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Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.

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TANK
Sample Printout

2014

Table of contents
Table of contents ......................................................................... 1
Calculation of heat loss of storage tanks ................................................. 2
Properties tank medium* ................................................................... 6
Gas properties* ........................................................................... 7
Outside heat transfer coefficient, roof* .................................................. 8
Inside heat transfer coefficient, bottom* ................................................ 10
Outside heat transfer coefficient, shell* ................................................ 12
Inside heat transfer coefficient, wet shell* ............................................. 14
Inside heat transfer coefficient, dry shell* ............................................. 16
Inside heat transfer coefficient, roof* .................................................. 18
Heat transfer radiation inside, roof* .................................................... 20
Physical properties of heating medium* ................................................... 21
Tube-side heat transfer* ................................................................. 22
Heat transfer coil around tubes* ......................................................... 25
Pressure drop in coil* ................................................................... 27

Layout
Input values:
Calculated values:
Critical values:
Estimated values:

1.234
1.234
1.234
1.234

or
or
or
or

1.234
1.234
1.234
1.234

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Calculation of heat loss of storage tanks
Global conditions
Product temperature
Inside pressure
Air temperature
Wind speed
Ground temperature

tP
pi
tL
Wv
tB

Geometry of storage tank


Ground plan
Diameter
Circumference
Area

50
1
-20
10
-20

Round sketch
DT

Tank height
Filling level
Properties:
Storage medium
Density
Specific heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Gas above storage medium
Medium name
Density
Specific heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Coefficient of thermal expansion

12
37.7
113.1

C
bar
C
m/s
C

m
m
m

HT
HF

15
14

m
m

HFO 180

cp

897.9
1930
0.124
171
0.000190
0.000707

kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
m/s
1/K

1.078
1008
0.02808
0.01964
0.000018
0.003101

kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
m/s
1/K

air

cp

Wall thickness and thermal conductivity of the tank and the insulation
Shell
Roof
Bottom
Tank wall thickness
8 mm
8 mm
8 mm
Thermal conductivity
52 W/(mK)
52 W/(mK)
52 W/(mK)
Insulation thickness
Thermal conductivity
Heat losses
Bottom
23.63 kW

250
2.5

mm
W/(mK)

Shell wet part


14.32 kW

Total heat loss

100
0.04

mm
W/(mK)

Shell dry part


0.9186 kW
Qtot

100
0.04

Roof
2.881

kW

41.75

kW

mm
W/(mK)

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Bottom
Thickness of the wall
Thermal conductivity of the wall
Thermal resistance of the wall
Thickness of the insulation
Thermal conductivity of the insulation
Thermal resistance of the insulation
Heat transfer coefficient outside
Heat transfer coefficient inside

siB
iB
iB
saB
aB
aB
aB
iB

8
52
0.000154
250
2.5
0.1
5
28.67

mm
W/(mK)
mK/W
mm
W/(mK)
mK/W
W/(mK)
W/(mK)

Contact surface
Temperature inside
Temperature (wall-insulation)
Temperature outside

AB
tiB
tgB
taB

=
=
=
=

113.1
42.71
42.68
21.79

m
C
C
C

Heating performance
Heat flow from inside
Heat flow to outside

QhB
QiB =
QaB =

0
23.63
23.63

kW
kW
kW

Thickness of the wall


Thermal conductivity of the wall
Thermal resistance of the wall
Thickness of the insulation
Thermal conductivity of the insulation
Thermal resistance of the insulation
Heat transfer coefficient outside

siM
iM
iM
saM
aM
aM
aM

8
52
0.000154
100
0.04
2.5
41.67

mm
W/(mK)
mK/W
mm
W/(mK)
mK/W
W/(mK)

Wet part
Heat transfer coefficient inside

iMb

17.68

W/(mK)

Contact surface
Temperature inside
Temperature (wall-insulation)
Temperature outside

AMb
tiMb
tgMb
taMb

=
=
=
=

527.8
48.47
48.46
-19.35

m
C
C
C

Heating performance
Heat flow from inside
Heat flow to outside

QhMb
QiMb =
QaMb =

0
14.32
14.32

kW
kW
kW

Dry part
Heat transfer coefficient inside

iMt

2.868

W/(mK)

Contact surface
Temperature inside
Temperature (wall-insulation)
Temperature outside

AMt
tiMt
tgMt
taMt

=
=
=
=

37.7
41.5
41.5
-19.42

m
C
C
C

Heating performance
Heat flow from inside
Heat flow to outside

QhMt
QiMt =
QaMt =

0
0.9186
0.9186

kW
kW
kW

Shell

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Roof
Thickness of the wall
Thermal conductivity of the wall
Thermal resistance of the wall
Thickness of the insulation
Thermal conductivity of the insulation
Thermal resistance of the insulation
Emissivity of the roof
Emissivity of the product
Heat transfer coefficient outside
Heat transfer coefficient inside (total)

siD
iD
iD
saD
aD
aD
D
P
aD
iD

8
52
0.000154
100
0.04
2.5
0.8
0.9
19.77
5.067

mm
W/(mK)
mK/W
mm
W/(mK)
mK/W
W/(mK)
W/(mK)

Contact surface
Temperature inside
Temperature (wall-insulation)
Temperature outside

AD
tiD
tgD
taD

=
=
=
=

113.1
44.97
44.97
-18.71

m
C
C
C

Heating performance
Heat flow from inside
Heat flow to outside

QhD
QiD =
QaD =

0
2.881
2.881

kW
kW
kW

Balance
Heating performance
Heat flow from inside
Heat flow to outside

Qh_ges =
Qi_ges =
Qa_ges =

0
41.75
41.75

kW
kW
kW

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Calculation of the heating coil


Heating medium
Mass flow
Volume flow
Pressure (abs.)
Inlet temperature
Outlet temperature
Mean temperature

Transcal LT
m
V
P
e
a
m

7963
10
3
140
131.9
136

kg/h
m/h
bar
C
C
C

Tube outside diameter


Tube wall thickness
Tube inside diameter
Thermal conductivity of tube material
Fouling inside
Fouling outside

da
s
di
R
fi
fa

60.3
2.9
54.5
52
0
0

mm
mm
mm
W/(mK)
mK/W
mK/W

Properties of the heating medium


Density
Specific heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity

cp

796.9
2342
0.125
1.183
1.484

kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
mm/s

Properties of the storage medium at


Density
Specific heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Coefficient of thermal expansion

cp

87.85
874.3
2062
0.1214
33.19
0.000038
0.00072

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
m/s
1/K

Result
Tube-side velocity
Heat transfer coefficient inside
Heat transfer coefficient outside
Overall heat transfer coefficient
Pressure drop (straight tube without bends)
Tube length
Area

u
i
a
k
P
L
A

1.191
1076
124.9
110
5736
23.33
4.419

m/s
W/(mK)
W/(mK)
W/(mK)
Pa
m
m

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Properties tank medium*
Properties of Heavy Fuel Oils (HFO)
Selected oil:

HFO 180

Oil selection:

State 1:
Temperature

Density
Specific heat capacity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Coef. of thermal expansion
Prandtl number
Thermal diffusivity

897.9

cp
1930
171

0.000190
0.124

0.000707
Pr
2661
a 7.155E-8

50

State 2:
C

kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K
m/s

874.1

cp
2062
33.19

0.000038
0.1213

0.000720
Pr
564
a 6.731E-8

87.86

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K
m/s

Pr = /a = cp/
a = /(cp)

Properties of heavy fuel oils

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Gas properties*
Properties of air
State 1
Temperature
Pressure

1
p1

Density
Specific heat capacity
Thermal conductivity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Prandtl number
Thermal diffusivity
Compressibility factor
Specific enthalpy
Specific entropy
Thermal expansion
Velocity of sound

State 2
C
bar

2
p2

C
Pa

1.078

cp
1008
0.02808

0.01964

0.000018
Pr
0.7046
a 0.000026
Z
0.9999
h
25180
s
84.9
0.003101
w
360.5

kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
m/s
m/s
J/kg
J/(kgK)
1/K
m/s

cp

Pr
a
Z
h
s

kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
m/s
m/s
J/kg
J/(kgK)
1/K
m/s

Molar mass
Gas constant
Standard density

M
R
S

28.96
287.1
1.293

g/mol
J/(kgK)
kg/m

Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical

Tc
pc
c

-140.6
3786000
342.6

data
temperature
pressure
density

50
1

C
Pa
kg/m

Validity range:
-150 C 1000 C
1 bar p 1000 bar
Composition of the air:
Mol-%
Wt-%
N2 :
78.12
75.570
O2 :
20.96
23.161
Ar:
0.92
1.269
Normalization of Enthalpy and Entropy:
h = 0 kJ/kg, s = 0 kJ/(kgK) at T = 298.15 K = 25C, p = 1.01325 bar
for the pure components

Properties of air

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Outside heat transfer coefficient, roof*
Geometry:
Heated plate length
Flow velocity

l
w

mm
m/s

12000
10

Properties:
Mean pressure
Mean temperature
Density
Specific heat capacity
Specific thermal conductivity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Prandtl number
Mean wall temperature
Prandtl number at wall temperature
Phase (liquid = 1 / gas = 2)
Exponent for liquids
Exponent for gases

p
100000
-20

1.078

Cp
1008
0.02808

0.01964

= 0.000018
Pr =
0.7046
W
PrW

Pa
C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
m/s
-

44.97
0.7046

C
-

2
0.25 0 -

nF
nG

Heat transfer:
Reynolds number
Nusselt-number laminar
Nusselt-number turbulent
Nusselt number average
Nusselt number with wall correction
Heat transfer coefficient

Re
Nulam
Nuturb
Nul,0
Nu

=
=
=
=
=

6587625
1517
8312
8449
8449

19.77

(1)
(2)
(5)
(6)
W/(mK)

Heat transfer in single-phase flow

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Equations:
l

19.77

Nu =

0.02808

w l

10

Re =

12

6587625 =
0.000018

Nu = Nu0 K

Nul,0

12

8449 =

8449

(6)

Nulam

8449 =

8449 =

+ Nuturb
2

1517

8312

(5)

(1)

(2)

3
Nulam

= 0.664

Re

Pr
3

1517 = 0.664

Nuturb

6587625

0.037 Re0.8

Pr

0.7046

=
1 + 2.443 Re-0.1

0.037

(Pr2/3

6587625

0.8

- 1)

0.7046

8312 =
1 + 2.443

6587625

-0.1

0.7046

2/3

- 1 )

Influence of the dependence of the properties on the temperature:


Liquids:
nF
KF = (Pr / PrW )

0.25

1 = (

0.7046 /

0.7046 )

1 = (

253.2 /

318.1 )

Gases:
nG
KG = (T / TW )

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Inside heat transfer coefficient, bottom*
4. Horizontal plane surfaces
Heat emission at upper side (lower surface cooled)

Boundary conditions:
Area of the body flown-around
Perimeter of the projection surface

A
U

113.1
37699

Characteristic length
Acceleration due to gravity

l
g

3000
9.81

Temperature on the surface


Temp. of fluid outside the boundary layer
Temperature difference (0 - )

m
mm
mm
m/s

(11)

C
C
K

42.71
50
7.287

Properties:
Mean temperature (0 + ) / 2
Density
Specific heat capacity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Coefficient of thermal expansion

cp

46.36
897.9
1930
171
0.000190
0.124
0.000707

Pr
Gr
Ra

2661 3.765E+7 1.00E+11 -

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K

Chararcteristic values:
Prandtl number
Grashof number
Rayleigh number
Prandtl
Nusselt
Nusselt
Nusselt

function
number laminar
number turbulent
number

f2(Pr)
Nu_l
Nu_t
Nu

0.9874
121.1
693.7
693.7

a
A
Q

28.67
113.1
-23.63

(3)
(4)
(20)
(18)
(19)

Heat transfer:
Heat transfer coefficient
Exchange surface
Convective heat flux

W/(mK) (2)
m
kW

Heat transfer by natural convection around immersed bodies

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Equations:
a =
=

Nu / l

(2)

9.81

(3)

0.000707
0.000190

Ra =

l =

W/(mK)

28.67

g l
Gr =

3 =

0.124 /

693.7

7.287 = 3.765E+7

Gr Pr = 3.765E+7

2661 = 1.00E+11

A / U

37.7 =

mm

113.1 /

3000

(4)

(11)

1/5
Nul =

0.766

0.766

Ra

f2 (Pr)

(18)

1/5
1.00E+11

0.9874

121.1

1/3
Nut =

0.15

Ra

0.15

f2 (Pr) =

1 +

0.322 /

1 +

0.322 /

f2 (Pr)

(19)

1/3
1.00E+11

0.9874

11/20

693.7

-20/11

Pr

(20)

11/20
2661

-20/11
=

0.9874

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Outside heat transfer coefficient, shell*
Heat loss in insulated pipelines (exposed)

Parameters:
Temperature medium inside
Air temperature
Inside diameter of the pipe
Inside heat transfer coefficient
Wind velocity

i
a
d1
i
w

50
-20
12000
17.68
10

C
C
mm
W/(mK)
m/s

Heat transfer:
Wall thickness

Thermal conductivity
0
1
2

52
0.04
1

W/(mK)
W/(mK)
W/(mK)

d2
Outside diameter of the pipe
Outside diameter of the insulation 1
d3
Outside diameter of the insulation 2
d4
Temperature difference
i -a
Auxiliary variable
D

12016
12216
12216
70
2.578

mm
mm
mm
C
mK/W

Outside heat transfer coefficient

41.67

W/(mK)

Heat loss per unit of length


Pipe length
Heat loss absolute

Q/l
l
Q

-1032

W/m
mm
kW

Temperatures:
Temperature medium inside
Wall temperature inside
Wall temperature outside
Insulation
Surface temperature
Air temperature

i
Wi
Wa
Iso
O
a

50
48.45
48.45
-19.35
-19.35
-20

C
C
C
C
C
C

Tube
Insulation 1
Insulation 2

s0
s1
s2

8
100
0

mm
mm
mm

Calculation:

Heat loss of walls and pipeworks

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Equations:

D = d4

+
i d1

d2

ln
2 1

ln

17.68

1
2

12

12.22

0.04

ln
2

12.02

52

12.22
ln

d3

12.02
ln

12

d4
ln

2 3

d2

12.22

1
+

2 2

d1

1
=

d3

2.578

mK/W

12.22

For static air (w=0) is valid:


a = 8 + 0.04

O - a

= 8 + 0.04

-19.35 -

1/a =

For wind follows:

-20

8.026

0.024 = f(

W/(mK)

10 ;

12.22 )

d4 ( i - a )
Q/l =
D + 1 / a
12.22 (

50 -

-20 )
=

2.578 + 1 /

-1032

W/m

41.67

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Inside heat transfer coefficient, wet shell*
2. Vertical areas (cylinders)

Boundary conditions:
Height of the cylinder
Diameter of the cylinder

h
D

14000
12000

mm
mm

Characteristic length
Acceleration due to gravity

l
g

14000
9.81

mm
m/s

Temperature on the surface


Temp. of fluid outside the boundary layer
Temperature difference (0 - )

48.47
50
1.534

C
C
K

Properties:
Mean temperature (0 + ) / 2
Density
Specific heat capacity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Coefficient of thermal expansion

cp

49.23
897.9
1930
171
0.000190
0.124
0.000707

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K

Pr
Gr
Ra

2661
8.056E+8
2.14E+12

(3)
(4)

f1 (Pr)
Nu_P
Nu

0.986
1995
1996

(13)
(12)
(14)

Characteristic values:
Prandtl number
Grashof number
Rayleigh number
Prandtl function
Nusselt number for plate
Nusselt number

Heat transfer:
Heat transfer coefficient
Exchange surface
Convective heat flux

A
Q

17.68
527.8
-14.32

W/(mK) (2)
m
kW

Heat transfer by natural convection around immersed bodies

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Equations:
=

Nu / l

1996

17.68

W/(mK)

9.81

(3)

14

0.000707
0.000190

Ra =

14 =

0.124 /

g l
Gr =

(2)

1.534 = 8.056E+8

Gr Pr = = 8.056E+8

2661 = 2.14E+12
1/6

Nu_P =

0.825 + 0.387

0.825 + 0.387

Ra

2.14E+12

1 +

0.492 /

1 +

0.492 /

+ 0.87

1995 + 0.87

2
=

1995

-16/9

Pr

(13)

9/16

Nu_P

(4)

(12)

0.986

9/16
f1 (Pr) =

f1 (Pr)
1/6

Nu =

-16/9
=

2661

/
14 /

0.986

(14)
12

1996

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Inside heat transfer coefficient, dry shell*
2. Vertical areas (cylinders)

Boundary conditions:
Height of the cylinder
Diameter of the cylinder

h
D

1000
12000

Characteristic length
Acceleration due to gravity

l
g

1000
9.81

Temperature on the surface


Temp. of fluid outside the boundary layer
Temperature difference (0 - )

41.5
50
8.496

mm
mm
mm
m/s
C
C
K

Properties:
Mean temperature (0 + ) / 2
Density
Specific heat capacity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Coefficient of thermal expansion

cp

45.75
1.078
1008
0.01964
0.000018
0.02808
0.003101

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K

Pr
Gr
Ra

0.7046
7.789E+8
5.488E+8

(3)
(4)

f1 (Pr)
Nu_P
Nu

0.3459
102.1
102.1

(13)
(12)
(14)

Characteristic values:
Prandtl number
Grashof number
Rayleigh number
Prandtl function
Nusselt number for plate
Nusselt number

Heat transfer:
Heat transfer coefficient
Exchange surface
Convective heat flux

A
Q

2.868
37.7
-0.9186

W/(mK) (2)
m
kW

Heat transfer by natural convection around immersed bodies

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.pdf

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Equations:
=
=

Nu / l
102.1

2.868

W/(mK)

9.81

(3)

0.003101
0.000018

Ra =

1 =

0.02808 /

g l
Gr =

(2)

8.496 = 7.789E+8

Gr Pr = = 7.789E+8

0.7046 = 5.488E+8
1/6

Nu_P =

0.825 + 0.387

0.825 + 0.387

Ra

5.488E+8

1 +

0.492 /

1 +

0.492 /

+ 0.87

102.1 + 0.87

2
=

102.1

-16/9

Pr

(13)

9/16

Nu_P

(4)

(12)

0.3459

9/16
f1 (Pr) =

f1 (Pr)
1/6

Nu =

-16/9
=

0.7046

/
1 /

0.3459

(14)
12

102.1

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.pdf

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Inside heat transfer coefficient, roof*
4. Horizontal plane surfaces
Heat emission at lower surface (upper surface cooled)

Boundary conditions:
Area of the body flown-around
Perimeter of the projection surface

A
U

113.1
37699

Characteristic length
Acceleration due to gravity

l
g

3000
9.81

Temperature on the surface


Temp. of fluid outside the boundary layer
Temperature difference (0 - )

44.97
50
5.027

m
mm
mm
m/s

(11)

C
C
K

Properties:
Mean temperature (0 + ) / 2
Density
Specific heat capacity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Coefficient of thermal expansion

cp

47.49
1.078
1008
0.01964
0.000018
0.02808
0.003101

Pr
Gr
Ra

0.7046 1.24E+10 8.768E+9 -

(3)
(4)

f1 (Pr)
Nu

0.3459 47.26 -

(13)
(21)

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K

Characteristic values:
Prandtl number
Grashof number
Rayleigh number
Prandtl function
Nusselt number

Heat transfer:
Heat transfer coefficient
Exchange surface
Convective heat flux

a
A
Q

0.4424
113.1
-0.2515

W/(mK) (2)
m
kW

Heat transfer by natural convection around immersed bodies

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Equations:
a =
=

Nu / l
47.26
g l

W/(mK)

(3)
3

0.003101
0.000018

l =

0.4424

9.81

Ra =

0.02808 /

Gr =

(2)

5.027 = 1.24E+10

Gr Pr = 1.24E+10

0.7046 = 8.768E+9

A / U =

37.7 =

113.1 /

9/16
f1 (Pr) =

1 +

0.492 /

1 +

0.492 /

(4)

mm

3000

(11)

-16/9

Pr

(13)

9/16

-16/9
=

0.7046

0.3459

1/5
Nu =

0.6

0.6

Ra

f1 (Pr)

(21)

1/5
8.768E+9

0.3459

47.26

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.pdf

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Heat transfer radiation inside, roof*
Calculation of the heat flux by radiation

A1
A2

Area
113.1
113.1

Emissivity
0.9 0.8 -

1
2

m
m

T1
T2

Temperature
50 C
44.97 C

(=
(=

50
44.97

C )
C )

View factors:
12
21

0.8466
0.8466

21

= A1 /A2 12

Calculation of the emitted energy:


Ei

= i Ti

E1

556.5

; = 5.6704 10-8

W/m

E2

464.6

W/(m2 K4 )
W/m

Calculation of heat flux:


.
Q12

1 2 A1

(T1
1 - (1 -

.
Q12

12

2.629

1 )(1 kW

- T2

2 ) 12 21
Q21

2.629

kW

Equivalent heat transfer coefficient


.
Q
=

A (T1 - T2 )
12

4.624

Surface radiation

W/(mK)

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.pdf

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Physical properties of heating medium*

Name of the oil


Transcal LT
Material structure
naphthene base
Manufacturer
BP
Former product/Comment
Range of application

State 1
136

Temperature
Density

Specific heat capacity


cp
Dynamic viscosity

Kinematic viscosity

Thermal conductivity

Coef. of thermal expansion


Thermal diffusivity
a
Prandtl number
Pr
Specific enthalpy
h
Vapour pressure
pD

796.9
2342
1.183
0.000001
0.125
0.000775
6.694E-8
22.18
0
604.7

Pour point
Initial boiling point
Minimum operating temperature
Maximum operating temperature

Properties of heat transfer oils

-20
71
280
155
240
0.01
0.01

cp

pD

900
1800
730
0.0003
0.136

803.1
2309
1.358
0.000002
0.1255
0.000781
6.766E-8
24.97
0
427.1

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K
m/s
kJ/kg
Pa

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
mgKOH/g
%
Vol-%
kg/kmol

min

Temperature
Density
Specific heat capacity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Vapour pressure

kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K
m/s
kJ/kg
Pa

-54
290
-20
260

Minimum temperature filling


Minimum temperature startup
Maximum film temperature
Flash point
Ignition temperature
Neutralization number
Coke residue
Explosion limit
Molecular weight

State 2
126.3

max
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
Pa

732
2770
0.35
4.9E-07
0.118
28000

kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
Pa

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.pdf

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Tube-side heat transfer*
Constant wall temperature
Circular pipes
Inlet temperature
Outlet temperature
Mean temperature
Density of the fluid
Specific heat capacity of the fluid
Thermal conductivity of the fluid
Dynamic viscosity of the fluid
Kinematic viscosity of the fluid
Prandtl number
Prandtl number at wall temperature

e
a
m

cp

Pr
PrW

C
C
C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
W/(mK)
mPas
m/s
-

140
131.9
136
796.9
2342
0.125
1.183
0.000001
22.18
24.97

Fluid:
liquid <0> or gas <1>
0 = Circular pipes, 1 = Non-circular pipes

<
<

0 >
0

Pipe length
Inside diameter of the pipe
Cross sectional area of the pipe
Perimeter of the pipe
Hydraulic diameter

l
23326
di
54.5
f
0.002333
u
171.2
dh =
54.5

mm
mm
m
mm
mm

Total mass flow


Total volume flow
Number of pipes with parallel flow
Mass flow per pipe
Velocity
Reynolds number

Mg
Vg
Z
M =
w =
Re =

7963
9.992
1
7963
1.19
43683

kg/h
m/h
kg/h
m/s
-

-41.75

Q = Mg cp (a - e )

Balance:

kW

Results: Constant wall temperature


Nu

469.5

0.125

dh

w dh
Re =

W/(mK)

0.0545

1.19

796.9

/ 1000
Nu_m_
Nu_m_
Nu_m_T
Nu_m

1076

0.0545

=
=
=
=

43683

1.183 / 1000
(laminar non-disturbed flow Re < 2300)
(laminar entrance flow Re < 2300)
(turbulent flow Re > 10000)
(transition zone 2300 Re 10000)

475.7

[6]
[12]
[26]
[29]

Factor K:
0.11
Liquids:
Gases:

K = (Pr/PrW )
n
K = (T/TW )

Nu = Nu_m(_,T) K =
Heat transfer: Q

0.987

for n =

0
[40,41]

469.5

=
-41746 =

Wall temperature W

1076
125.7

3.994

l og
-9.711

Heat transfer in pipe flow

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Calculations:
Re < 2300

Laminar flow:

Laminar non-disturbed flow:


HW = Re Pr dh/l =

2263
1/3

Nu_m__2 = 1.615 HW
3
Nu_m_ =

3.66

[5]
3

3
+ 0.7

1/3

Nu_m__2 - 0.7

=
[6]

3
=

3.66

3
+ 0.7

3
+

1/3

- 0.7

Laminar entrance flow:


1/6
2
Nu_m__3 =

HW

1 + 22 Pr
1/6
2
=

1 + 22

3
Nu_m_ =

3.66

2263

[11]

22.18

3
+ 0.7

3
Nu_m__2 - 0.7

1/3

+ Nu_m__3

=
[12]

3
=

3.66

Turbulent flow:

3
+ 0.7

3
+

- 0.7

1/3

Re > 10000

= [1.8 log Re - 1.5]

-2

-2
= [ 1.8 log

43683 - 1.5 ]

0.0213

[27]

2/3
/8 Re Pr

dh

Nu_m_T =

1 +

2/3
/8

1 + 12.7

(Pr

=
l

-1)

[26]
2/3

0.0213 /8

43683

22.18

0.0545

1 + 12.7

Nu_m_T =

0.0213 /8 (

2/3
-1)
22.18

1 +
23.33

475.7

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Transition zone:

2300

Re 10000
1/3

Nu_m__2_2300 = 1.615 (2300 Pr dh/l)

[32]

7.948

1/6
2
Nu_m__3_2300 =

2300 Pr dh/l =

[33]

4.366

1 + 22 Pr
3
Nu_m_L_2300 =

49.371

Nu_m_L_2300 =

8.007

Nu_m__2_2300 - 0.7

1/3

+ Nu_m__3_2300
[31]
2/3

(0.0308/8) 10000 Pr

dh

Nu_m_T_10000 =

2/3
1 + 12.7

0.0308/8 (Pr

1 +
l

-1)
[37]

Nu_m_T_10000 =

135

Re - 2300
=

43683 - 2300
=

10000 - 2300

[30]

10000 - 2300

Nu_m = (1 - ) Nu_m_L_2300 + Nu_m_T_10000 =

[29]

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.pdf

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Heat transfer coil around tubes*
5. Horizontal curved areas (Cylinder)

Cylinder:
Outside diameter
Wall thickness
Inside diameter
Thermal conductivity
Characteristic length
Acceleration due to gravity

do
s
di

l
g

60.3
2.9
54.5
52
94.72
9.81

mm
mm
mm
W/(mK)
mm
m/s

Temperatures and properties:


Temperature on the surface
Temp. of fluid outside the boundary layer
Temperature difference (0 - )

125.7
50
75.7

C
C
K

Mean temperature (0 + ) / 2
Density
Specific heat capacity
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Coefficient of thermal expansion

cp

87.85
874.3
2062
33.19
0.000038
0.1214
0.00072

C
kg/m
J/(kgK)
mPas
m/s
W/(mK)
1/K

Characteristic values:
Prandtl number
Grashof number
Rayleigh number

Pr
Gr
Ra

563.8
315094
1.777E+8

(3)
(4)

f3 (Pr)
Nu

0.9647
97.47

(24)
(22)

Prandtl function
Nusselt number

Heat transfer:
Heat transfer coefficient (free convection)
Convective heat flux

o
Q

124.9
41.75

W/(mK) (2)
kW

Balance for the calculation of the surface temperature:


Heating medium
Specific heat capacity
cp
2342
Density
796.9

Mass flow
m
7963
Volume flow
V
9.992
Inlet temperature
140
in
Outlet temperature
131.9
out
Mean temperature
136
m

J/(kgK)
kg/m
kg/h
m/h
C
C
C

Duty

QH

kW

Tube-side velocity

1.19

m/s

Heat transfer coefficient inside


Fouling inside
Fouling outside
Overall heat transfer coefficient

i
fi
fo
k

1076
0
0
110

W/(mK)
mK/W
mK/W
W/(mK)

Length of the cylinder


Area of the cylinder

L
A

-41.75

23326
4.419

mm
m

Heat transfer by natural convection around immersed bodies

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

Beispiel TANK 2014-HFO-eng.rtf - tank_example.pdf

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout

Equations:
a =
=

Nu / l

(2)
0.1214 /

97.47
g l

Gr =

124.9

W/(mK)

9.81

(3)

0.09472

0.000038

Ra =

0.09472 =

Gr Pr

0.00072

75.7 =

315094

315094

563.8 = 1.777E+8

1/6
Nu =

0.752 + 0.387

Ra

0.752 + 0.387

1.777E+8

f3 (Pr) =

1 +

0.559 /

Pr

1 +

0.559 /

563.8

(4)

f3 (Pr)

(22)

1/6

9/16

2
=

0.9647

97.47

-16/9
(24)

9/16

-16/9
=

0.9647

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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TANK

2014

Sample Printout
Pressure drop in coil*
Straight pipes

Parameters of the pipe:


Length of pipe
Inside diameter of pipe
Absolute roughness
Number of pipes with parallel flow

l
di
K
NR

23326
54.5
0.04
1

Properties:
Density
Dynamic viscosity
Kinematic viscosity

796.9
1.183
0.000001

Total mass flow


Mass flow per pipe
Volume flow per pipe
Velocity of the fluid

mg
mR
VR
wi

7963
7963
9.992
1.19

Result:
Flow pattern
Pressure drop
Reynolds-Number
Drag coefficient

p
Rei

turbulent
5736
43683
0.02376

mm
mm
mm
-

kg/m
mPas
m/s
kg/h
kg/h
m/h
m/s

(Re > 2320)


Pa
-

Equations:
wi di
Rei

1.19

796.9

0.0545

0.001
Rei =

43683 > 2320

2.51

K / di
+

Rei

3.71

2.51

0.00004 /

= -2 lg
43683

wi

p =

5736

0.02376

3.71

796.9

23.33
=

di

0.0545

0.02376

p =

turbulent flow

= -2 lg

43683

1.183 0.001

0.02376

1.19

0.0545

Pa

Pressure drop in flow through pipes

02-Dec-14 1:20 PM

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