Grade 8
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to
reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such materials be reproduced
only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be
used solely in conjunction with the Glencoe Tennessee Science Grade 8 program. Any other
reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly prohibited.
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Student Recording Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
State Performance Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Diagnostic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Indicator Practice for TCAP Achievement Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
iii
The sample questions in this workbook are representative of the questions used on the TCAP
Achievement Test. These questions are only a sample of what you should expect to encounter
on the actual examination.
iv
Overview
The material in this workbook is designed to prepare you for the science portion of the TCAP
Achievement Test. It contains:
Posttest After you have completed the practice worksheet(s), take the Posttest on pages 4146.
Test-Taking Tips
Before the Test:
Be sure to get plenty of sleep the week before the test. A healthy amount of sleep is eight to
nine hours every night.
On the night before the test, try to do something relaxing but stimulating, such as playing a
board game, exercising, or reading an enjoyable book. Cramming the night before the test can
hamper your memory and make you tired.
On the morning of the test, eat a healthy breakfast with fresh foods.
On the morning of the test, clear your mind of any outside distractions so that you will be
better able to focus on the test. If breaks are given during the test, use that time to relax and
clear your mind.
Name
Inq.1
Inq.2
Inq.3
Inq.4
Inq.5
10
11
12
13
T/E.1
T/E.2
T/E.3
T/E.4
Practice Page
14
15
16
17
Indicator
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Test Question
10
11
12
13
14
18
19
20
21
22
Test Question
Need Practice?
Practice Page
Indicator
Test Question
Need Practice?
Practice Page
vi
Need Practice?
Name
(continued)
Indicator
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
Test Question
15
17
18
16
19
20
21
Practice Page
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Indicator
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
Test Question
22
23
24
25
26
Practice Page
30
31
32
33
34
Indicator
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
27
28
29
30
31
32
35
36
37
38
39
40
Need Practice?
Need Practice?
Test Question
Need Practice?
Practice Page
vii
Indicators
Inq.1
Inq.2
Inq.3
Inq.4
Inq.5
Guiding Question:
Indicators
T/E.1
Identify the tools and procedures needed to test the design features of a prototype.
T/E.2
T/E.3
T/E.4
Differentiate between adaptive and assistive bioengineered products (e.g., food, biofuels,
medicines, integrated pest management).
Indicators
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Physical Science
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Standard 9: Matter
Guiding Question 9:
Indicators
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
ix
Indicators
Recognize that electricity can be produced using a magnet and wire coil.
12.2
12.3
Distinguish among the Earths magnetic eld, a magnet, and the elds that surround a
magnet and an electromagnet.
12.4
Distinguish between mass and weight using appropriate measuring instruments and units.
12.5
Determine the relationship among the mass of objects, the distance between these
objects, and the amount of gravitational attraction.
12.6
Illustrate how gravity controls the motion of objects in the solar system.
12.1
Diagnostic Test
1
Group
Number of
Tickets Sold
Adult Females
250
Adult Males
200
Student Females
300
Student Males
150
Senior Citizens
100
bar graph
line graph
pie chart
range graph
It releases heat.
It releases light.
It absorbs heat.
It needs air.
Go on
radioactive groundwater
unattractive power lines
nuclear waste near residential areas
the decline of the coal industry
Go on
Cons
Farm land switched
from food to
fuel production,
increasing the cost
of grain
Lower price
per gallon than
gasoline in some
regions
Lower energy
content than gas;
cost per mile may
be higher
Cuts carbon
monoxide
emissions
Uses huge
amounts of fresh
water
10
Made from
renewable
resources (corn
or other plant
material)
11
1 and 3
2 and 4
1 and 2
3 and 4
Go on
Percentage of Shared
DNA (%)
Geographic Regions
Where Found
W
X
Y
Z
The table above is probably used to answer which of the following questions?
F
G
H
J
13
14
15
liquids
gasses
solids
light
Go on
12
16
Salt dissolved
in water
According to the diagram, which statement best describes what happens to ionic compounds
when they are dissolved?
F They are pulled apart by
water molecules.
G They get larger in size.
17
19
H2SO4
Sulfuric Acid
18
Na
Salt in water
before dissolving
H H H O
O
H
O Cl
H
l
H
C Na
Cl
l
N
O
a
C
O H
H H
H
Na
H
O
H
O H
H
O
H H
NaCl
Na
H
H
NaCl
H H H O
O
H
O Cl
H
l
H
C Na
Cl
l
N
O
a
C
O H
H H
H
Na
H
O
H
O H
H H
O
O
H H
NaCl
H
H
NaCl
O
H H
NaCl
NaCl
Na
Na
O
H H
H H
O
chlorine
ozone
gold
carbon
carbon.
hydrogen.
oxygen.
sulfur.
Go on
22
23
0.1
13
117
3.9
a chemical change.
vaporization.
the law of conservation of mass.
a physical change.
25
elements.
molecules.
noble gases.
compounds.
26
acidic solutions.
basic solutions.
precipitates.
soluble solutions.
Go on
21
28
31
32
15.3 kg
1470 kg
1.53 kg
4.7 kg
29
30
Stop
Form a hypothesis
Gather information
Perform an experiment
Mechanical energy
turns oven knob.
M
A
B
C
D
A, B, C, D, E
D, C, A, E, B
D, B, A, C, E
C, B, A, D, E
Electrical energy
enters the oven.
O
Chemical energy
moves hand.
M, N, O, P
O, M, N, P
N, M, O, P
P, O, N, M
Go on
SPI 0807.Inq.2
ammeter
volumetric flask
triple-beam balance
Bunsen burner
3
mass
weight
temperature
volume
Go on
10
SPI 0807.Inq.3
Aluminum
27
Copper
64
Gold
197
Iron
56
Silver
108
Ag
Au
Fe
Al
Cu
Mass Numbers of
Some Metals
200
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Ag
200
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
200
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Au
Fe
Mass Numbers of
Some Metals
Fe
Ag
Mass Numbers of
Some Metals
Al
Cu
200
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Fe
Ag
Mass Numbers of
Some Metals
Al
Cu
Au
Mass Number
The chart above shows the mass numbers of some metals. Which of these graphs best
represents these data?
Al
Cu
Au
Metal
Go on
11
SPI 0807.Inq.4
Amount of Salt
Added (grams)
Boiling Point of
Water (degrees
Celsius)
100.0
30
100.5
60
101.0
90
101.5
120
102.0
Go on
12
SPI 0807.Inq.5
Go on
13
SPI 0807.T/E.1
Identify the tools and procedures needed to test the design features of a prototype.
Green Clean Chemical Company has
developed a product that can be used
to recycle garbage. In order to test the
manufacturing of the product, Green
Clean needs to
What is a prototype?
A a half-scale model which will be shown
to customers for feedback
B a full-scale model upon which future
products are based
C a full-scale model that will be tested
extensively for design flaws
D a scaled-down version of real
manufacturing facility
Go on
14
SPI 0807.T/E.2
A
B
C
D
brainstorm.
perform a risk-benefit evaluation.
come up with design constraints.
conduct an experiment.
Go on
15
SPI 0807.T/E.3
Distinguish between the intended benefits and the unintended consequences of a new
technology.
About two percent of Earths water is
stored in solid form such as icebergs
and glaciers. Ice reflects a large portion
of the Suns energy that enters Earths
atmosphere, keeping Earths surface
temperature in balance. If the solid forms
of water began to melt due to global
warming, how might Earth be affected?
A The ozone would become depleted,
allowing increased amounts of UV
radiation to reach Earths surface.
B The level of CO2 in the atmosphere
would increase.
C Air pollution from factories, power
plants, and automobiles would harm
sensitive tissues of many organisms.
D Sea levels would rise across the surface
of Earth, which could affect coastal
cities.
2
a new pesticide
larger propellers on boats
increased air traffic near water
a new fertilizer
An unintended consequence of
transporting oil by ships across oceans is
F
G
H
J
Go on
16
SPI 0807.T/E.4
Differentiate between adaptive and assistive bioengineered products (e.g., food, biofuels,
medicines, integrated pest management).
Food Irradiation Facts
Used for
preservation and
sterilization
Regulated by the
Food and Drug
Administration
(FDA)
Reduces bacteria,
allowing a greater
shelf life for
products
Produces no
significant loss of
nutrients
Reduces cases of
food borne illness
Kills insects in
wheat, fruits,
vegetables. Kills
bacteria in meat
and poultry.
Irradiation is a type
of radiant energy.
Irradiated food is
not radioactive.
Go on
17
Classification of a Housefly
Kingdom
Animalia
A
B
C
D
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Insecta
Order
Diptera
Family
Muscidae
Genus
Musca
Species
Domestica
genus
kingdom
specific epithet
domain name
a dichotomous key
a field guide
a phylogeny
a genus
F
G
H
J
a field guide.
binomial nomenclature.
a genus.
a dichotomous key.
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Musca
Go on
18
SPI 0807.5.2
energy.
water.
a place to live.
hunting skills.
4
Respond
F
G
H
J
Take In and
Use Energy
Grow and
Develop
Living Things
Reproduce
Organized
mutation
competition
natural selection
isolation
Go on
19
SPI 0807.5.3
Number of deer
800
600
400
200
0
0
2
4
6
8
Years since land was cleared
10
Go on
20
SPI 0807.5.4
Identify several reasons for the importance of maintaining the earths biodiversity.
1
a thriving species
an extinct species
an enraged species
a threatened species
Other causes
8%
Exotic species
12%
Poaching
20%
72%
20%
32%
80%
Habitat loss
60%
a native species.
a divided species.
an introduced species.
habitat loss.
Go on
21
SPI 0807.5.5
Go on
22
Model of an Atom
Neutron
Nucleus
Electron
Cloud
Proton
5
1
A
B
C
D
vapor.
gas.
liquid.
solid.
electron cloud
neutron
nucleus
electron
What is an atom?
negative
positive
neutral
sometimes positive and sometimes
negative
solid
liquid
gas
plasma
Go on
23
SPI 0807.9.2
Identify the common outcome of all chemical changes.
Water molecules are each made of two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Under the right conditions, however, the
atoms can be separated. This type of
change in a substances properties is
A
B
C
D
rare.
chemical.
physical.
never reversible.
F
G
H
J
precipitation
formation of salt crystals
dents and dings
corrosion
6
3
odor
density
cost
color
Go on
24
SPI 0807.9.3
NaCl
58.8
LiF
25.9
NaBr
102.9
KI
166.0
Molecular Mass
(atomic mass units)
Na
Nucleus
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Sodium Atom
3
LiF
NaCl
NaBr
KI
Nucleus
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
C
2
H + H
4
HH
covalent
ionic
metallic
polar
Go on
25
SPI 0807.9.4
Differentiate between a mixture and a compound.
Which of the reasons below would explain
why a particular solute would NOT
dissolve in a particular solvent?
Water is an example of a
A
B
C
D
mixture.
solution.
compound.
element.
a precipitate
a solute
a solution
a compound
heterogeneous mixture.
compound.
homogeneous mixture.
solid solution.
Go on
26
SPI 0807.9.5
Describe the chemical makeup of the atmosphere.
1
oxygen
carbon dioxide
mercury
argon
ozone depletion
acid rain
global warming
factory runoff
6
3
oxygen
sulfur
tellurium
selenium
global warming
ozone depletion
acid rain
loss of biodiversity
alkali metals.
alkaline earth metals.
nonmetals.
metalloids.
Go on
27
SPI 0807.9.6
Compare the particle arrangement and type of particle motion associated with different
states of matter.
2
X
3
Z
4
W, Y, X, Z
Z, Y, X, W
X, W, Y, Z
X, W, Z, Y
condensation
vaporization
freezing
melting
Go on
28
amorphous solid
crystalline solid
liquid
hydrogen atom
SPI 0807.9.7
Apply an equation to determine the density of an object based on its mass and volume.
1
Atomic Mass
A
B
C
D
4 g/cm3
4 cm3/g
75 g/cm3
50 g/cm3
Density
Object
Mass
(grams)
Volume
(milliliters)
Liquid A
Liquid B
18
10
Liquid C
36
12
Liquid D
54
20
Liquid A
Liquid B
Liquid C
Liquid D
Go on
29
SPI 0807.9.8
compounds
chemical bonds
precipitates
products
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Go on
30
SPI 0807.9.9
Element
Atomic
Number
Atomic
Mass
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
hydrogen
helium
lithium
beryllium
odorless.
light.
mostly nonreactive.
highly reactive with oxygen.
a noble gas
a halogen
an alkaline earth metal
an alkali metal
Go on
31
SPI 0807.9.10
A
B
C
D
compounds
chemical bonds
precipitates
products
less than
more than
equal to
double
CHEMICAL
EQUATION
5
ENERGY
PRODUCTS
particle size
mass
reactant
rust
Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Go on
32
SPI 0807.9.11
Recognize that in a chemical reaction the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass
of the products (Law of Conservation of Mass).
1
water
sugar
carbon
dioxide
Zn + 2HCI ZnCl2 + H2
65 g 72 g
135 g
?
water
sugar
oxygen
A
B
C
D
oxygen
carbon
dioxide
water
sugar
water
1
6
3
2
2g
4g
72 g
144 g
2
4
1
8
Go on
33
SPI 0807.9.12
Identify the basic properties of acids and bases.
5.0
10.0
8.5
pH of soft drink = 2
pH of tomato = 5
orange
juice
oven
cleaner
rainwater
ammonia
A
B
C
D
Q, S, R,T
T, S, R, Q
Q, R, S, T
T, R, S, Q
basic substances.
neutral substances.
acidic substances.
indicators.
10,000
10
100
1,000
7
1
14
5
Go on
34
3.5
Recognize that electricity can be produced using a magnet and wire coil.
3
24,000
Volts
120240
Volts
electromagnet
transformer
motor
voltmeter
direct current.
alternating current.
variable current.
simulating current.
Go on
35
SPI 0807.12.2
Describe the basic principles of an electromagnet.
1
Bell
Power
source
4
3
motor
battery
fan
galvanometer
5
Go on
36
SPI 0807.12.3
Distinguish among the Earths magnetic field, a magnet, and the fields that surround a
magnet and an electromagnet.
1
NORTH
SOUTH
F
G
H
J
2
electromagnet.
electromotive force.
magnetosphere.
biosphere.
Go on
37
SPI 0807.12.4
Distinguish between mass and weight using appropriate measuring instruments and
units.
A backpack full of books weighs 38
newtons on Earth. The same backpack full
of books weighs 45 newtons on Planet X.
Which statement describes the reason for
the difference in weight?
A Planet X is less dense than Earth.
B Planet X has more mass than Earth.
C Planet X is farther from the Sun
than Earth.
D Planet X has a larger circumference
than Earth.
A
B
C
D
Place
Mars
221
38
Earth
588
100
1,387
236
669
114
Jupiter
Neptune
Percent
of Your
Weight on
Earth
6,860 newtons
71 newtons
700 newtons
22,400 newtons
980 newtons
6,680 newtons
9,800 newtons
50 newtons
Neptune
Mars
Earth
Jupiter
Go on
38
SPI 0807.12.5
Determine the relationship among the mass of objects, the distance between these
objects, and the amount of gravitational attraction.
Mass and Distance Data for Planets
and Their Moons
Planet
Moon
mass
mass
(x 1022 kg) (x 1022 kg)
Planet
600
600
600
12
600
12
velocity.
mass.
a large enough diameter.
an orbit.
Moon
distance
from
planet
(x 10 6 km)
A
B
C
D
decreases.
increases.
stays the same.
doubles.
1
2
3
4
Go on
39
SPI 0807.12.6
Illustrate how gravity controls the motion of objects in the solar system.
A black hole is so massive that even light
cannot escape from it. What is the force
that pulls the light into the black hole?
A
B
C
D
electrical force
gravitational force
magnetic force
nuclear force
Stop
40
Posttest
Observations of Three Elements
up
ter ice etch yrup
Wa Ju
S
K
Duration
Weight
of
Weight
Melting Before Heating
After
Element Point Heating (minutes) Heating
Copper 1,083C
A
B
C
D
surface tension
density
vaporization
viscosity
45
30 g
Gold
1,064C
30 g
45
30 g
Silver
962C
30 g
45
30 g
3
1
30 g
Go on
Grade 8 Posttest
41
Posttest (continued)
4
weight changes
density changes
temperature changes
viscosity changes
7
Go on
42
Grade 8 Posttest
Posttest (continued)
8
11
A
B
C
D
echolocation
large fins to swim with
a thick layer of blubber fat
a long ridge along their back
10
12
Year
1600
1700
1800
12
1900
32
2000
45
Go on
Grade 8 Posttest
43
Posttest (continued)
13
15
16
M
N
O
water
sunlight
air
wood
rare.
chemical.
physical.
never reversible.
17
Estimated
Age
(years)
Depth
(meters)
Layer
Composition
Sedimentary
rock
100,000
04
Sedimentary
rock
6 million
89
Sedimentary
rock
6.1 million
910
A
B
C
D
14
18
Li
Br2
NaCl
3O2
a homogeneous mixture.
a heterogeneous mixture.
an atom.
a compound.
Go on
44
Grade 8 Posttest
Posttest (continued)
19
20
phosphorus
oxygen
carbon
nitrogen
A
B
C
D
strong bases
strong acids
weak bases
weak acids
chemical change.
exothermic reaction.
physical change.
catalytic reaction.
22
21
23
25
1
2
0
4
Go on
Grade 8 Posttest
45
Posttest (continued)
Some compounds react with acids and
bases to produce different colors. These
compounds are called
F
G
H
J
27
hydronium ions.
precipitates.
indicators.
stalagmites.
29
4.1 kg
40 kg
16.3 kg
8.2 kg
28
30
31
32
their weight.
the size of each object.
the distance between them.
their speed.
26
Stop
46
Grade 8 Posttest
Tennessee
Science
Grade 8
Consultant
Douglas Fisher, Ph.D.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the
material contained herein on the condition that such materials be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the Glencoe
Tennessee Science Grade 8 program. Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly prohibited.
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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ISBN: 978-0-07-890142-3
MHID: 0-07-890142-1
Printed in the United States of America.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 071 13 12 11 10 09 08
Note-Taking Tips................................... v
Using Your Science Notebook.......... vi
Chapter 1 Exploring and Classifying
Life
Chapter Preview ..................................1
1-1..................................................2
1-2..................................................5
1-3..................................................8
1-4................................................11
Wrap-Up ......................................14
iii
Chapter 14 Magnetism
Chapter Preview ..............................135
14-1 ............................................136
14-2 ............................................139
Wrap-Up ....................................142
iv
Note-Taking Tips
Your notes are a reminder of what you learned in class. Taking good
notes can help you succeed in science. These tips will help you take
better notes.
Be an active listener. Listen for important concepts. Pay attention
to words, examples, and/or diagrams your teacher emphasizes.
Write your notes as clearly and concisely as possible. The following
symbols and abbreviations may be helpful in your note-taking.
Word or
Phrase
Symbol or
Abbreviation
Word or
Phrase
Symbol or
Abbreviation
for example
e.g.
and
that is
i.e.
approximately
with
w/
therefore
without
w/o
versus
vs
Note-Taking Donts
Dont write every word. Concentrate on the main ideas and concepts.
Dont use someone elses notesthey may not make sense.
Dont doodle. It distracts you from listening actively.
Dont lose focus or you will become lost in your note-taking.
Date
Language-Based Activities
Activities cover the content in
your science book through vocabulary
development, process writing, note-taking
tools, analytical application, and
real-world problem solving.
Science Journal
Pick a favorite plant or animal and list all the ways it is well-suited to its environment.
Date
GLE 0807.5.3 Analyze how structural, behavioral, and physiological adaptations within a population enable it
to survive in a given environment, GLE 0807.5.4 Explain why variation within a population can enhance the
chances for group survival, 0807.5.3 Compare and contrast the ability of an organism to survive under
different environmental conditions, SPI 0807.5.3 Analyze data on levels of variation within a population to
make predictions about survival under particular environmental conditions. Also covers: GLE 0807.5.6,
0807.5.4, SPI 0807.5.5
Science Journal
Write about what
you know.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define gene using your book.
Name
D a te
15
gene
(continued)
New
Vocabulary Write the correct term next to its definition.
How It Leads to
Change
Changes
in Gene
Sources
Geographic
Isolation
Academic
Vocabulary Use your book or a dictionary to define hypothesis.
The Speed of
Evolution
Gradualism
S YNTHESIZE I T
Both
18
vi
hypothesis
Punctuated
Equilibrium
Vocabulary Development
Adaptations over Time
Vocabulary words help you to better
understand your science lessons. Learning
the Academic Glossary can help you score
higher on standardized tests.
16
Name
Date
Early Models of
Evolution
(continued)
Chapter Wrap-Up
This brings the information together
for you. Revisiting what you thought
at the beginning of the chapter provides
another opportunity for you to discuss
what you have learned.
Darwins Model
of Evolution
I found this information
on page
.
were able to
longer and
more.
Natural Selection
1.
2.
3.
4.
Name
5.
Variation and
Adaptation
I found this information
on page
.
Date
Cells
Chapter Wrap-Up
Review the ideas you listed at the beginning of the chapter. Cross out any incorrect
information in the first column. Then complete the table by filling in the third column.
Adaptation
K
What I know
Definition
W
What I want to find out
L
What I learned
Note-Taking Based on
the Cornell Two-Column Format
Practice effective note-taking through
Adaptations over Time 17
the use of graphic organizers, outlines,
and written summaries.
Review
Examples
Date
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
(continued)
Fossils and
Evolution
S UMMARIZE I T
Information
obtained from
fossils
26
More Clues
About Evolution
Review Checklist
This list helps you assess what
you have learned and prepare
for your chapter tests.
Cells
Other
clues about
evolution
Graphic Organizers
A variety of visual organizers help you
to analyze and summarize information
S YNTHESIZE I T A scientist discovers a new species of mammal. How could
and
remember content.
the scientist determine its evolutionary relationships to other animals? Explain how
the
scientist could use each type of evidence discussed in the section.
21
vii
Name
Date
Science Journal
List three characteristics that you would use to classify underwater life.
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary
experiment
New
Vocabulary
scientific methods
hypothesis
control
variable
theory
law
Academic
Vocabulary
reject
3.
Name
Date
The Work of
Science
(continued)
Solving Problems
I found this information
on page
.
revise
hypothesis
repeat many
times
to which the
of a
. A variable is
. The number of variables that should
Name
Date
Developing
Theories
(continued)
Opinion
Scientific Theory
Scientific Law
What it is
What it is
based on
Summarize the metric units for each quantity below by listing them.
Length:
Volume:
Mass:
Safety First
I found this information
on page
.
S YNTHESIZE I T
Measuring with
Scientific Units
Name
Date
Predict what you will learn in Section 2. Read the title and main
headings. List three topics that you predict will be discussed in
the section.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Use raw materials in a sentence to show its scientific meaning.
raw materials
New
Vocabulary Find a sentence in Section 2 that uses each vocabulary term.
organism
cell
homeostasis
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define chemical.
chemical
Name
Date
(continued)
Example
Stimulus
Response
Homeostasis
Stimulus
The conditions in an
organisms cells change.
Response
Living Things
Name
Date
(continued)
Plants
Animals
Bacteria in places
sunlight cannot reach
What do living
things need?
Classify the needs of all living things. Complete the concept map.
Needs of
Living Things
S UMMARIZE I T
Choose one living thing and one nonliving thing with which
you are familiar. Use the five characteristics of living things to explain how you know
that each is living or nonliving. Complete the chart to organize your information.
Object
Has cells?
Uses
energy?
Grows and
develops?
Responds
to stimuli?
Reproduces?
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Define contaminate and use it in an original sentence.
contaminate
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define estimate as both a noun and a verb.
estimate
noun:
verb:
New
Vocabulary Write the vocabulary term that matches each definition.
Name
Date
(continued)
Spontaneous
Generation
Biogenesis
Source
of life
What:
Who:
1700s
What:
Who:
1668
Lifes Origins
I found this information
on page
.
What:
Name
Date
(continued)
CONNECT IT
10
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Describe how an organisms common name is different from its
scientific name.
common name
New
Vocabulary Read the definitions below. Write the vocabulary term that
matches each definition.
first and largest category used to classify organisms
evolutionary history of an organism
group of similar species
two-word scientific naming system
Academic
Vocabulary Define similar using a dictionary.
similar
11
Name
Date
Classification
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Aristotle
Linnaeus
Categories
or criteria
4.
5.
6.
I found this information
on page
.
12
3.
Name
Date
(continued)
Scientific Names
2.
3.
4.
Tools for
Identifying
Organisms
I found this information
on page
.
Dichotomous Key
Both
S YNTHESIZE I T
13
Name
Date
After You
Read
Review
Use this checklist to help you study.
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
14
Name
Date
Science Journal
Pick a favorite plant or animal and list all the ways it is well-suited to its environment.
15
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Define gene using your book.
gene
Academic
Vocabulary Use your book or a dictionary to define hypothesis.
hypothesis
16
New
Vocabulary Write the correct term next to its definition.
Name
Date
Early Models of
Evolution
(continued)
Darwins Model
of Evolution
I found this information
on page
.
were able to
longer and
more.
Natural Selection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Variation and
Adaptation
I found this information
on page
.
Adaptation
Definition
Examples
17
Name
Date
(continued)
How It Leads to
Change
Changes
in Gene
Sources
Geographic
Isolation
S YNTHESIZE I T
Both
Punctuated
Equilibrium
18
The Speed of
Evolution
Name
Date
Scan Section 2 of your book. Then write two items in each of the
boxes below.
What I know about
fossils
Review
Vocabulary Define epoch using your book.
epoch
New
Vocabulary Use your book to help you write the correct vocabulary term next
to each definition.
a type of rock made from pieces of other rocks, minerals deposited
from a solution, or plant and animal matter
element that gives off a steady amount of radiation as it slowly
changes to a nonradioactive element
study of embryos and their development
similar in structure, origin, or function
structure that does not seem to have a function and that may once
have functioned in the body of an ancestor
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define method.
method
19
Name
Date
Clues from
Fossils
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Types of Fossils
I found this information
on page
.
Determining a
Fossils Age
I found this information
on page
.
20
Name
Date
Fossils and
Evolution
(continued)
Information
obtained from
fossils
More Clues
About Evolution
Other
clues about
evolution
S YNTHESIZE I T
21
Name
Date
Chapter Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned and complete
the table below. Compare your previous answers with these.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
After You
Read
Review
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about adaptations of organisms over time.
22
Name
Date
Conserving Life
GLE 0807.5.5 Describe the importance of maintaining the earths biodiversity. SPI 0807.5.4 Identify several
reasons for the importance of maintaining the earths biodiversity. Also covers: 0807.Inq.1
Conserving Life
Biodiversity tends to decrease as you move
toward the equator.
The loss of habitat is a major reason why many
species become endangered.
Habitats that have been harmed by human
activities cannot be restored.
Science Journal
List a species that you believe is important for maintaining biodiversity, and explain
why it is important.
Conserving Life
23
Name
Date
Conserving Life
Section 1 Biodiversity
0807.5.5 Prepare a poster that illustrates the major factors responsible for reducing the amount of global
biodiversity.
Scan the headings in Section 1 of your book. Write three facts you
discovered about biodiversity as you scanned this section.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define mammal to show its scientific meaning.
mammal
New
Vocabulary Use your book or a dictionary to define the following terms.
native species
ozone depletion
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define stable to show its scientific meaning.
stable
24
Conserving Life
biodiversity
Name
Date
Section 1 Biodiversity
The Variety
of Life
I found this information
on page
.
Why is
biodiversity
important?
(continued)
forest
coral reef
warmer climate
colder climate
What
Biodiversity
Provides for
Humans
How
Biodiversity Helps
Ecosystems
breakdown of pollutants
by organisms in soil
Conserving Life
25
Name
Date
Section 1 Biodiversity
What reduces
biodiversity?
(continued)
2.
Pollution
I found this information
on page
.
Land
pesticides, chemicals, oil/factories, ships, runoff
from lawns and farms
CONNECT IT
26
Conserving Life
Name
Date
Conserving Life
Section 2 Conservation Biology
GLE 0807.5.5 Describe the importance of maintaining the earths biodiversity. SPI 0807.5.4 Identify several
reasons for the importance of maintaining the earths biodiversity.
Review
Vocabulary Define habitat to show its scientific meaning.
habitat
New
Vocabulary Scan within the section for bold words and their meanings. Then
write the correct term next to its definition.
study of methods for protecting Earths biodiversity
process of bringing a damaged habitat back to a healthy condition
conservation strategy that returns organisms to an area where
the species once lived
population of organisms that is cared for by humans
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define strategy. Write a sentence to show its
scientific meaning.
strategy
Conserving Life
27
Name
Date
Protecting
Biodiversity
(continued)
Conservation
Biology at Work
I found this information
on page
.
28
Conserving Life
Name
Date
(continued)
Convention on
International Trade
in Endangered
Species, CITES
Wildlife
Management
Seed Banks
CONNECT IT
Conserving Life
29
Name
Date
Conserving Life
Chapter Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned and complete
the table below. Compare your previous answers to these.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
Conserving Life
After You
Read
Review
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
30
Conserving Life
Name
Date
Measurement
GLE 0807.Inq.2 Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data.
SPI 0807.Inq.2 Select tools and procedures needed to conduct a moderately complex experiment.
Measurement
Measurements are recorded by using
numbers.
Measurements can be precise but not
accurate.
Most scientists use inches and feet to
record length.
Science Journal
As a member of the pit crew, how can you determine the miles per gallon a car uses?
Write in your Science Journal how you would calculate this.
Measurement
31
Name
Date
Measurement
Section 1 Description and Measurement
GLE 0807.Inq.2 Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data.
Also covers: 0807.Inq.5
Review
Vocabulary Define description to show its scientific meaning.
description
New
Vocabulary Define each vocabulary term using your book or a dictionary.
precision
accuracy
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define significant. Use significant in an
original sentence to show its scientific meaning.
significant
32
Measurement
estimation
Name
Date
Measurement
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Estimation
I found this information
on page
.
2.
Precision and
Accuracy
I found this information
on page
.
Accuracy is
.
Precise
Accurate
Both
measurements
of 13.54 cm
and 13.56 cm
for an actual
length of
13.55 cm
Measurement
33
Name
Date
(continued)
Significant?
non-zero digits
CONNECT IT
34
Measurement
Name
Date
Measurement
Section 2 SI Units
GLE 0807.Inq.2 Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data.
SPI 0807.Inq.2 Select tools and procedures needed to conduct a moderately complex experiment.
Also covers: 0807.Inq.1
Review
Vocabulary Define variable to show its scientific meaning.
variable
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to each definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define summary.
summary
Measurement
35
Name
Date
(continued)
dekagiga-
hectokilo-
megamicro-
millinano-
Length
A measure of:
Length
SI units:
Volume
Irregular objects:
36
Measurement
one million
one thousand
one hundred
ten
one-tenth
one-hundredth
Largest
one-thousandth
one-millionth
one-billionth
Smallest
The International
System
one billion
Section 2 SI Units
Name
Date
Section 2 SI Units
(continued)
Mass
Mass
Weight
What is it a
measure of ?
What SI units
are used to
measure it?
Is it the same
everywhere?
Temperature
Celsius (C)
Fahrenheit (F)
Boiling point
of water
Freezing point
of water
Absolute zero
S YNTHESIZE I T
Measurement
37
Name
Date
Measurement
Section 3 Drawings, Tables, and Graphs
SPI 0807.Inq.3 Interpret and translate data into a table, graph, or diagram.
Review
Vocabulary Write an original sentence to show the scientific meaning of
model.
model
New
Vocabulary Define each vocabulary term using your book or a dictionary.
table
bar graph
line graph
graph
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define category. Use category in an original
sentence to show its scientific meaning.
category
38
Measurement
circle graph
Name
Date
Scientific
Illustrations
I found this information
on page
.
Tables and
Graphs
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Photographs
Movies
II. Graphs
A.
B.
I found this information
on page
.
Measurement
39
Name
Date
(continued)
2.
3.
I found this information
on page
.
S YNTHESIZE I T
40
Measurement
1.
Name
Date
Tie It Together
Suppose that you have been asked to design your ideal science classroom. The builder
wants to know what measurements will be needed to make your room. Create a plan for
your classroom. Include at least one item for which each of the following will need to be
measured: length, volume, mass, and temperature. Predict a time measurement for your
construction. Suggest ways that each can be measured. Create a scientific illustration
showing the design of your room.
Measurement
41
Name
Date
Measurement
Chapter Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned and complete
the table below. Compare your previous answers with these.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write D if you disagree with the statement.
Measurement
After You
Read
Review
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about measurement.
42
Measurement
Name
Date
Science Journal
Think about what happens when you crack a glow stick. What types of changes are
you observing?
43
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Define matter to show its scientific meaning and then use the
matter
New
Vocabulary Use your book to define the following terms.
physical property
chemical property
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define differentiate to show its scientific
meaning.
differentiate
44
Name
Date
Physical
Properties
(continued)
SizeDependent
Properties
SizeIndependent
Properties
45
Name
Date
Chemical
Properties
(continued)
State
Density
(g/cm3)
Melting
Boiling
Point (C) Point (C)
liquid
3.12
7.0
59.0
solid
4.93
113.5
184.0
solid
2.044
360
1,322.0
liquid
1.0
100.0
definition
Chemical
Properties
three
examples
1.
2.
3.
CONNECT IT
46
Name
Date
Skim Section 2 of your book. Read the headings and look at the
illustrations. Write three questions that come to mind.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define solubility to show its scientific meaning.
solubility
New
Vocabulary Use your book to define the following terms. Then use the term in
a sentence.
vaporization
sublimation
deposition
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define undergo. Then use the term in a
sentence to show its scientific meaning.
undergo
47
Name
Date
Physical Changes
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
What Happens
Example
Changing
shape
Dissolving
Changes
of State
Chemical
Changes
I found this information
on page
.
changes,
does not. In a chemical change,
.
in which
react with
to form
48
Name
Date
Signs of Chemical
Changes
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Chemical Versus
Physical Change
I found this information
on page
.
4. Wood is burned.
Conservation
of Mass
E VALUATE IT
49
Name
Date
After You
Read
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three main ideas you have
learned about properties and changes of matter.
50
Review
Name
Date
States of Matter
GLE 0807.9.1 Understand that all matter is made up of atoms. GLE 0807.9.2 Explain that matter has
properties that are determined by the structure and arrangement of its atoms. Also covers: SPI 0807.9.6,
SPI 0807.9.7, SPI 0807.9.8
States of Matter
There are four states of matter.
Solids take the shape of their containers.
Substances cannot change directly from
a solid to a gas.
Science Journal
Write about what you predict is a source of the warm water in a hot natural spring in
a cold, snowy climate.
States of Matter
51
Name
Date
States of Matter
Section 1 Matter
GLE 0807.9.2 Explain that matter has properties that are determined by the structure and arrangement of its
atoms. 0807.9.2 Illustrate the particle arrangement and type of motion associated with different states of
matter.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define the word atom in a scientific sentence.
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to each definition.
matter that does not have a definite shape or volume
anything that takes up space and has mass
matter with a definite shape and volume
liquids resistance to flow
uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid
matter with a definite volume but no definite shape
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define definite.
definite
52
States of Matter
atom
Name
Date
Section 1 Matter
(continued)
What is matter?
I found this information
on page
.
The Four
States of Matter
Solids
I found this information
on page
.
Liquids
I found this information
on page
.
2.
3.
States of Matter
53
Name
Date
Section 1 Matter
(continued)
Gases
Gases
do not
have definite
or
S UMMARIZE I T
those in a gas.
54
States of Matter
are made of
particles that move
fill the
Name
Date
States of Matter
Section 2 Changes of State
GLE 0807.9.1 Understand that all matter is made up of atoms. SPI 0807.9.6 Compare the particle
arrangement and type of particle motion associated with different states of matter.
Review
Vocabulary Define the word energy using a dictionary or your book.
energy
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to each definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define item.
item
States of Matter
55
Name
Date
Thermal Energy
and Heat
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Thermal Energy
Temperature
Specific Heat
I found this information
on page
.
Cool
Substances with
high specific heats
Substances with
low specific heats
56
States of Matter
Heat
slowly
quickly
Example
Both
Name
Date
Changes
Between the
Solid and
Liquid States
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Freezing
What is it?
Thermal energy
released or
absorbed?
Changes
Between the
Liquid and
Gas States
Changes
Between the
Solid and
Gas States
gas
liquid
S YNTHESIZE I T
States of Matter
57
Name
Date
States of Matter
Section 3 Behavior of Fluids
0807.9.2 Illustrate the particle arrangement and type of motion associated with different states of matter.
SPI 0807.9.7 Apply an equation to determine the density of an object based on its mass and volume.
Review
Vocabulary Define the word force in a sentence to show its scientific
meaning.
force
New
Vocabulary Use a dictionary or your book to define the key terms.
buoyant force
Archimedes principle
density
Pascals principle
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define expand to show its scientific meaning.
expand
58
States of Matter
pressure
Name
Date
Pressure
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
If force
and area
increases
decreases
increases
decreases
then pressure
Define atmospheric pressure and describe why you do not feel it.
States of Matter
59
Name
Date
Changes in
Gas Pressure
(continued)
as volume
Pressure
increases
as temperature
Pascals Principle
I found this information
on page
.
S YNTHESIZE I T
Less Dense
60
States of Matter
Float or sink?
Name
Date
Tie It Together
Synthesize It
Describe a situation from daily life in which you have experienced each change of state
identified below. Explain how thermal energy was involved in the change of state.
Condensation
Melting
Freezing
Evaporation
States of Matter
61
Name
Date
States of Matter
Chapter Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned and complete
the table below. Compare your previous answers with these.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
States of Matter
After You
Read
Review
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about states of matter.
62
States of Matter
Name
Date
K
What I know
W
What I want to find out
Science Journal
Describe, based on your current knowledge, what an atom is.
63
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Define matter to show its scientific meaning.
matter
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to each definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define theory.
theory
64
Name
Date
First Thoughts
(continued)
A Model of
the Atom
Daltons Ideas
About Matter
Discovering
Charged
Particles
Thomsons experiments
65
Name
Date
Rutherfords
Experiments and
A Model with
a Nucleus
(continued)
Actual result:
A Model with a
Nucleus and
Further
Developments
I found this information
on page
.
CONNECT IT
66
Conclusion:
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Use atom in a scientific sentence.
atom
New
Vocabulary Define each of the following vocabulary terms using your book.
atomic number
isotope
mass number
radioactive decay
transmutation
beta particle
half-life
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define stable as an adjective.
stable
67
Name
Date
Identifying
Numbers
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Carbon-13
Carbon-14
Atomic number
Number of protons
Number of neutrons
Mass number
Radioactive
Decay
The electron
The protron
.
68
Name
Date
Rate of Decay
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
0 days
Mass
20 g
First
Half-life
Second
Half-life
Third
Half-life
8 days
half-life:
Uses
Hazards
Radioactive
material
Making Synthetic
Elements
CONNECT IT
synthetic elements.
69
Name
Date
Chapter Wrap-Up
Review the ideas you listed in the chart at the beginning of the chapter. Cross out
any incorrect information in the first column. Then complete the chart by filling in
the third column. Compare your previous answers with these.
K
What I know
W
What I want to find out
L
What I learned
Review
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about atoms that surprised you.
70
Name
Date
K
What I know
W
What I want to find out
Science Journal
Think of an element you have heard about. Make a list of the properties you know
and the properties you want to learn about.
71
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Use element in a sentence to show its scientific meaning.
element
Academic
Vocabulary Define symbol to show its scientific meaning.
symbol
72
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to its definition.
Name
Date
Development of
the Periodic
Table
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Todays Periodic
Table
73
Name
Date
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Label the block below with the information you would find about
hydrogen in its element key. Fill in the missing information.
H
I found this information
on page
.
CONNECT IT
74
(continued)
Name
Date
Read the What Youll Learn statements for Section 2. Predict three
topics that will be discussed in the section.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define atomic number using your book or a dictionary.
atomic number
New
Vocabulary Use your book to define each vocabulary term.
alkali metal
semiconductor
halogen
noble gas
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define representative as an adjective.
representative
75
Name
Date
Groups 1 and 2
(continued)
Density
Melting Point
Groups 13
through 18
I found this information
on page
.
Compare and contrast the alkaline earth metals and the alkali
metals. Describe the hardness, density, melting points, and
reactivity of elements in the two groups.
except
Reactivity
Name
Date
(continued)
Carbon
nonmetal
Silicon
metalloid
Germanium
metalloid
Tin
metal
Lead
metal
Where it is Found
or How it is Used
A.
B. Phosphorus:
II. Group 16
A. Oxygen:
B.
C. Selenium:
I found this information
on page
.
CONNECT IT
Choose any three elements from this section and explain how
each is important to your daily life.
77
Name
Date
Scan the headings and illustrations in this section. Write three facts
you learned about transition elements as you scanned the section.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define mass number in a scientific sentence.
New
Vocabulary Use your book to define each vocabulary term.
catalyst
lanthanide
actinide
synthetic element
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define series to show its scientific meaning.
series
78
mass number
Name
Date
The Metals in
the Middle
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
2.
3.
4.
Iron Triad
What these elements have in common:
Element:
Element:
Element:
Uses:
Uses:
Uses:
Uses
Tungsten
Mercury
Elements in the
platinum group
The Periodic Table
79
Name
Date
Inner Transition
Elements
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Actinides
Properties
Uses
.
and last only
.
Identify two ways dentists and orthodontists use transition
elements.
1.
2.
CONNECT IT
80
Name
Date
Tie It Together
The Periodic Table
81
Name
Date
Chapter Wrap-Up
L
What I learned
Review
Use this checklist to help you study.
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about elements and the periodic table.
82
K
What I know
Name
Date
Science Journal
Write a sentence comparing household glue to chemical bonds.
83
Name
Date
Skim the objectives for Section 1. Write three questions that come
to mind from reading these statements. Look for answers to each
question as you read the section.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define atom to show its scientific meaning.
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to its definition.
model of the area around the nucleus where electrons
usually travel
the different areas for an electron in an atom
symbol for an element surrounded by as many dots as there
are electrons in its outer energy level
force that holds two atoms together
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define period. Then tell how the word is used
in the context of the periodic table.
period
84
atom
Name
Date
Atomic Structure
(continued)
Electron
Arrangement
Energy Level
1
2
3
4
Write the formula for calculating the maximum number of electrons
that can occupy an energy level.
Formula for calculating electrons per energy level:
Periodic Table
and Energy
Levels
85
Name
Date
Identify the number of electrons each atom has in its outer energy
level. Then shade the boxes of the elements that are stable.
1
18
He
Li
Element Families
I found this information
on page
.
Electron Dot
Diagrams
13
14
15
16
17
Be
Ne
Compare how the elements in a family are similar. Use the noble
gases and alkali metals as examples.
Be
CONNECT IT
Ne
86
Electron
Configuration
(continued)
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Write a sentence using the word electron that shows its scientific
meaning.
electron
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to its definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Define achieve using a dictionary.
achieve
Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonds
87
Name
Date
Ionic Bonds
Loss and Gain
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Cl
Na
Cl
Both
Metallic Bonds
88
Metallic
Bonding
Pooling
Name
Date
Covalent
BondsSharing
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Polar and
Nonpolar
Molecules
Chemical
Shorthand
CONNECT IT
89
Name
Date
After You
Read
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about how chemicals bond.
90
Review
Name
Date
Chemical Reactions
GLE 0807.9.3 Interpret data from an investigation to differentiate between physical and chemical changes.
GLE 0807.9.8 Interpret the events represented by a chemical equation. Also covers: SPI 0807.9.8,
SPI 0807.9.11, SPI 0807.9.2
K
What I know
W
What I want to find out
Science Journal
What types of products do you think are manufactured in a chemical plant?
Chemical Reactions
91
Name
Date
Chemical Reactions
Section 1 Chemical Formulas and Equations
GLE 0807.9.3 Interpret data from an investigation to differentiate between physical and chemical changes.
GLE 0807.9.8 Interpret the events represented by a chemical equation. Also covers: SPI 0807.9.8,
SPI 0807.9.11
Skim Section 1 of your text. Read the headings and look at the
illustrations. Write three questions that come to mind.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define atom to show its scientific meaning.
atom
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to its definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define undergo.
undergo
92
Chemical Reactions
Name
Date
Physical or
Chemical
Change?
(continued)
Physical Change
Chemical Change
Description
Examples
Chemical
Equations
CH3COOH NaHCO3
Conservation
of Mass
I found this information
on page
.
Number of atoms
in reactants
Na
Number of atoms
in products
The law of conservation of mass states that
Chemical Reactions
93
Name
Date
Balancing
Chemical
Equations
(continued)
O2
Carbon
CO2
Hydrogen
H2O
Oxygen
Reactants
Products
Balance the number of hydrogen atoms in the equation by writing
the correct coefficient in front of the correct molecule. Then count
and record the atoms in the new equation.
CH4
O2
Carbon
CO2
Hydrogen
H2O
Oxygen
Reactants
Energy in
Chemical
Reactions
O2
CO2
COMPARE IT
94
H2O
Chemical Reactions
Products
Name
Date
Chemical Reactions
Section 2 Rates of Chemical Reactions
0807.9.8 Determine the types of interactions between substances that result in a chemical change.
Review
Vocabulary Define state of matter in a scientific sentence.
state of matter
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to its definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define volume.
volume
Chemical Reactions
95
Name
Date
(continued)
to
Reaction Rate
96
Chemical Reactions
The number of
reactant molecules
in a given volume
affects the chance
that molecules will
collide and react.
Name
Date
Slowing Down
Reactions
(continued)
Speeding Up
Reactions
providing
.
Catalysts can
speed up
reactions by
holding
.
reducing
.
Identify four other functions that enzymes carry out in the body.
1.
2.
3.
4.
S YNTHESIZE I T
Chemical Reactions
97
Name
Date
Chemical Reactions
Chapter Wrap-Up
Review the ideas you listed in the chart at the beginning of the chapter. Cross out
any incorrect information in the first column. Then complete the chart by filling
in the third column. Compare your previous responses with these.
K
What I know
W
What I want to find out
L
What I learned
Review
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about chemical reactions.
98
Chemical Reactions
Name
Date
Science Journal
Find and name four items around you that are mixtures.
99
Name
Date
Read the What Youll Learn statements for Section 1. Write four
questions you have after reading the statements.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Review
Vocabulary Define proton to show its scientific meaning.
proton
each definition.
solid that comes out of its solution due to a chemical reaction
matter with the same composition and properties throughout
substance that dissolves a solute
mixture in which substances are not evenly mixed
mixture with two or more substances that are evenly mixed
substance that dissolves and seems to disappear into
another substance
another name for a homogeneous mixture
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define proportion to show its scientific
meaning.
proportion
100
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary word in the left column next to
Name
Date
Substances
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Definition
Element
Compound
change substances.
Chemical processes
Mixtures
change substances.
Homogeneous
Both
How Solutions
Form
101
Name
Date
(continued)
Precipitate formation:
Liquid Solutions
I found this information
on page
.
Liquid solute:
Solution:
Gas solute:
Solution:
Solid solute:
Solution:
Liquid solvent:
Liquid solvent:
Gaseous
Solutions
I found this information
on page
.
Brass:
CONNECT IT
102
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Define polar bond.
polar bond
New
Vocabulary Write a scientific definition for each vocabulary term.
aqueous
solubility
saturated
concentration
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define chemical as an adjective.
chemical
103
Name
Date
Section 2 Solubility
WaterThe
Universal Solvent
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Ionic
Polar
molecular
What will
dissolve?
104
Name
Date
Section 2 Solubility
(continued)
usually
solutions usually
Rate of
Dissolving
I found this information
on page
.
Concentration
S UMMARIZE I T
SEE OVERSET PG
105
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Define physical property using your book or a dictionary.
physical property
New
Vocabulary Write an original sentence using each vocabulary term.
pH
hydronium ion
base
indicator
acid
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define conduct as a verb in its scientific sense.
conduct
106
neutralization
Name
Date
Acids
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Properties
Examples
1.
1.
Acids
2.
Bases
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
Properties
Examples
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
Bases
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
6.
107
Name
Date
Label the diagram of the pH scale. Label the areas of the scale for
acids, bases, and neutral solutions. Draw arrows showing how the
strength of acids and bases increases.
Indicators
I found this information
on page
.
Neutralization
I found this information
on page
.
10 11 12 13 14
CONNECT IT
108
What is pH?
(continued)
Name
Date
Tie It Together
Can You Guess?
Write clues that a classmate could use to guess three substances or mixtures from everyday
life. Include information about the properties and uses of the substance or mixture.
For example, if you chose vinegar, you might write:
This is a liquid-liquid solution. It is a weak acid. It is used on salads and in other foods.
Trade clues with a classmate and try to guess each others items.
1.
2.
3.
109
Name
Date
After You
Read
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned that surprised you.
110
Review
Name
Date
Science Journal
Write what roles you think scientists and engineers have in creating technology such
as the Mars rover, Spirit.
111
Name
Date
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define matter to show its scientific meaning.
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to each definition.
specific type of matter
branch of science that studies the properties and uses of materials
process in which a substance, especially metal, is changed or
weakened by a chemical reaction
measure of how well electrons move through a material
ability of a material to be attracted or repelled by another material
because of its magnetic field
ability of a material to be hammered or rolled into sheets
materials made from dried clay or claylike mixtures
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define confine.
confine
112
matter
Name
Date
What is materials
science?
(continued)
A material is
Finding the
Right Materials
I found this information
on page
.
and
Chemical
Properties and
Changes
I found this information
on page
.
Salt
113
Name
Date
Physical
Properties
(continued)
Physical
Properties of
Materials
Alloys:
Polymers:
Composite materials:
CONNECT IT
114
Type of Materials
Name
Date
Skim Section 2 of your book. Read the headings and examine the
illustrations. Write three questions that come to mind.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define process as a verb.
process
New
Vocabulary Use your book to define the following words. Then write a
sentence using each word.
scientist
technology
engineer
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define pursue.
pursue
Chemistry and Technology
115
Name
Date
What is a
scientist?
(continued)
What is
technology?
Category
Description
Examples
Methodology
or technique
System of
production
Social-technical
system
116
Artifact or
hardware
Name
Date
What is
engineering?
(continued)
Biomedical
Engineering
Biomechanical
Biomedical
Engineering
Biochemical
Biomaterials
S YNTHESIZE I T
117
Name
Date
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define bacteria to show its scientific meaning.
New
Vocabulary Write the vocabulary term that matches each definition.
group problem-solving technique that involves individuals
contributing ideas without criticism
use of a computer to imitate or test a process or procedure
limiting factors in a design
full-scale model that is used to base future products on, such as a
new car design or a new airplane design
scaled-down version of the real production equipment that closely
models actual manufacturing conditions
performing testing procedures that are designed to find defective
products or materials in a manufacturing process
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define technique.
technique
118
bacteria
Name
Date
Finding Solutions
(continued)
perform quality
control
begin full-scale
production
2. Environmental Protection:
119
Name
Date
(continued)
CONNECT IT
120
Name
Date
Tie It Together
Chemistry and Technology
Design a new product or process. Describe what the product or process does, how it works,
and what is required for it to work.
1. Decide on a need that your product will meet.
2. Do research to help decide what materials and processes you will use.
3. Prepare a display or report as if you were submitting an application for a patent
for your new product or process.
121
Name
Date
After You
Read
Review
Use this checklist to help you study.
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, list three things you have learned
about chemistry and technology.
122
Name
Date
K
What I know
W
What I want to find out
Science Journal
Describe three examples of pushing or pulling an object. How did the object move?
123
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Define velocity using your book or a dictionary.
velocity
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to each definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define constant in its scientific sense.
constant
124
Name
Date
Force
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Balanced Forces
Unbalanced Forces
125
Name
Date
Newtons First
Law of Motion
(continued)
S YNTHESIZE I T
Friction
What It Is
What It Is
What It Is
Example
Example
Example
126
Friction
Name
Date
Read the What Youll Learn statements. Write two questions that
come to mind as you read the statements.
1.
2.
Review
Vocabulary Define acceleration to show its scientific meaning.
acceleration
New
Vocabulary Use your book to define each vocabulary term.
weight
center of mass
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define require to show its scientific meaning.
require
127
Name
Date
Force and
Acceleration
(continued)
in kilograms
Gravity
I found this information
on page
.
Then gravity . . .
mass is larger
mass is smaller
distance decreases
Distinguish between weight and mass by explaining what would
happen to the weight and mass of an object if it were taken from
Earth to Mars.
On Mars, the weight would
because
because
.
Using Newtons
Second Law
Acceleration
speeding up
slowing down
turning
128
Direction of Force
distance increases
Name
Date
Circular Motion
I found this information
on page
.
Air Resistance
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
2.
CONNECT IT
129
Name
Date
force
New
Vocabulary Use your book to define Newtons third law of motion.
Newtons third law
of motion
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define react in its scientific sense.
react
130
Review
Vocabulary Define force to show its scientific meaning.
Name
Date
Action and
Reaction
(continued)
Analyze how the forces act and how the motions of the objects
change.
Action force
Reaction force
131
Name
Date
Weightlessness
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Happens
because:
Causes a
sensation of:
S UMMARIZE I T
Happens in
spacecraft because:
132
Weightlessness
Name
Date
Tie It Together
Think of an activity that you enjoy in your daily life. Describe how each of Newtons
laws applies to your chosen activity. Then, draw a diagram to show how you use force
in the activity.
Newtons First Law of Motion:
Diagram:
133
Name
Date
W
What I want to find out
L
What I learned
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about forces and Newtons laws.
134
Review
Name
Date
Magnetism
GLE 0807.12.2 Design an investigation to change the strength of an electromagnet.
GLE 0807.12.3 Compare and contrast the earths magnetic field to that of a magnet and an electromagnet.
Also covers: SPI 0807.12.2, SPI 0807.12.3
Magnetism
Some minerals are natural magnets.
A compass needle is a small bar magnet.
Electricity cannot be used to make a magnet.
Science Journal
List three ways you have seen magnets used.
Magnetism
135
Name
Date
Magnetism
Section 1 What is magnetism?
GLE 0807.12.2 Design an investigation to change the strength of an electromagnet.
GLE 0807.12.3 Compare and contrast the earths magnetic field to that of a magnet and an electromagnet.
Also covers: SPI 0807.12.2, SPI 0807.12.3
Review
Vocabulary Define compass using a dictionary or your book.
New
Vocabulary Use a dictionary or your book to define each of the following terms.
magnetic field
magnetic domain
magnetosphere
Academic
Vocabulary Define domain. Why is this term used when discussing magnetism?
domain
136
Magnetism
compass
Name
Date
Early Uses
(continued)
Magnets
I found this information
on page
.
each other.
each other.
Magnetism
137
Name
Date
(continued)
Earths Magnetic
Field
I found this information
on page
.
. The
S UMMARIZE I T
138
Magnetism
and
in
.
Name
Date
Magnetism
Section 2 Electricity and Magnetism
GLE 0807.12.3 Compare and contrast the earths magnetic field to that of a magnet and an electromagnet.
SPI 0807.12.2 Describe the basic principles of an electromagnet.
Review
Vocabulary Write a scientific sentence with electric current.
electric current
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to its definition.
Academic
Vocabulary Define source using a dictionary.
source
Magnetism
139
Name
Date
Current Can
Make a Magnet
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Electromagnet
How it works
How it is changed
Using Magnets to
Create Current
I found this information
on page
.
Alternating current
Description:
140
Magnetism
Direct current
Description:
Magnets Push
and Pull Currents
Name
Date
Changing Voltage
I found this information
on page
.
Superconductors
(continued)
More coils
on the
output side
More coils
on the
input side
Superconductors
What they
are
How they
are made
How they react
to magnets
Uses
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging
CONNECT IT
Magnetism
141
Name
Date
Magnetism
Chapter Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned and complete
the chart below. Compare your previous answers with these.
1. Write an A if you agree with the statement.
2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
Magnetism
After You
Read
Review
Review the information you included in your Foldable.
Study your Science Notebook on this chapter.
Study the definitions of vocabulary words.
Review daily homework assignments.
Re-read the chapter and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.
Review the Self Check at the end of each section.
Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about magnetism.
142
Magnetism
Name
Date
Science Journal
Write a short story about what it would be like to ride on a comet as it orbits the Sun.
143
Name
Date
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define axis using your book.
New
Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term in the blank next to each
definition.
the alternating rise and fall in sea level
an event in which the Sun or Moon appears to grow
dim due to a shadow cast by another body in space
the spinning of Earth on its axis
the movement of Earth around the Sun
a regular curved path around the Sun
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define the word visible. Then use the word in
a sentence about the solar system.
visible
144
axis
Name
Date
Earth Moves
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
occurs
occurs
once a
once a
Earths Tilt
Summer
Winter
145
Name
Date
Earths Moon
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Sequence the following stages of the lunar cycle: new moon, full
moon, waning moon, waxing moon. Then draw a picture of the
Moon that represents each stage.
New moon
Lunar Eclipse
CONNECT IT
Find out the date of the next new moon. Using what you have
learned in this section about the Moons phases, predict the date of the following first
quarter moon, full moon, and third quarter moon. Sketch the phases of the moon.
New Moon
First Quarter
Third Quarter
146
Full Moon
Name
Date
Scan Section 2 of your book. Write three facts that you discovered
about the solar system as you scanned the section.
1.
2.
3.
Review
Vocabulary Define system using your book or a dictionary.
system
New
Vocabulary Use your book or a dictionary to define the following terms.
solar system
astronomical unit
comet
meteorite
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define expose.
expose
147
Name
Date
Distances in
Space
I found this information
on page
.
Inner Planets
I found this information
on page
.
(continued)
Complete the outline below about the features of the inner planets.
I. Mercury
A. Atmosphere
B. Temperature
II. Venus
A. Atmosphere
B. Temperature
III. Earth
A. Atmosphere
B. Temperature
C. Surface
IV. Mars
A. Surface
B. Water
148
C. Surface
Name
Date
(continued)
Inner Planets
Comets
Both
Outer Planets
CONNECT IT
149
Name
Date
Review
Vocabulary Use your book or a dictionary to define star.
star
New
Vocabulary Define each key term.
supernova
galaxy
light-year
Academic
Vocabulary Use a dictionary to define apparent.
apparent
150
constellation
Name
Date
Stars
I found this information
on page
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The Lives
of Stars
(continued)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
151
Name
Date
Galaxies
Category
The Universe
I found this information
on page
.
Description
Model the Milky Way by making a sketch. Label the 5 arms and
the location of our Sun. Use the figure in your book to help you.
CONNECT IT
The stars in the universe have been compared to the grains of sand
on Earth. Write a sentence to explain this comparison.
152
Galaxies
(continued)
Name
Date
Tie It Together
Synthesize
Imagine that you have just completed a trip through the universe. Write a journal entry or
a story that you would tell your friends about your trip. Include what you saw and how you
interacted with your surroundings.
153
Name
Date
After You
Read
S UMMARIZE I T
After reading this chapter, identify three things that you have
learned about the solar system.
154
Review