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this is the 31st lecture and the FO a series of lectures

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I fiber optics and this lecture
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we're going to talk about wavelength division multiplexing
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a technique used to share an optical fiber
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among many different signals Hall simultaneously
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wavelength division multiplexing uses that
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fact that light can be traveling down the fiber
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simultaneously from many different colors of why
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without mixing or interfering with each other
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we've seen this all the time
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I liked being dispersed fire prism where all the different colors is like a
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are able to move through the air simultaneously
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until they reach the prism which separates them into their component
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colors
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we can do exactly the same saying Apple fiber
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so let's use a large core plastic fibre
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and some laser pointers to see exactly what's happening
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wavelength division multiplexing is used
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this is a large
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stick fiber and will use a red laser pointer
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Andrew modulated to show how signals are typically modulated
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and the optical fiber

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now to I read laser pointer
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lets a degree major pointer and as you can see
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weekend modulate the green light other red light
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isn't bothered at all by the second light traveling in the fiber
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if we had other colors and laser pointers
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we can even had more colors and this is a good example how to callers
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can be transmitted simultaneously down the fiber
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without interfering with each other
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Chester show
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France for the collars let's reverse it will take the green light and send it
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down the center is a5 her
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and then we'll start sending red light through separately
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and as you can see exactly the same thing happens
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the green light is not bother to now and the modulation is a red light
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in the same fighter
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this technique was first used for wavelength division multiplexing
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in sending Ste two signals over 15 yr
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the same time you simply need to cut waste
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to couple the light and two and have the fighter to different sources to differ
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receivers and optical filters those filters
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stop one color flight and let the other through
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so the two branches of the collar coupler on the receiver and

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can carry different signals to read detectors
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simultaneously actually that pine systems passive optical networks
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for fiber to the home work somewhat similar to this today
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except they're sending fiber signals and opposite directions
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and different colors the same technique applies
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it's typical
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sense networks today to use wavelength division multiplexing
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I'm very long distance lakes here we use dense wavelength division multiplexing
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made more than sixty four channels tightly spaced
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with fiber amplifiers for repeaters we also can use coarse wavelength division
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multiplexing
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with fewer channels wider spaced
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for those we need low water P hyper
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which allows asked to use the entire spectrum
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a single mode fiber in assistance today
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its preferred to and waved flags instead of having more fibers
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and you can use it for bi directional signals over single fiber
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as is used in fiber to the home
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system has its own way flag
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range DWDM use tightly space way flanks
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and the Rangers roughly 14 15 16 15 animators
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that's the range where fiber amplifiers can typically be used

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and long-distance systems to happen if I the signal
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for repeaters coarse wavelength division multiplexing
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uses broader space way flanks over the full range
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I've 1282 1615 animators
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before Rangers single-mode fiber but it needs low-water peak fiber
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so the high attenuation in the water peaks as attenuate the signals
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for critical way flax
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away flanks used in DWDM
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and CWDM are quite different because
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DWDM has so many different channels
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the lasers are spaced 80 points
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8 Nana meters massive one animator
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and the stability of these way flanks
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requires using expensive DFB lasers
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coarse wavelength division multiplexing
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uses lasers at twenty Nana meter spacing
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so it's much less critical on the way flanks
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have all the different lasers
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im long-distance networks fiber amplifiers are use
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to regenerate to signup it's not a repeater is just an amplifier
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it does it convert the signal to an electrical signal and then back to an
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optical signal

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and actually works more like a fiber amplifier
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where the incoming signal goes in December be in doubt fiber
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hot buy a pump laser and we get stimulated emission
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along fiber amplifier fiber itself
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he's erbium-doped fiber amplifiers work in that 1450
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1615 at a meter range that's used for dense wavelength division
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multiplexing look for another video soon on fiber amplifiers
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where
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terms that uses wavelength division multiplexing
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it's not uncommon on longer lengths of fiber
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to task spectral attenuation because we need to ensure
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that over the entire band that we're doing our wavelength division
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multiplexing
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that the fiber can transmit the signals
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with roughly equal attenuation systems
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tested this way are generally tested with Broadway flank sources
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to cover the entire wavelength range we have
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another video I'm testing long-distance networks
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that goes into more detail I'm testing
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testing
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do you have
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p.m. system ur CWDM system isn't all that difficult

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after is it way flights have been the multiplexed
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into each individual wavelength channel any standard power meter 10 Asia power
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back the individual services maybe
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requiring testing for Wavelink as the wavelength is critical
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for making sure that the system operates properly
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if the way for exchanges the d multiplexing and multiplexing
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have the wavelength may not work properly
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before he has many other videos lectures on fiber optics
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in for missus cabling hats and fiber optics
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and hands-on videos for both fiber and copper
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on our YouTube sacked please be sure to check those out
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and see what others you're interested in where the fiber optic Association
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the International professional society
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a fiber optics promoting fiber
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through education certification
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and testing find out more on our website
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www the F away
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gotta work