managers represent the org., or the part of it. This role is important for
SME.
o The leader: the managers delegate tasks, motivate and support people to undertake these
tasks.
o The liaison: the managers interact with people from other org.
Informational roles:
o The monitor: the managers identify and acquire information on behalf of the org. It may
involve the processing and storage of information so that it is readily available for use by
decision-makers.
o The disseminator: is concerned with ensuring that available information is passed on within
the org. to information processors and decision-makers. Reports, meetings and
presentations represent formal means of dissemination.
o The spokesperson: is concerned with disseminating information, but to the outside world
rather than internally (sale & marketing staffs, purchasing manager, financial manager)
Decisional roles
o The entrepreneur: is concerned with shaping and making decisions that lead the org.
forward in a significant way. Any manager can take on the entrepreneurial role.
o The disturbance handler: management crisis handler, maintaining the status quo when the
org. has been impacted by a disturbance. This role comes into play only when a crisis
happens.
o The resource allocator: the managers mus prioritize and allocate resources across a variety
of options, they must decide which of the opportunities that offer themselves is the best
one at a particular time.
o The negotiator: is concerned with sharing resources with outside org.
Sales managers negotiate with customers.
Procurement managers negotiate with suppliers.
Finance managers negotiate with investors.
Personnel managers negotiate with employees.
o
o
o
1.5.Type of client
Process consulting can be enhanced by an appreciation of the different types of client involved.
1.6.Modes of consulting
1.9.Provision of information
1.10.
1.11.
1.12.
1.13.
1.14.
1. Initial contact
3. Preliminary analysis
4. Formal proposal
5. Project charter
6. In-depth analysis
7. Implementation
8. Delivery
9. Follow-up
2.8.Pitching the project: the formal proposal and project charter (ref.
Chapter 3)
The formal proposal represents the consultant's statement of what he or she can achieve on behalf
of the client business. It defines what the client will be paying for.
The key functions of the proposal are as follows:
o It provides a concise and efficient means of communicating the objectives of the project to
the client.
o It guides analysis and ensures that investment in information gathering is at an appropriate
level.
o It gives the consulting team a common focus when differentiating tasks and organizing the
project delivery.
o It provides a fixed point of reference which can be referred back to if it is felt the project is
drifting.
o It can be used to manage the expectations of the client.
3.2.4. Manage the financial resources that are spent during the consultant project
Budgets must be set before the project starts so that the resource requirements may be
understood,
3.3.Analysis skills
A consulting exercise must offer the business the chance of moving from where it is 'now' to
somewhere 'new and better'.
2 analysis must be taken:
o Analysis of the business's current situation
o Analysis of the opportunities open to it.
It is essential for a consultant that they are able to process information and draw conclusions,
recognize the external opportunities and challenges the business faces and finally assess the
business's internal condition.
From a consultant's point of view, they need to ensure that any potential clients are not only aware
of them and their capabilities but also have a good (if second-hand) opinion of them. This means
that they have to effectively market themselves, just like any business.
3.5.1. Step 1: Identify potential targets
Depending on the size of the firm, the number of consultants, the skills of the people, define the
target as follow:
o One type of industry
o Firms of a certain size (in term of turnover)
o In geographical terms by region
o With personal contacts of consulting firm's members
o All those requiring a particular product or service
Some consultancies may form 'strategic alliances' with other firms who have complementary skill
sets.
It may be counter-intuitive but a consultant also needs to think about who they do not want to work
with. It could be that a certain firm has standards of ethics that the consultant may feel
uncomfortable with.
4 types of 'buyers' who are all-important when consultants are considering selling their services:
o Economic buyer
o User buyer
o Technical buyer
o Coach
3.5.2. Step 2: Product offering
To understand what will be offered to potential clients: from very specific products to more general
ones.
The structure and management of consulting forms is determined by 2 key factors:
o The degree of customization in the firm's work activities.
o The extent of face-to-face interaction with the client.
3.5.3. Step 3: Competitive review
A Consulting firm need to understand their competitors' services
Personal relationships are often important in selling a consultancy, consultants have to look for
"gaps" where the competitors are not operating (they think customers are too small for them)
3.5.4. Step 4: Promotion of service
Consultants must tell potential customers what they have to offer.
Promotional techniques can be used:
o Face-to-face meetings
o Mailings
o Advertisements
o Links to the website
o Public relation events: speaking at business conferences
o Previous work for a client
3.5.5. Step 5: Sales enquirie
2 types of sales enquiries
o The first is where the client has worked with the consultant before and the consultant has
had an active role in getting the enquiry.
o The second is where the client has not worked with the consulting firm
3.5.6. Step 6: Meeting potential clients
Meeting with the client to discuss the project - is sometimes the hardest as it relies on listening
carefully to the potential client's issues and the reason for their sales call.
It may take quite a few meetings (to ask, even simple questions) and a lot of preparation before the
consultant is clear about what exactly the client needs to address their issue.
4 stages in a sales meeting:
o Preliminaries
o Investigating
o Demonstrating capability
o Obtaining commitment
Define
5.7.2.2.
Measure
5.7.2.3.
Analyse
5.7.2.4.
Improve
5.7.2.5.
Control
One of the key skills that a consultant can bring to a client is the ability to look at the business in a
different way.
Consultants should have their own distinct toolkit which assists them in analyzing the client's
current and future position and in bringing insight into these.
7.2.Capabilities of businesses
7.4.Assessing opportunities
7.4.1. Market research
7.4.2. Secondary research
7.4.2.1.
The internet
7.4.2.2.
7.4.2.3.
7.4.2.4.
Newspaper articles
Depth interviews
7.4.3.2.
7.4.3.3.
7.4.3.4.
Omnibus surveys
7.4.3.5.
7.4.3.6.
Establishing and maintaining a good relationship with the client is key to an effective project.
o The consultant has been asked to help manage a taskforce charged with designing some
new procedures as part of some organization change.
o The consultant has been asked to provide some 'skills training' to a work group with a
history of conflict and dissension.
In order to undertake this kind of practical assessment and to facilitate collaborative
agreements between client and consultant, 3 things are needed:
o A clear understanding of the purposes of a consulting relationship;
o A language for talking about consulting roles;
o The criteria for determining which role might be most appropriate in a given situation
Consultant's responsibility
for client growth
Coach
Partner
Reflective observer
Expert
Being an excellent influencer makes a job easier. Influencing may take the form of gaining
support, inspiring others, persuading people to become their champions, engaging someone's
imagination or creating relationships.
Truly excellent influencing skills require a healthy combination of interpersonal, communication,
presentation and assertiveness techniques.
8.6.Leading a team
8.6.1. Climate: the 'weather' in an organisation
8.6.2. Symptoms that something is wrong
8.6.3. The cause and effect relationship
8.6.4. The lesson
8.7.Challenging constructively
8.7.1. Outcome-frame questions
8.7.2. Outcome-frame thinking
8.7.2.1.
8.7.2.2.
Being assertive
8.7.2.3.
8.7.2.4.
8.7.2.5.
8.7.2.6.
10.1.1. Categorization
10.1.2. Classification
10.1.3. Numerical analysis
10.1.4. Association
10.1.5. Correlation
10.1.6. Causation
10.2.
Mind mapping
10.3.
Brainstorming
10.4.
10.4.1. Flowcharts
10.4.2. Checklists
10.4.3. Pareto analysis
10.4.4. Cause and effect
10.4.5. Histograms
10.4.6. Scatter diagrams
10.4.7. Control charts
10.5.
10.6.
Prioritising
10.6.1.2.
Modifying
10.6.1.3.
Blending
10.
11.1.
Decision-making in organizations
11.2.
11.3.
11.4.
11.5.
11.6.
Organizational orientation
11.7.
Organizational culture
11.8.
Strategy processes
11.9.
11.10.
11.11.
11.
12.1.
12.2.
12.3.
Project budgeting
12.4.
Organizing meetings
12.5.
Organizing workshops
12.6.
The importance of time management and effective time
management
12.6.1. Be aware of time
12.6.2. Prioritize tasks
12.6.3. Anticipate tasks
12.7.
12.8.
12.9.