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Lecture 4

Lect 4

Performance
of a
basic Jet engine

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

Simple single spool turbojet engine

Axial Compressor

Comb. Chamber

Turbine

Single shaft

Nozzle

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

Single Spool Turbojet Engine


CENTRIFUGAL

COMBUSTION
CHAMBER

JET
EXHAUST

INJECTOR

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

Single Spool Turbojet Engine with Reheat


Jet Pipe
Cold
Air

C-D Nozzle

Reheat
zone

Flame Holders

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

Consider the Thrust Equation

.Ve - m
.Va + Ae.(Pe- Pa)
Fn= m
By Reheating it is intended to increase magnitude
of the exit velocity Ve by employing ConvergentDivergent nozzle which can produce supersonic exit
velocity
Increased Ve would decrease Pe and take it below Pa
This would result in a negative pressure thrust
Hence, it is necessary that a reheat engine has
sufficient pressure after the turbine to create high
velocity jet. For this a larger compressor is required.

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

Compressors 9 stages

Jet Pipe

Nozzle system

A modern afterburning very low bypass turbofan engine

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

Thrust of a basic turbojet engine (momentum thrust)

a+ m
f)Ve-m
a.Va
Fn=(m
Where,

a
m

is the air mass flow


through the engine
f is the fuel mass flow injected
m
in to the engine
Ve , Va are the air velocity into the
engine and the same exiting
the engine
Ve is dependant on energy
Ve is also dependant on propulsive

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

Thrust of a reheat turbojet engine (momentum thrust)

f-CC+ m
f-Rht)Ve- m
a.Va
a+ m
Fn=(m
Where

f-Reheat
m
Ve

is the fuel input during


the reheat or afterburning
process
is dependant on energy ,
and propulsive

Hence unless the fuel is burn efficiently and


then energy is converted efficiently to Ve
thrust production will not be efficient
Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

Lect 4

The overall engine efficiencies are given by

.Va .( Ve Va )
m
= p. e
O =

f .Q
m
fuel
.Va .( Ve Va )
m

.
=
=
O - reheat
p
AB
e - AB

f -cc + mf -rht ].Q fuel


[m

Specific fuel consumptions

SFC =

SFCReheat

m f cc
Fn
m f cc + m f rht
=
Fn reheat

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

10

Lect 4

For jet engines with reheat or afterburning, the


fuel consumption would be quite high, and SFC
would show up as high value.
In such operation sheer thrust requirement
outweighs the high SFC.

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

11

Lect 4

M=1.0

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

12

Lect 4

Thrust of a bypass engine

a.Va]hot-jet
a+ m
f)Ve-hot-m
Fn=[(m
a-bypass [Ve-bypass Va]
+ m
SFC of a bypass engine

f cc
m
SFC =
Fnhot + Fncold

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

13

Lect 4

Overall Efficiency of Bypass Jet engine

.Va .( Ve Va )
m
=
= p. e

f .Q
m
fuel

Exhaust Jet waste

2
2

mhot .( V e -hot Va ) + mcold .( V e -bypass Va )

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

14

Lect 4

Propulsive Efficiency of the bypass jet engine


a .V a .( V e Va ) ]
a .V a .( V e Va ) ]
[m
+ [m
hot
bypass

=
p m
a - core .[Va .( V e Va )

hot ] + ma -bypass [V a .( V e Va ) ] bypass


2
( Ve -hot Va )
a - core
m
2
2

=
1+

Ve
average

where, V
=
e - average

2
( Ve - cold Va )
+ m a-bypass
2

+m
.V
.V
a - hot e - hot
a - bypass e - bypass

+m
m
a - hot
a - bypass

Va

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

15

Lect 4

Single Spool Turbofan engine


Cold Bypass

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

16

Lect 4

Next class :
Multi-spool Turbojet and Turbofan engines

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

17

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