Penyebab vaginitis

Vulvovaginitis dapat mempengaruhi perempuan dari segala usia dan sangat umum. bentuk
khusus dari vaginitis adalah:

Infeksi
account vaginitis Infectious untuk 90% dari semua kasus pada perempuan usia reproduksi
dan diwakili oleh tiga serangkai:

Kandidiasis: vaginitis yang disebabkan oleh Candida albicans''''(ragi a).

Bakteri vaginosis: vaginitis disebabkan oleh Gardnerella''''(bakteri).

Trikomoniasis: vaginitis disebabkan oleh Trichomonas vaginalis''''(a protozoa

parasit).

Infeksi lain yang kurang umum adalah disebabkan

oleh''''gonore,''''klamidia,''''Mycoplasma,''''herpes,''''campylobacter dan parasit''beberapa''.
infeksi vagina sering (bervariasi antara negara-negara antara 20 sampai 40% dari infeksi
vagina) campuran dari berbagai etiologi, yang menyajikan kasus menantang untuk
pengobatan. Memang, ketika hanya salah satu penyebabnya diobati, patogen lain dapat
memperoleh resistensi dan mendorong kambuh dan kambuh. Faktor utama adalah karena
untuk mendapatkan diagnosis yang tepat dan hilangkan dengan spektrum yang luas antiinfektif (sering juga mendorong efek samping).
Pra-pubescent gadis mungkin juga vaginitis menular, meskipun penyebabnya berbeda dari
yang untuk perempuan:

Bakteri vaginosis: vaginitis yang disebabkan oleh Streptococcus spp''''..

Kebersihan yang tidak benar, yang dapat memperkenalkan bakteri atau iritan lainnya
dari daerah anus ke area vagina.

Keseimbangan pH dalam tubuh remaja perempuan 'tidak kondusif bagi pertumbuhan Candida
albicans'''', sehingga mereka tidak akan kontrak infeksi jamur.

Hormonal
Hormonal vaginitis termasuk vaginitis atrofi biasanya ditemukan di dalam atau setelah
melahirkan wanita postmenopause. Kadang-kadang dapat terjadi pada gadis-gadis muda
sebelum pubertas. Dalam situasi seperti ini dukungan estrogen vagina yang miskin.

Iritasi / alergi
vaginitis iritan dapat disebabkan oleh alergi terhadap kondom, spermisida, sabun, parfum,
douche, pelumas dan air mani. Hal ini juga dapat disebabkan oleh kolam air panas, abrasi,
jaringan, tampon atau obat oles.

Benda asing

Luar Tubuh Vaginitis: tubuh asing (biasanya ditahan tampon sebagian besar atau kondom)
menyebabkan vagina berbau busuk sangat luahan. Pengobatan terdiri dari penghapusan, yang
cincin forsep mungkin berguna. pengobatan lebih lanjut umumnya tidak diperlukan.

Peran PMS
Penyakit Menular Seksual (PMS) bisa menjadi penyebab keputihan. Klamidia dan gonore
pengujian harus dilakukan setiap kali individu yang aktif secara seksual mengeluh keputihan
bahkan ketika leher rahim muncul normal.

Diabetes
Wanita yang menderita diabetes mengembangkan vaginitis infeksi lebih sering daripada
perempuan yang tidak.

Cervicitis
Cervical inflammation; Inflammation - cervix
Last reviewed: February 21, 2010.
Cervicitis is swelling (inflammation) of the end of the uterus (cervix).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Cervicitis is most often caused by an infection, usually caught during sexual activity.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that can cause cervicitis include:

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea

Herpes virus (genital herpes)

Human papilloma virus (genital warts)

Trichomoniasis

However, in a few cases it may be due to:

A device inserted into the pelvic area such as:

o Cervical cap
o

Device to support the uterus (pessary)

Diaphragm

An allergy to spermicides used for birth control or to latex in condoms

Exposure to a chemical

Cervicitis is very common, affecting more than half of all women at some point during their
adult life. Risks include:

High-risk sexual behavior

History of STDs

Many sexual partners

Sex (intercourse) at an early age

Sexual partners who have engaged in high-risk sexual behavior or have had an STD

Bacteria (such as staphylococcus and streptococcus) and too much growth of normal bacteria
in the vagina (bacterial vaginosis) can also cause cervicitis.

Symptoms

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

o After intercourse
o

After menopause

Between periods

Unusual vaginal discharge

o

Does not go away

Gray, white, or yellow color

May have an odor

Painful sexual intercourse

Pain in the vagina

Pressure or heaviness in the pelvis

Note: There may be no symptoms, so it is recommended that certain women be tested for
chlamydia, even if they do not have symptoms.

Signs and tests

A pelvic examination may show:

Discharge from the cervix

Redness of the cervix

Swelling (inflammation) of the walls of the vagina

Tests:

Inspection of the discharge under a microscope (may show candidiasis,

trichomoniasis, or bacterial vaginosis)
Pap smear

Tests for gonorrhea or chlamydia

Rarely, colposcopy and biopsy of the cervix is necessary.

Treatment
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and others.
Drugs called antivirals may be used to treat herpes infections.
Hormonal therapy (with estrogen or progesterone) may be used in women who have reached
menopause (postmenopausal).
When these treatments have not worked or when cervicitis has been present for a long time,
treatment may include:

Cryosurgery (freezing)
Electrocauterization

Laser therapy

Expectations (prognosis)
Simple cervicitis usually heals with treatment if the cause is found and there is a treatment for
that cause.

Complications
Cervicitis may last for months to years. Cervicitis may lead to pain with intercourse
(dyspareunia).

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of cervicitis.

Prevention
Ways to reduce the risk of cervicitis include:

Avoid chemical irritants such as douches and deodorant tampons.

Make sure that any foreign objects you insert into your vagina (such as tampons) are
placed properly. Be sure to follow the guidelines on how long to leave the object
inside, how often to change it, or how often to clean it.

Not having sexual intercourse (abstinence) is the only absolute method of preventing
sexually transmitted cervicitis. A monogamous sexual relationship with someone who
is known to be free of any STD can reduce the risk. Monogamous means you and
your partner do not have sex with any other people.

You can greatly lower your risk of catching an STD by using a condom every time
you have sex. Condoms are available for both men and women, but are most
commonly worn by the man. A condom must be used properly every time.

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the uterine cervix. Infectious cervicitis might be

caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,herpes simplex virus
(HSV), or human papillomavirus (HPV). Trichomonas vaginalis, technically a
vaginal infection, is commonly discussed when discussing cervicitis.
Noninfectious cervicitis might be caused by local trauma, radiation, or
malignancy. The infectious etiologies are significantly more common than the
noninfectious causes, and all possible infectious causes of cervicitis are sexually
transmitted infections (STIs). This article focuses on the infectious etiologies of
cervicitis.

What is vaginitis?
Vaginitis is a term for any infection or inflammation of the vagina.

What are the symptoms of vaginitis?

In general, vaginitis may cause itching, irritation, or abnormal vaginal discharge.
There are a several different kinds of vaginitis, each with their own causes and symptoms:

Yeast infections
Candida or "yeast" infections - Yeast infections of the vagina are probably the most familiar
form of vaginitis. They occur when too much of the fungus Candida grows in the vagina.
Yeast infections produce a thick, white discharge from the vagina that can look like cottage
cheese. The discharge can be watery and often has no smell. Yeast infections usually cause
the vagina and vulva (the area outside the vagina) to become itchy and red.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis - Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection in women of
reproductive age. It is caused by an overgrowth of bacteria that are usually present in the
vagina.
Bacterial vaginosis will often cause a thin, milky vaginal discharge that may have a "fishy"
odor. Many women with bacterial vaginosis have no symptoms and only discover they have it
during a routine gynecologic exam.

Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis - Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by a singlecell parasite. It can cause vaginal itching, burning, and soreness of the vagina and vulva, as
well as burning during urination. Many women with trichomoniasis do not develop any
symptoms.

Causes of Vaginitis
There are many different causes of vaginitis.
Non-infectious vaginitis refers to vaginal inflammation that's due to chemical irritants or
allergies. Spermicides, douches, detergents, fabric softeners, and latex condoms can all
irritate the vaginal lining. Also, some sanitary napkins can cause irritation at the entrance to
the vagina.
Atrophic vaginitis may occur after a woman has reached menopause. It results from lower
hormone (estrogen) levels and the thinning of the vaginal lining caused by them. This makes
the vagina more prone to irritation.
Infectious vaginitis is caused by an infection with bacteria or yeast. Trichomoniasis is caused
by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis and spreads through unprotected sex with an
infected partner. Other types of vaginal infections can occur when a woman has a fistula, an
abnormal passage connecting the intestine to the vagina. This allows stool to enter the vaginal
area, greatly increasing the risk of infections.
Bacterial vaginosis may be due to an imbalance between normally occurring bacteria that
protect the vagina and potentially infectious ones. Cigarette smoking, using intrauterine
devices, douching, and having multiple sexual partners have all been shown to increase the
risk of infection. Bacterial vaginosis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection,
however, since it can occur in women who have never had vaginal intercourse.
Yeast infection, also known as vaginal candidiasis, occurs when there is an overgrowth of
the yeast called Candida that normally lives in the vagina. Yeast infections can occur if you're
taking antibiotics, if you have high levels of estrogen (for instance, during pregnancy), if you
have uncontrolled diabetes, or if your immune system is suppressed. You are also at higher
risk for vaginal yeast infections if you are under stress from a poor diet, lack of sleep, or
illness, or if you are taking an oral contraceptive pill.
Newborns can also have vaginal inflammation and discharge for the first couple weeks of
life, caused by exposure to the mother's estrogen just prior to birth.