Final Report

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014
Chapter - 1
INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The transformation of Sri Kempegowdas 16th Century Garden City
Bangalore to todays Silicon Valley has been rapid. The city has grown from 21
Sqkm. in 1897 to 800 Sqkm. in 2013. The capital of Karnataka, Bangalore, is the
fifth largest city in the country, is the perfect blend of natural beauty man made
marvels of architecture and technology. The city is the second fastest growing in
the world after Mexico City.
The city which was originally developed as a garden city subsequently

became an administrative, industrial center and lately transformed itself into the
software hub of India. Bangalore city, which had an area of 28.85 sq. km in 1901,
had grown to 174.7 Sq. km in 1971 and presently it has expanded to nearly 800
Sq. km. The last three decades have witnessed rapid growth in the population of
Bangalore city. The city, which had a population of 29.14 lakh in 1981, has
currently reached a level of nearly 8.426 million in 2011. It is expected that the
population will be about 110 lakh by 2015. Traffic and other infrastructure has
become one of the key problems due to the rapid growth of the city. There were
hardly any high rise buildings. The population of the city exploded during the last
three decades. From a population of about 2.9 million in 1981, it is going to
surpass 12 million by 2022. Figure 1.1 shows the growth of population projected
as on 2022 in Bangalore. The value as on 2020 will be of the order of 121 lakhs
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Fig 1.1
1.2 Key Map

The proposed grade separator is located in the western part of Bangalore City,
acts as a link between Magadi road and Basaveshwara nagar and is one of the
busiest stretches in the city. This junction attracts a lot of traffic throughout the
day as either side of the corridor is populated with establishments like Adyar
Anand Bhavan, Government Homeopathy College, A D Halli Park, and also welldeveloped Residential Areas like Vijaynagar, Govindrajnagar, Priyadarshini Layout,
K H B Layout , etc. fig 1.2 shows the key map of the proposed grade separator.
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Fig 1.2
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Chapter - 2
Objectives and scope of study
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Chapter - 2
Objectives and scope of study
2.1 General
Junctions located in the Western Part of the City. The Project Junction along
Magadi Road connects with Outer Ring Road in the west at a distance of
about 2.2km away and with Chord Road in the east at a distance of about
1.5km away. The Junction is surrounded by Residential Layouts such as
Vijay Nagar, K. H. B. Colony, Govindaraja Nagar, Kamakshipalya, Prashant
Nagar Colony, Basaveshwara Nagar, etc. and Industrial Establishments like
Rajaji Nagar Industrial Town, Kamakshipalya Industrial Estate, etc.
The Primary Objectives of the Study are
To effectively and optimally manage Traffic at the Project Junction.
To conduct necessary Surveys and Investigations to arrive at Alignment
Alternatives for Traffic Improvement at the Project Junction.
To suggest Optimal and Feasible Junction Improvement Measures to
reduce travel time.
To improve the existing Junction to streamline Traffic Flow at Grade
Level.
To improve the Environmental Conditions near the Project Junction by
reducing Idle Time.
To reduce the Vehicle Operation Cost of the Road Users commuting
through this Junction.
To reduce Traffic Accidents at the Junction.
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To summarise, the Main Objective of the Study of this Junction is to offer to

the Road Users commuting through this Junction Comprehensive
Connectivity, Convenience, Comfort, Affordability, Safety and Aesthetics.
2.2 Project Scope

The Scope of the Study to be carried out involves the following.
Review of Available Data and Reports.
Topographical Survey of the Project Junction.
Necessary Traffic Survey to obtain Data and its Analysis for the Concept
Proposal.
Geotechnical Investigation.
Study of Alternative Solutions and Evaluation of the same.
Selection of Feasible Alternative.
Work out Traffic Management / Diversion and Traffic Engineering
Schemes.
2.3 Approach Methodology
The Activities that are involved in the Preparation of Detailed Project Report
for Construction of Underpass at the Junction of Magadi Road and
Basaveshwara Nagar Road, Bangalore are briefed below.
2.3.1 Stage 1
To define the Objectives and Scope of Work.
To plan Approach and Methodology, Data Collection.
Carry out Field Reconnaissance Survey that includes Site Appreciation,

Identification of Survey Locations and Site Constraints.
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2.3.2 Stage 2
Data Collection
Engineering Surveys and Investigations
1. Classified Turning Traffic Volume Survey.
2. Topographic Survey.
3. Geotechnical Investigation.
Secondary Data
1. Economic Indicators affecting Traffic Growth.
2. Details of any on going Road Improvements, Junction
Improvements, Grade Separator Schemes; Footpath Improvement
Scheme.
Analysis of Traffic Volume Count in deciding the Alignment of Grade
Separation Scheme.
Analysis of Surface Level Improvements based on the Traffic Data and
Proposed Grade Separation Scheme.
Analysis of Traffic Circulation at Surface Level based on Proposed
Scheme.
Design suitable Traffic Improvement Measures to reduce Conflicting
Traffic Stream.
Preparation of Layout Drawings and Longitudinal Sections of the
Proposals conceptualized.
2.3.3 Stage 3
Basic Engineering Designs, Drawings and Longitudinal

Sections of the Approved Concept.
Geometrical design.
Designing of Retaining wall of Underpass
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Designing of Box Portion of Underpass
2.4 Design Philosophy

The Technical Proposal given in this Detailed Project Report
consists of four lanes divided bi directional Underpass along
Magadi Road, its Basic Engineering Designs and Drawings and all
relevant Technical Data / Details based on the Studies and
Investigations stated in Section 2.2.
The Design Standards that will be adopted in the Design of
Proposed Underpass at the Junction of Magadi Road and
Basaveshwara Nagar Road, Bangalore shall be in accordance with
the Codal Provisions of India as stipulated by the Indian Road
Congress (IRC), the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
(MoRT&H) and the Bureau of Indian Standard Specifications
(BIS). Deviations may be considered in Planning Parameters, if
absolutely necessary, considering the Dense Urban Conditions
from the present Codal Provisions. These Modifications in the
Design shall be adopted based on Sound Engineering Practices.
The Basic Engineering Designs and Drawings presented as part of
this Detailed Project Report are based on the Studies and
Investigations carried
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2.5 Approach Methodology
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Traffic Survey
Designing of
Retaining wall
Geometrical
Design
Designing of
Box portion
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Chapter - 3
Site Characteristics
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Chapter 3
Site Characteristics
3.1 Junction Details Physical
The Junction of Magadi Road Basaveshwara Nagar Road is one of the
most important and busiest Junctions located on Magadi Road (SH 17E) in
the Western Part of the City. The Project Junction along Magadi Road
connects with Outer Ring Road in the west at a distance of about 2.2km
away and with Chord Road in the east at a distance of about 1.5km away.
The Junction is surrounded by Residential Layouts such as Vijay Nagar, K.
H. B. Colony, Govindaraja Nagar, Kamakshipalya, Prashant Nagar Colony,
Basaveshwara Nagar, etc. and Industrial Establishments like Rajaji Nagar
Industrial Town, Kamakshipalya Industrial Estate, etc. This is a typical three
legged (T Shaped) Intersection in which Magadi Road forms the East
West Axis and Road towards Basaveshwara Nagar forms the North Axis.
The Details of the Arms forming this Intersection are as follows.
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3.1.1 Arm (Magadi Road) towards Chord Road Side of the

Intersection
This part of the Road is divided bi directional with 0.3m wide Central
Median. The Carriageway Width of this Stretch varies between 20m and
21m whereas the ROW of this Road varies between 39m and 40m near the
Junction. Slip Road of average width of 9m is present on southern side of
this Stretch of Road. The Gradient is slopping away from the Junction.
Thickly Developed Commercial and Residential Establishments are present
on either side of this Stretch of Road.
3.1.2 Arm (Magadi Road) towards Outer Ring Road Side of the
Intersection
This Part of the Road is divided bi directional with 0.9m wide Central Median. The
Width of Carriageway varies between 21m and 22m whereas the ROW of this
Road varies between 35m and 36m near the Junction. Slip Road of average width
of 7m is present on southern side of this Stretch of Road. The Gradient is slopping
towards the Junction. Well Developed Commercial and Residential
Establishments, Public Service Buildings are present along this Stretch of Road.
Bus Stop is located on either side of this Stretch of Road at about 100m away from
the Junction.
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3.1.3 Arm towards Basaveshwara Nagar Side of the Intersection

This part of the Road is divided bi directional with 0.4m wide Central
Median. The Width of Carriageway varies between 15m and 16m whereas
the ROW of this Road is 24m near the Junction. The Gradient is slopping
towards the Junction. Either side of this Stretch is populated with thickly
developed Residential and Commercial Establishments.
3.2 Existing Traffic Regulations

Two directional movements are present along all the three arms of the
Junction. It is permitted to move from one arm to other two arms of the
Junction. There are Signals present at the Junction. At present the Traffic
Flow at the Junction is being controlled by Automated Traffic Signal
manned with Traffic Police Personnel.
3.3 Street Lighting Pattern

Road Side Street Lighting Arrangement along the Project Stretch is not
adequate. Hence, Provision of adequate Nos. of Street Lights along all the
Approach Arms to the Project Junction shall be incorporated in the Project
Proposal for the effective illumination.
3.4 Bus Stops
The presence of Bus Stops on the Intersecting Arm of the Junctions, four on
the Arm towards Outer Ring Road Side of the Intersection inside the
Carriageway hinders the smooth traffic movement along the Corridor near
the Junction.
3.5 Pedestrian Movement

The presence of Bus Stops, Educational Institutions, Hospital Building,
Commercial Establishments and their related activities in the vicinity of the
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Junction leads to hazardous movement pattern of the Pedestrians across the

Road, thus reducing the Safety Aspects. Further, presence of Trees, other
Utilities and Hawkers Activities on the Footpath has reduced the Effective
Width of the Footpath and in turn is obstructing the Pedestrian Movement.
Chapter - 4
Field studies and Analysis
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Chapter - 4
Field studies and Analysis
4.1 General
This Chapter presents the various Studies (Reconnaissance Survey, Traffic
Survey, Topographical Survey, etc.) and thereafter the Data, obtained as a Result
of these Studies, Analysis carried out. The Results of Analysis form Inputs for
Planning and Design of Proposed Junction Improvement Scheme, Traffic Forecast
and Economic Analysis.
4.2 Reconnaissance Survey

Reconnaissance Survey has been carried out at and around the Project
Junction and the Physical Characteristics of the Junction such as Road Geometrics,
Pavement Structure, Traffic Controls (Signs, Signals, Road Markings and Parking
Restrictions), Side Walks, Shoulders, Adjacent Land Use, Service Lines (for
example Water, Electricity, Telephone), Storm Water Drains and the Intensity of
Non Traffic Activities, which encroach upon Road Space (such as Hawkers,
Builders Materials, Market Stalls, etc.) have been studied. The Data recorded have
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been detailed out in Chapter 3 Site Characteristics. At present no Improvement

Scheme has been taken up in and around Basaveshwara Nagar Road Junction.
4.3 Traffic Surveys
To establish the Vehicular Traffic Flow Characteristics such as Hourly Variation,
Composition, Peak Hour Flows at the Junction, Turning Movement Survey of
Vehicles at the Project Junction has been conducted on first week of April.
4.3.1 Methodology for Traffic Surveys

4.3.1.1 Turning Movement Survey of Vehicles at the Junction
24 hours Manual Traffic Counts have been conducted to cover all the Vehicular
Movements at the Junction. The Vehicle Classification System adopted for the
Study is given in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1
Vehicle Classification System
Motorised Traffic
Non Motorised Traffic
2 Wheelers, Auto Rickshaw,
Passenger Car: Car, Taxi and Jeep
Bicycle, Cycle Rickshaw, Animal

Drawn Vehicle, Hand Drawn Cart
Utility Vehicle: Van and Tempo

Bus
Truck
Mini Bus
Standard Bus
Light
Commercial
Vehicle (LCV)
Heavy
Commercial
Vehicle (HCV)
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The Turning Movement Survey has been conducted to obtain Information on Mode
wise and Direction wise Turning Movement of Traffic at the Intersection. The
Survey has been conducted for 24 hours (0600 hrs. to 0600 hrs.) covering Morning
and Evening Peak Hours.
Traffic Counting has been carried out manually in two twelve hour shifts by
trained enumerators, using Hand Tally. The Count Data have been recorded at 15
minute intervals using Hand Tallies and total per hour for each vehicle category
has been computed. The Traffic Volume Count Data has been processed using the
commonly used Spreadsheet Package. The processed Hourly Traffic Volume Data
has been compiled Direction wise.
The Peak Hourly Directional Vehicular Movement Data has been used to plan and
design the Improvement Scheme such as Grade Separation and At Grade
Intersection with Traffic Signals.
4.4 Analysis of Traffic Study Data

The Data and Pertinent Information collected from the Traffic Survey have been
analysed using the Utility Software Packages (MS Excel) to obtain the required
Information concerning Traffic Characteristics at the Intersection. Findings and the
brief Discussions thereon are presented in this Section.
4.4.1 Analysis of Turning Movement Count Data

Data have been processed on quarter hourly basis to establish the most appropriate
Peak Hours. Data collected from Survey have been computerised and analysed to
study Hourly Variation of Traffic, Peak Hour Flows, Traffic Composition, etc. and
are presented below. The Counts have been classified by Category of Vehicles and
by Direction of Movement. The various Vehicle Types having different Sizes and
Characteristics have been converted into Equivalent Passenger Car Units. The
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Passenger Car Unit (PCU) Factors recommended by Indian Road Congress in

Guidelines for Capacity of Urban Roads in Plain Areas (IRC: 106 1990) have
been used. The same are detailed in Table 4.2
Table 4.2
Recommended PCU Factors for Various Types of Vehicles in Urban Roads
Sl. No.
Vehicle Type
Equivalent PCU Factors

% Composition of Vehicle
Type
Up to 10%
10%
above
Fast Vehicles
Two wheelers, Motorcycle or Scooter, etc.
0.5
0.75
Passenger car, Pick up Van
1.0
1.0
Auto Rickshaw
1.2
2.0
Light Commercial Vehicle
1.4
2.0
Truck or Bus
2.2
3.7
6
B
Agricultural Tractor Trailer

Slow Vehicles
4.0
5.0
Cycle
0.4
0.5
Cycle Rickshaw
1.5
2.0
Tonga (Horse drawn vehicle)
1.5
2.0
Hand Cart
2.0
3.0
and
4.4.2 Hourly Variation of Traffic

Hourly Variation of Vehicular Traffic Flow is presented in Fig. 4.1. The Hourly
Traffic Volume observed at the Junction varied in the range of 527 8243 PCUPH
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(Passenger Car Unit per Hour). Peak Hour Flows are observed during 0900 1000
hrs. in the morning (8243 PCU) and 1800 1900 hrs. in the evening (7876 PCU).
This Junction handles more than 5500 PCU / hr. for most part of the day (0700
2200 hrs.)
Fig.4.4.2
4.4.3 Direction wise Traffic
Peak Hour Direction wise Vehicular Traffic Flow is presented in Fig. 4.2 for the
Junction of Magadi Road and Basaveshwara Nagar Road. The Major Flow is along
Magadi Road in which Current Peak Hour Flow is 4301 PCU, which amounts to
52.18% of Junction Volume.
4.4.4 Traffic Composition

Composition of Traffic (on 24 hour basis) has been observed at the Junction and is
shown in Fig. 4.3. Share of Two Wheelers is high (32.44%). The Analysis of
Composition of Vehicles in the Traffic Stream at the Junction brings out the
following.
Passenger Vehicle Category: Two Wheelers along with Car / Jeep / Taxi and
Auto constitute 68.01% while Buses account for 7.74%.
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4.5 Topographic Survey

A Comprehensive Topographic Survey has been conducted using Total Station
Equipment to accurately map the Area and obtain the Present Information on Road
Width, Adjoining Land Use, Building Offsets and Levelling Data using Auto
Level. The GTS Bench Mark has been transferred to the Site by carrying out Fly
Levelling and the Bench Marks have been established at Site. The entire Levelling
has been carried out using GTS Bench Mark. The Profiles and Levels of the Road
Network within the Study Area have been also captured by taking Longitudinal
and Cross Section Levels. The Extent of Survey has been limited to 300m on all
the Approach Arms of the Junction and the Details have been captured adequately
for Planning and Designing of Grade Separation Scheme. The Data captured are in
3D Format, which could be directly downloaded to computers and compatible for
Modern Design Softwares. The Existing Site Features collected during
Topographical Survey are enumerated in Chapter 3 Site Characteristics.
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4.6. Traffic volume survey
Table 4.6.1
Traffic Volume at the Junction of Magadi Road and Basaveshwara Nagar Road,
Bangalore(MONDAY)
Fast Moving Vehicles
Ti
m
e
Pe
rio
d
08
00
09
00
Trucks
Dire
ctio
n
Auto
Car /
Jeep
/
Taxi
Van
/
Tem
po
Min
i
Bus
377
255
159
183
174
138
106
80
Two
Whe
eler
1-2
1-3
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Slow Moving
Vehicles
Ani
ma
O
Total
l/
t
Vehicl
Ha Cycl h
es
nd
es
e
Dr
r
aw
s
n
Total
PCU
Bus
L
C
V
HC
V
117
193
1289
1822
85
584
782
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09
00
10
00
10
00
11
00
11
00
12
00
12
00
13
00
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
394
298
155
373
1771
228
185
115
179
1100
249
129
93
166
902
176
98
89
174
800
147
74
61
53
537
234
0
0
1
429
3
0
1
1
8
3
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1435
785
514
947
5554
2026
986
664
1098
7377
427
282
177
204
131
215
1447
2039
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
192
470
332
189
414
2024
154
259
196
124
202
1217
110
278
143
112
183
1003
89
196
110
99
194
892
97
150
82
68
59
587
4
261
2
0
1
483
0
4
2
2
1
14
0
3
3
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
2
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
647
1623
873
596
1054
6240
874
2262
1089
754
1225
8243
384
259
161
186
119
196
1310
1854
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
177
401
303
158
380
1803
140
232
188
117
182
1118
108
253
131
94
169
916
81
179
100
91
177
814
87
150
75
62
54
547
2
238
0
2
1
439
0
3
1
0
1
7
0
2
0
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
595
1460
799
525
964
5653
798
2060
1001
681
1117
7510
323
219
136
157
101
165
1108
1568
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
149
338
256
133
320
1519
118
196
159
99
154
945
91
214
110
80
143
774
68
151
84
76
149
685
73
126
63
52
46
461
3
201
0
0
0
369
0
2
1
0
0
6
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
503
1231
673
440
814
4769
674
1736
844
568
942
6332
271
183
114
132
85
139
928
1313
1-3
125
99
76
132
61
494
636
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13
00
14
00
14
00
15
00
15
00
16
00
16
00
17
00
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
284
215
112
269
1276
164
133
83
129
791
179
93
67
120
649
57
127
71
64
583
106
53
44
38
387
169
1
0
0
310
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
960
623
377
620
4002
1383
766
485
727
5312
240
162
101
117
78
128
831
1181
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
111
251
190
99
238
1129
88
146
118
74
114
702
68
159
82
59
106
575
51
112
63
57
111
511
57
98
49
40
35
357
2
155
0
1
1
287
0
1
1
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
377
924
503
330
605
3570
508
1312
633
428
703
4765
245
126
138
113
92
151
870
1227
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
111
126
249
159
289
1179
51
106
120
103
234
740
45
125
79
82
156
625
26
80
85
67
143
514
69
106
58
48
42
415
2
184
1
0
1
339
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
304
729
592
459
865
3819
412
1150
721
580
1078
5169
261
135
147
121
98
162
929
1312
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
119
135
266
170
309
1260
54
113
128
110
250
790
48
133
84
87
166
665
27
86
91
72
152
549
73
113
62
51
45
442
2
196
0
0
1
361
1
1
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
324
778
631
491
923
4076
439
1230
767
621
1151
5519
307
158
173
141
116
190
1089
1539
1-3
140
64
56
32
86
379
512
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17
00
18
00
18
00
19
00
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
158
312
199
362
1478
132
151
128
294
927
156
99
103
195
782
101
106
84
179
643
132
73
60
52
519
231
1
0
0
423
2
1
1
0
6
2
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
916
744
576
1082
4786
1446
906
728
1348
6479
352
182
199
162
133
218
1253
1769
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
160
182
358
228
416
1696
73
152
173
147
337
1064
64
179
113
118
224
897
37
116
122
96
205
738
98
152
84
69
60
596
3
265
0
0
1
487
1
1
0
2
0
7
1
2
0
1
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
437
1049
850
663
1245
5497
593
1659
1034
837
1552
7443
371
192
210
171
140
230
1325
1872
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
169
191
378
241
439
1789
77
160
183
156
356
1124
68
189
120
124
237
948
39
122
129
102
216
779
104
160
88
72
63
627
3
279
1
3
1
517
2
4
1
2
0
12
0
3
2
0
1
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
1
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
463
1110
904
701
1313
5816
626
1753
1101
887
1637
7876
Table 4.6.2
Bangalore(TUESDAY)
Ti
m
e
Pe
rio
d
08
00
09
00

Dire
ctio
n
1-2
SET -JU
Two
Whe
eler
Auto
345
277
Car
/
Jee
p/
Tax
i
165
Trucks
Van
/
Tem
po
Min
i
Bus
170
120
Bus
L
C
V
H
C
V
180
Slow Moving
Vehicles
Ani
mal /
Cy
Ot
Han
cle her
d
s
s
Dra
wn
0
2
0
Total
Vehi
cles
Total
PCU
1264
1816
Page 25
09
00
10
00
10
00
11
00
11
00
12
00
12
00
13
00
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
143
401
323
143
398
1753
140
266
156
170
192
1201
111
232
135
92
150
885
78
150
104
77
192
771
88
153
82
59
59
561
3
220
0
0
2
405
0
2
0
3
0
10
0
2
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
563
1427
802
547
993
5596
776
2043
978
751
1159
7523
420
288
155
210
123
221
1428
2027
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
186
501
320
193
420
2040
164
268
188
136
213
1257
127
234
153
127
176
972
77
201
123
85
176
872
103
142
92
53
63
576
6
271
2
0
2
502
0
5
1
3
2
17
0
2
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
664
1625
882
599
1055
6253
912
2267
1103
750
1240
8299
365
244
146
186
123
178
1247
1764
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
189
378
299
168
365
1764
165
232
156
112
189
1098
123
233
165
76
134
877
101
154
123
98
176
838
88
154
88
76
70
599
2
245
0
4
2
431
0
3
0
0
2
7
0
1
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
2
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
669
1403
833
536
940
5628
894
2020
1019
704
1124
7524
343
222
145
143
121
176
1158
1652
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
133
354
256
144
329
1559
133
202
144
111
143
955
86
222
98
92
154
797
77
145
77
82
143
667
68
132
55
65
49
490
5
193
0
0
0
374
0
3
2
0
0
9
0
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
1
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
503
1256
632
495
819
4863
690
1761
779
647
938
6467
266
176
122
138
90
123
917
1284
SET -JU
Page 26
13
00
14
00
14
00
15
00
15
00
16
00
16
00
17
00
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
132
298
198
121
154
1169
101
172
142
65
132
788
64
187
99
72
111
655
143
51
132
66
72
602
56
109
54
54
43
406
2
176
1
0
0
302
0
1
0
2
0
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
498
997
627
380
513
3932
636
1437
785
480
658
5279
254
171
99
109
85
122
843
1199
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
121
234
187
109
243
1148
76
156
121
76
123
723
54
165
89
70
111
588
61
109
54
64
101
498
63
85
54
33
29
349
2
158
0
1
1
284
1
1
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
379
910
505
355
610
3602
503
1300
644
443
710
4799
254
133
143
121
102
143
899
1265
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
119
133
239
145
291
1181
45
98
132
98
154
660
56
112
85
91
139
626
31
76
72
75
151
526
76
111
55
54
32
430
3
179
1
0
2
328
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
331
710
585
463
769
3757
440
1122
724
590
891
5032
254
145
143
128
85
154
912
1281
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
123
145
221
187
293
1223
65
123
111
93
134
671
56
123
92
78
173
665
21
92
85
69
145
540
87
98
71
43
51
435
2
201
0
0
1
358
0
2
0
1
0
4
1
0
0
1
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
355
784
580
472
799
3902
497
1230
721
571
923
5224
312
159
165
154
121
188
1102
1555
SET -JU
Page 27
17
00
18
00
18
00
19
00
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
154
134
320
176
354
1450
70
123
164
131
301
948
71
159
109
111
178
793
29
123
91
92
165
654
78
141
82
51
61
534
1
222
2
0
0
413
2
2
0
2
1
8
1
0
1
1
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
407
906
770
564
1063
4812
535
1431
955
714
1351
6541
343
178
201
171
121
221
1240
1743
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
1-2
169
176
348
232
404
1672
65
165
182
156
321
1067
64
183
121
101
231
901
43
98
132
104
197
745
113
145
87
72
51
589
4
263
0
0
1
489
1
1
0
1
1
6
1
1
1
2
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
460
1033
872
671
1206
5482
625
1645
1072
856
1489
7430
356
193
198
182
151
231
1319
1884
1-3
2-1
2-3
3-1
3-2
Tot
al
181
198
178
231
419
1563
77
132
204
143
332
1081
73
199
112
133
212
927
43
131
134
98
211
799
98
153
93
65
76
636
3
281
1
2
2
520
3
3
2
2
1
13
1
3
1
0
2
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
1
3
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
480
1103
727
675
1258
5562
635
1709
1000
841
1580
7649
Table 4.6.3
Bangalore(WEDNESDAY)
Ti
m
e
Pe
rio
d
Dir
ect
ion
08
00
12
SET -JU
Two
Wheele
r
Auto
365
265
Car
/
Jee
p/
Tax
i
134
Trucks
Van /
Tem
po
Min
i
Bus
Bus
LC
V
H
CV
178
125
193
Slow Moving
Vehicles
Ani C
mal / y
Ot
Han c
he
d
l
rs
Dra e
wn
s
0
2 0
Total
Vehicle
s
Total
PCU
1264
1819
Page 28

09
00
09
00
10
00
10
00
11
00
11
00
-
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
SET -JU
183
143
114
71
89
603
810
401
221
253
187
151
236
1456
2044
287
193
131
103
69
786
991
163
124
86
76
71
520
688
385
165
178
183
49
966
1095
1784
1111
896
798
554
431
5595
7446
434
272
183
198
141
213
1453
2046
189
164
121
76
88
646
874
465
265
261
211
143
264
1616
2256
340
201
139
99
88
876
1104
192
133
99
103
76
609
784
420
197
193
204
63
1081
1251
2040
1232
996
891
599
485
15
10
6281
8314
392
263
171
193
121
193
1
3
1
1339
1884
183
132
112
76
91
599
799
411
241
243
181
145
234
1458
2053
299
173
141
96
81
795
991
163
121
102
87
71
547
715
371
177
156
182
49
940
1087
1819
1107
925
815
558
434
5678
7529
322
222
143
145
97
163
1095
1550
Page 29

12
00
12
00
13
00
13
00
14
00
14
00
15
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
SET -JU
156
112
87
71
65
498
655
345
205
221
145
134
204
1262
1788
133
143
98
92
71
540
737
142
102
76
65
59
445
582
332
145
151
152
51
833
956
1430
929
776
670
477
372
4673
6267
265
191
121
141
91
141
954
1358
132
101
67
139
56
498
636
276
158
181
45
112
165
939
1361
221
141
88
131
61
644
804
98
89
59
79
54
380
511
251
134
131
72
41
629
749
1243
814
647
607
415
309
4044
5418
249
176
108
121
76
131
864
1227
119
93
71
63
63
412
554
243
138
163
109
101
156
913
1298
181
124
89
54
53
501
643
103
81
63
61
47
360
475
246
104
112
119
40
622
714
1141
716
606
527
380
293
3672
4912
239
132
123
120
87
154
860
1221
Page 30

00
15
00
16
00
16
00
17
00
17
00
18
00
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
1
2
SET -JU
109
62
51
31
78
335
468
132
90
131
69
113
187
723
1139
256
115
89
91
63
616
744
167
97
75
71
52
462
580
193
226
145
139
34
740
960
1096
722
614
521
427
347
3736
5113
254
143
154
133
101
165
952
1351
123
64
54
32
78
355
486
141
109
123
93
120
198
784
1239
253
134
78
81
54
601
738
178
103
93
75
60
510
642
303
259
172
159
51
947
1192
1252
812
674
573
464
366
4149
5648
312
163
167
153
121
187
1107
1563
134
67
61
42
91
398
542
165
143
145
97
138
229
922
1465
320
149
105
89
80
747
915
187
139
91
91
54
566
725
359
302
187
167
61
1076
1361
1477
963
756
639
545
419
4816
6572
339
192
186
149
141
215
1226
1760
Page 31
18
00
19
00
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
171
79
71
43
109
480
653
189
161
183
121
143
267
1067
1676
345
181
121
131
78
858
1048
238
132
123
86
71
652
809
417
321
119
199
68
1129
1431
1699
1066
803
729
610
487
5412
7376
365
201
198
178
153
234
1337
1914
171
67
76
43
109
474
634
189
171
195
112
14
272
958
1428
367
176
112
134
99
896
1102
253
143
131
91
78
700
876
446
345
243
223
67
1328
1644
1791
1103
955
781
520
514
10
1
0
5693
7598
Total
Vehicle
s
Total
PCU
1216
1688
Table 4.6.4
Ti
m
e
Pe
rio
d
08
00
09
Trucks
Dir
ect
ion
12
SET -JU
Two
Wheele
r
365
Auto
Car /
Jeep
/
Taxi
Van
/
Tem
po
Min
i
Bus
Bus
LC
V
HC
V
240
162
175
85
185
Slow Moving
Vehicles
Ani
ma
l/
Cy Ot
Ha
cle her
nd
s
s
Dr
aw
n
0
2
0
Page 32

00
09
00
10
00
10
00
11
00
11
00
12
00
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
1
2
SET -JU
178
145
99
75
90
589
800
405
212
250
165
135
252
1430
2011
283
178
129
102
70
762
953
160
125
101
95
72
554
726
362
170
175
183
55
948
1096
1753
1070
916
795
507
440
10
5499
7274
436
271
189
215
130
254
1507
2132
183
150
125
75
97
637
864
483
265
285
183
142
249
1616
2233
352
205
135
116
85
902
1127
193
135
119
101
65
615
780
395
205
180
180
60
1023
1204
2042
1231
1033
870
579
514
12
11
6300
8340
401
300
150
174
125
205
1364
1964
165
135
98
95
90
586
791
385
245
265
171
151
251
1475
2109
298
192
145
110
78
828
1039
165
125
92
100
70
554
724
352
175
173
185
55
944
1098
1766
1172
923
835
569
461
10
5751
7725
319
220
135
142
111
160
1093
1560
Page 33
12
00
13
00
13
00
14
00
14
00
15
00
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
1-
SET -JU
51
110
84
60
82
395
596
342
185
215
135
135
190
1208
1700
250
163
117
95
68
694
877
138
101
89
82
59
469
606
323
161
135
129
39
792
920
1423
940
775
643
494
356
4651
6258
255
172
115
129
70
145
892
1261
132
98
78
135
65
509
653
285
159
185
65
111
155
961
1368
201
125
93
139
62
625
775
105
85
72
69
45
379
494
272
135
121
72
39
639
753
1250
774
664
609
392
303
4005
5304
245
160
108
115
70
119
823
1151
121
90
70
55
60
401
539
240
135
165
102
92
152
890
1259
185
120
85
59
52
504
639
102
75
65
57
45
346
452
252
106
99
121
52
632
740
1145
686
592
509
371
279
3596
4780
235
151
141
38
98
145
817
1203
105
52
48
29
78
316
440
Page 34
15
00
16
00
16
00
17
00
17
00
18
00
3
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
SET -JU
135
117
135
85
99
195
767
1202
251
132
78
83
62
607
752
162
111
83
61
55
474
609
270
236
165
151
48
873
1103
1158
799
650
447
440
348
3854
5310
265
142
139
120
102
155
932
1319
132
55
45
28
75
341
459
140
140
130
85
104
201
802
1275
255
125
88
91
55
615
742
161
99
93
75
45
474
588
292
245
155
162
52
910
1148
1245
806
650
561
433
363
4074
5531
299
165
179
125
125
188
1087
1555
141
62
65
45
90
406
544
165
129
155
99
145
292
989
1603
322
163
109
110
78
788
969
203
131
95
85
65
583
744
365
295
186
185
55
1086
1356
1495
945
789
649
558
487
10
4939
6770
355
170
218
135
112
245
1240
1751
180
65
68
40
83
447
579
Page 35
18
00
19
00
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
12
13
21
23
31
32
Tot
al
175
165
190
105
145
265
1048
1663
351
172
110
125
88
846
1036
265
129
115
62
60
637
776
420
341
243
173
56
1239
1549
1746
1042
944
640
544
525
5457
7355
378
173
221
175
135
225
1319
1834
175
78
73
45
120
499
683
180
165
195
135
165
285
1134
1797
345
180
115
119
85
849
1048
263
145
120
111
65
713
878
445
349
245
232
60
1334
1647
1786
1090
969
817
630
522
17
5848
7887
Day 1
SET -JU
Page 36
Hourly variation of traffic flow

9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
Total PCU day 1
3000
2000
1000
0
0800 - 0900 - 1000 - 1100 - 1200 - 1300 - 1400 - 1500 - 1600 - 1700 - 1800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
Day-1 Hourly variation of Traffic flow(fig.4.6.1)
Day 2
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
Total PCU day 2
3000
2000
1000
0
0800 - 0900 - 1000 - 1100 - 1200 - 1300 - 1400 - 1500 - 1600 - 1700 - 1800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
Day-2 Hourly variation of Traffic flow(fig.4.6.2)
Day 3
SET -JU
Page 37

9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
Total PCU day 3
3000
2000
1000
0
0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
Day-2 Hourly variation of Traffic flow(fig.5)
Day 4
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
Total PCU day 4
3000
2000
1000
0
0800 - 0900 - 1000 - 1100 - 1200 - 1300 - 1400 - 1500 - 1600 - 1700 - 1800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
Day-2 Hourly variation of Traffic flow(fig.6)
SET -JU
Page 38
Chapter - 5
Designing
Chapter - 5
SET -JU
Page 39
Design
Fig.5
5.1 Planning and Investigations

The Junction Improvement Scheme has been discussed in Detail in Chapter
6. Diversion of the Underground Services like Water, Sewer, Electricity,
etc., which will affect the Construction Activities will be programmed prior
to the Excavation Work.
5.2 General Arrangement
SET -JU
Page 40
Care has been taken while designing so that the structure generally fulfills
the following requirements.
The Soundness of the Structure and its Durability are of the highest
standards.
Aesthetics is in harmony with the surroundings.
Speedy and Practicable Construction.
Economy in Construction.
5.3 Design Loads

1. Live Load
Live Load has been considered as per IRC: 6 2010.
2. Seismic Force
The Underpass has been designed for the Seismic Force as per the
Provisions of IRC: 6 2010.
3. Earth Pressure
The Soil Properties for Embankment like Dry Density of Soil 1.85 t /
0
cum.; Saturated Density 2.00 t / cum.; = 30 and c = 0 have been

considered for Estimation Purpose.
Saturated Density of the Backfill (minimum 2 t / cum) has been
considered for calculating Active Earth Pressure for Estimation
Purpose.
4. Temperature Range
For Design of Structure, to account for Temperature, the following Formula
has been considered.
(DL) = Lt,
SET -JU
Page 41

0
The value of t shall be 17 C.

Where = Coefficient of expansion or contraction
L = Length of the member
(DL) = Expansion / Contraction due to Temperature Variation in Appropriate
Units.
The Super Structure has been designed for Effects of Distribution of Temperature
across the Deck Depth as per the relevant Codal Provisions. For Calculation,
Thermal ForceEffect (E) of 50% of the Insulation Value has been considered so
that to account for Effect of Creep on Thermal Strain.
5.4 Design of Underpass
5.4.1 General
The Length of the Underpass has been determined based on the Depth of
Deck Slab, where a minimum Vertical Clearance of 5.5m has to be provided.
By considering the Economy of the Project, Open Cut System has been
considered both for Ramp and Covered Portion of the Underpass. The
Covered Portion of the proposed Underpass has been designed as Cast in
Situ RCC Closed Box Section. For Approaches and Open Box,
Conventional RCC Retaining Structure has been adopted.
5.4.2 Foundation
a. Retaining Walls
The Retaining Walls for the Approaches have been proposed to be of RCC
appropriate with the Site Conditions. The Depth of the Foundation shall
be determined based on the Soil Investigation Report. Maximum
Settlement allowed is 10mm. Adequate Protection shall be given to
Reinforcement against Corrosion.
b. Concrete Grade
SET -JU
Page 42
Closed and Open Portions of the Underpass including Retaining Walls shall be
of minimum M35 Grade Ready Mix Concrete.
5.4.3 Joints
5.4.3.1 Expansion Joint
Expansion Joint in Covered and Open Portions of the Underpass has been
considered at every 30m interval and also at the Junction of Wall and Slab at
top and bottom with size 12mm X 25mm with Gun Grade Polysulphide
Elastomeric Joint Sealant over a Bitumen Pad fixed in the Joints, applying
the Joints with NITOSEAL Primer or equivalent, including Preparation of
Surface, Primer Coat, Finishing Cost of all Materials, Labour including Cost
of Bitumen Pad.
5.4.3.2 Contraction Joint
Contraction Joint will be provided along the Pavement in the Underpass as per the
Design approved by the Engineer.
5.4.4 Crash Barriers
Concrete Crash Barriers shall conform to Clause 809 of MoRT&H Specifications.
The Height of the Concrete Crash Barrier is 1000mm above the Finished Road
Level. It has been designed to resist an Impact of 30t Axle Loads.
5.4.5 Wearing Coat
Wearing Coat conforming to Clause 2702.1 of MoRT&H Specifications for
Road and Bridge Works (Latest Edition) has been provided for Smooth
Riding Surface.
5.4.6 Approach Slab
The Approach Slab conforming to Clause 2704 of MoRT&H Specifications
for Road and Bridge Works (Latest Edition) has been provided.
5.5 Durability
From the Durability Consideration, the following minimum Grades of
Concrete are to be considered for Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) and
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC).
a. Minimum Grade of Concrete shall be as below.
SET -JU
Page 43
PCC for Levelling Course M15

RCC for Open Foundation, Substructure and Superstructure M35
b. Minimum Cement Content, Diameter of Bar and Cover Requirements
For PCC and RCC, the value given below regarding minimum Cement
Content and maximum Water Cement Ratio shall be followed.
The minimum Nominal Diameter of Reinforcement is 8mm.
5.6 Drainage
Drainage of Storm Water collected in the Underpass and at Surface Level
Roads are essentially based on
IRC: SP: 42 1994 Guidelines on Road Drainage.
IRC: SP: 50 1999 Guidelines on Urban Drainage.
The Drainage Spouts conform to Clause 2705 of MoRT&H Specifications.
5.7 Traffic Signs, Markings and other Road Appurtenances
Traffic Signs, Markings and other Road Appurtenances shall conform to
Clause 800 of the MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridges (Latest
Edition). Road Markings shall conform to IRC: 35 1997 and Road Signs
shall confirm to IRC: 67 2012.
5.8 Medians, Kerbs and Footpaths
Medians, Kerbs and Footpaths shall conform to Clause 407, 408 and 409 of the
MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridges (Latest Edition).
5.9 Lighting
The Lighting within the Covered and Open Portion of Underpass, Slip Roads,
Junction at Surface Level over the Covered Portion of Underpass, etc. has been
provided as per relevant Codal Provisions. The Illumination proposed is an average
40 lux throughout.
SET -JU
Page 44
5.9.1 Designing of Retaining walls

What are retaining walls?
Retaining walls are soil structure systems intended to support earth back fills
Some of the types of retaining wall

Gravity retaining wall
Semi-gravity retaining wall
Cantilever retaining wall
Counterfort retaining wall
Basic Principles of Cantilever wall

Cantilever walls are made of reinforced concrete, and come in different
geometries.
Rely on their self-weight to resist sliding & overturning, but derive part of
their stability from the weight of backfill above the heel of the wall. Basic
principles of cantilever wall
SET -JU
Page 45
(fig 5.9.1)
SET -JU
Page 46
Typical dimension of Cantilever Retaining wall
(fig.5.9.2)
External stability
In analyzing or designing for external stability, all the forces acting on
the structure are considered. These forces include lateral earth pressures,
the self-weight of the structure, & the reaction from the foundation soil.
The stability of the wall is then evaluated by considering the relevant
forces for each potential failure mechanism.
The wall has to stable against
Sliding FS>1.5
Overturning FS>2.0
Bearing failure FS>1.5
SET -JU
(fig 10)
Page 47
SET -JU
Page 48
Retaining walls of Underpass

Underpass consists of eight Retaining walls and the of all the eight
Retaining walls are shown below
Designing of retaining wall R1
Problem :Density of soil =20KN/m
= 30
= 0
= 20
= 90
SET -JU
Page 49
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
SET -JU
Page 50
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
modular ratio m = 280/3cbc = 12.44
Co-efficient of N.A K= (mcbc)/(mcbc+st) =
co-efficient of Leq Arm j =1-
=1-
=0.893
co-efficient of moment of resistance R= cbc Kj

=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
=1.06
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(2.75)
=25KN
M=Ph*
=25*
=22.9KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
SET -JU
Page 51
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*2.75
= 21.78 KN
M = Ph*
= 29.94 KN-m
Total over turning movement
M = 22.9+29.94
= 52.84 KN-m
Total pressure Ph = 25+21.78
= 46.78 KN
Item
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
Load in
(KN)
Distance from
Toe
(m)
0.8+(0.2/2)=0.90
1*0.2*2.45*25=
12.25
(1/2)*0.1*2.45*25= 0.8+0.2+(0.1/2)=
3.0625 KN
1.05
2.5*0.3*1*25=
(2.5/2)=1.25
18.75 KN
1*1.4*2.45*20 =
0.8+0.3+(1.4/2) =
68.6 KN
1.8
1*1.4*24=
0.8+0.3+(1.4/2)=
33.6 KN
1.8
W=136.26
BM
(KN-m)
11.25
3.21
23.43
123.48
60.48
M=221.85
Check Against overturning :FOS = (MR/M)=
SET -JU
= 4.19 > 1.44(safe)
Page 52
Check against sliding

FOS = (/Ph) =
= 1.45 1.44(safe)
Let ((MR-M)/ =
= 1.24
Eccentricity e = (b/2)-
=
-1.24
= 0.01 <
=0.41 (ok)
max,min = (/b)[1(6c/b)]
=
[1
max = 54.78 KN/m < SBC (350 KN/m) (ok)

min = 52.21 KN/m > 0 (ok)
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*2.452 = 19.8 KN
MEp =19.8 *
SET -JU
= 16.1KN-m
Page 53
Surcharge pressure Ph = Kaqh = 0.33*24*2.45 = 19.4 KN

Msp = 19.4*
= 23.76 KN-m
Total moment = MEP+Msp

M = 16.1+23.76
= 39.86 KN-m
Mn = 39.86*1.5
= 59.79 KN-m
Check for depth
Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
59.79*106 = 0.138*30*1000*d2
d = 120mm < 200mm (safe)
(Mn/bd2) =
*106
=2.65
Assume clear cover 50mm

D = 200mm
d= 200-50 = 150mm
From Sp-16,Table-4
Pt = 0.689
Ast =
*1000*150
= 1033.5
for #12mm
Spacing =
*1000
= 109.43 mm
Provide #12mm Spacing @ 100mm c/c
SET -JU
Page 54
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
)2 = 0.5
h = 1.94 m
actual cut off = h-Ld
Ld = 50 = 50*
= 600 mm
Cutoff = 1.94-0.6
= 1.34 m From Top
Provide Spacing #12 mm @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution of Steel
Ast =
=
*b*D
*1000*200
= 300mm2
for # 8mm2 Spacing = (((8)2/4)/240) *100 = 209.44mm
Provide Spacing 38mm @200mmc/c
Check for Shear
v = (Vn/bd) =
= 0.392 N/mm2
tab 19,PP73 IS456-2000

c = 0.59 N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
SET -JU
Page 55
Design of Toe Slab
M1 = [0.8*0.3*1*25]
(self Wt)
M2 = [0.8*53.95*1]
(moment clue to upward
pressure)
M3 = [ *0.8*0.83*1]
(moment clue to upward pressure)

[M]=15.03 KN-m
Mn = 15.03*1.5 = 22.54 KN-m

SET -JU
Page 56
*106 = 0.36
from Sp-16
Pt = 0.0842
Ast =
= 210.5 mm2
for # 10mm spacing =
*102*1000
Hence provide spacing # 10@ 190 mmc/c

Ast =
*1000*300 = 360 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
*102 = 218 mm
Provide spacing # 10 @ 200mm c/c

Check for shear :
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(0.8*0.3*1*25)-(0.8*53.95*1)+(0.5*0.8*0.83)]
= 56.25 KN
v =
*103 = 0.22 N/mm2

=
c = 0.29 (IS456-2000,PP73)
Hence u < c (safe)
Design of Heel slab
SET -JU
Page 57
M1= 1.4*52.1
Upward pressure
M2=
Upward pressure
M3= 1.4*0.3*25
Soil over Burden pressure
M4= 1.4*2.45*20
Self wt
M5=1.4*24*
Surcharge load
*1.4*1.43
64.77 KN-m
M = 64.77 KN-m
(M2/bd2)=
*106 = 1.55
from Sp-16 Pt = 0.381

SET -JU
Page 58
Ast =
*1000*250
= 952.5 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
*1000
= 82.41 mm
provide spacing #10 @ 75 mm c/c
Ast =
*1000*300
Ast = 360 mm2

Spacing for Shear :
*103=0.23 N/mm2
v = (vn/bd)=
=
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.458
v < c
(safe)

Density of soil =20KN/m
= 30
= 0
= 20
SET -JU
Page 59
= 90
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
SET -JU
Page 60
=1-
=0.893

=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
=1.06
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(3.75)
=47.65KN
M=Ph*
=47.55*( 3.8 3 )
=60.35KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*3.8
= 30.096 KN
M = Ph*
= 30.096*(3.82)
57.18 KN-m
SET -JU
Page 61

M = 57.18+60.35
= 117.53 KN-m
Total pressure Ph = 47.65+30.096
= 77.746 KN
Item
Load in
(KN)
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
Distance from
Toe
(m)
0.8+(0.2/2)=0.90
1*0.2*3.4*25=
17
(1/2)*0.15*3.45*25= 0.8+0.2+(0.15/2)=
6.375 KN
1.075
2.95*0.4*1*25=
(2.95/2)=1.475
29.5 KN
1*1.8*3.4*20 =
0.8+0.35+(1.8/2) =
68.6 KN
2.05
1*1.8*24=
0.8+0.35+(1.8/2)=
43.2 KN
2.05
W=218.475
BM
(KN-m)
15.3
6.853
43.5
43.5
250.92
M=355.13
355.13
= 3.02 > 1.44(safe)
117.53

FOS = (/Ph) =
0.5 * 218.475
= 1.4 1.44(safe)
77.745
Let ((MR-M)/ =
355.133 117.53
= 1.08
218.475
=
SET -JU
2.95
-1.08
2
Page 62
= 0.395 0 (ok)
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*3.42 = 38.14 KN
MEp =38.14 *
3 .4
= 42.23KN-m
3

Msp = 26.92*
3 .4
= 45.76 KN-m
2

M = 43.23+45.76
= 88.99 KN-m
Mn = 88.99*1.5
= 133.48 KN-m
SET -JU
Page 63
Check for depth

Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
133.48*106 = 0.138*30*1000*d2
d = 180mm < 200mm (safe)
(Mn/bd2) =
133.48
*106
1000 *150 *150
=5.93

D = 200mm
d= 200-50 = 150mm
From Sp-16,Table-4
Pt = 1.13
Ast =
1.13
*1000*150
100
= 1695
for #12mm
Spacing =
12 *12 * 0.7854
*1000
1695
= 66.72 mm
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
(
h 2
) = 0.5
3 .8
h = 2.68 m
SET -JU
Page 64
Ld = 50 = 50*
= 600 mm
Cutoff = 2.68-0.6
= 2.08 m From Top
Ast =
=
*b*D
*1000*200
= 300mm2
for # 8mm2 Spacing = (((8)2/4)/240) *100 = 209.44mm
check for Shear
v = (Vn/bd) =
(138 .14 26 .92 ) * 1.5

(1000 * 150 )
= 0.650 N/mm2
100 Ast 100 *1615.68
1.07
bd
1000 *150
tab 19,PP73 IS456-2000

c = 0.67 N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
SET -JU
Page 65
Design of Toe Slab

0.8
] 1.6
2
M1 = [0.8*0.4*1*25] [
M2 = [0.8*101.58*1] [
0.8
] 16.20
2
2
3
M3 = [ *0.8*32.27*1] [ * 0.8] 6.88
(self Wt)
[M]=24.68 KN-m
Mn = 24.68*1.5 = 37.02 KN-m
Mn
37.02
*106 = 0.59
bd * d 100 * 250 * 250
from Sp-16
Pt = 0.1386
Ast =
0.1386
*1000 * 250
100
= 346.5 mm2
0.78
*102*1000
346.5

SET -JU
Page 66
Ast =
*1000*400 = 480 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
0.75 *1000
*102 = 163.5 mm
480

Check for shear :
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(0.8*0.4*1*25)-(0.8*101.28*1)+(0.5*0.8*32.27)]
= 90.174 KN
v =
90.174
*103 = 0.36 N/mm2
1000 * 250
100 * 940
0.26
1000 * 350
c = 0.26 (IS456-2000,PP73)
Hence u < c (safe)
Design of Heel slab
1.8
] 23.58
2
M1= 1.8*14.56 [
M2=
1.8
] 31.34
3
*1.8*58.04 [
Upward pressure
Upward pressure
1.8
] 16.2
2
1.8
] 110.16
2
Self wt
Surcharge load
M3= 1.8*0.4*20 [
M4= 1.8*3.4*20 [
1.8
] 38.88
2
M5=1.8*24* [
220.16 KN-m
M = 220.16*1.5=330.24 KN-m
SET -JU
Page 67
(M2/bd2)=
33.024
*106 = 2.69
1000 * 350 * 350
from Sp-16 Pt = 0.701

Ast =
0.701
*1000*350
100
= 2453.5 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
78.5
*1000
2453.5
= 32.01 mm
Ast =
*1000*400
Ast = 480 mm2

Check or Shear :
v = (vn/bd)=
157.74
*103=0.45 N/mm2
1000 * 350
100 * 2616.66
0.747
1000 * 350
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.588
v < c (safe)

= 30
SET -JU
Page 68
= 0
= 20
= 90
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
co-efficient of Leq Arm j =1SET -JU
=1-
=0.893
Page 69

=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
=1.06
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(4.6)
=69.82KN
M=Ph*
=69.82*
4 .6
3
=107.069KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*4.6
= 36.43 KN
M = Ph*
= 83.79KN-m
SET -JU
Page 70
M = 107.069+83.79
= 180.85 KN-m
= 106.258 KN
Item
Load in
(KN)
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
Distance from
Toe
(m)
0.8+(0.2/2)=0.90
1*0.2*4.2*25=
21
(1/2)*0.25*4.2*25= 1+0.2+(0.25/2)=
13.125 KN
1.325
3.5*0.4*1*25=
(3.35/2)=1.675
33.5 KN
1*2.1*4.2*20 =
0.8+0.45+(2.1/2) =
176.4 KN
2.3
1*2.1*24=
0.8+0.45+(2.1/2)=
50.4 KN
2.3
W=294.425
BM
(KN-m)
18.9
17.39
56.1125
405.72
115.92
M=614.0425
614.0425
= 3.21 > 1.44(safe)
190.859

FOS = (/Ph) =
0.5 * 294.425
= 1.38 1.44(unsafe)
106.25
Therefore provide shear key

Let ((MR-M)/ =
614.0425 190.859
= 1.43
294.425
=
SET -JU
3.35
-1.43
2
Page 71
= 0.245 <
=0.41 (ok)
max,min = (/b)[1(6c/b)]
=(
294.425
) [1
3.35
6 * 0.245
]
3.35
max = 126.45 KN/m < SBC (350 KN/m) (ok)

min = 49.32 KN/m > 0 (ok)
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*4.22 = 58.212 KN
MEp =58.212 *
4 .2
= 81.49KN-m
3

Msp = 33.264*
4 .2
= 6985KN-m
2

M = 81.49+69.85
= 151.35 KN-m
Mn = 151.35*1.5
SET -JU
Page 72
= 227.026KN-m
Check for depth
Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
227.026*106 = 0.138*30*1000*d2
d = 234mm < 200mm (unsafe)
section is under reinforced
assume depth=450mm
d=450-50=400mm
(Mn/bd2) =
227.02
*106
1000 * 400 * 400
=1.41
From Sp-16,Table-4
Pt = 0.346
Ast =
0.3446
*1000*400
100
= 1378.4
for #12mm
Spacing =
12 * 12 * 0.7154
*1000
1378.4
= 82.049 mm
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
(
h 2
) = 0.5
4 .6
h = 3.25 m
SET -JU
Page 73
Ld = 50 = 50*30
= 1500 mm
Cutoff = 3.25-1.5
= 1.75 m From Top
Ast =
=
*b*D
*1000*450
= 540mm2
for # 8mm2 Spacing = (((8)2/4)/250) *100 = 200mm
check for Shear
v = (Vn/bd) =
(58 .212 33 .264 ) * 1.5

(1000 * 400 )
= 0.34 N/mm2
100 Ast 100 * 1130.9
0.28
bd
1000 * 400
tab 19,PP73 IS456-2000

c = 0.38 N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
SET -JU
Page 74
Design of Toe Slab

M1 = [0.8*0.4*1*25] [
M2 = [0.8*97.67*1] [
0.8
] 3.2
2
0.8
] 31.25
2
2
3
M3 = [ *0.8*10.36*1] [ * 0.8] 2.21
(self Wt)
[M]=30.26 KN-m
Mn = 30.26*1.5 = 45.39 KN-m
Mn
45.39
*106 = 0.37
bd * d 100 * 350 * 350
from Sp-16
Pt = 0.0864
Ast =
0.0864
* 1000 * 350
100
= 302.4 mm2
SET -JU
0.78
*102*1000=259.5
302.4
Page 75

Ast =
*1000*400 = 480 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
0.785 * 1000
*102 = 163.35 mm
480

Check for shear :
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(0.8*0.4*1*25)-(0.8*97.67*1)+(0.5*0.8*10.36)]*1.5
= 99.34 KN
v =
99.34
*103 = 0.283 N/mm2
1000 * 350
100 * 301.9
0.086
1000 * 350
c = 0.29 (IS456-2000,PP73)
Hence u < c (safe)
Design of Heel slab
M1= 2.1*49.32 [
M2=
2.1
] 108.75
2
*2.1*48.35 [
2.1
] 35.53
3
M3= 1.4*0.4*25 [
2.1
] 22.05
2
M4= 2.1*4.2*20 [
2.1
] 185.22
2
M5=2.1*24* [
SET -JU
2.1
] 52.92
2
Upward pressure
Upward pressure
Self wt
Surcharge load
Page 76
115.91 KN-m
Mu = 173.865 KN-m
(M2/bd2)=
173.865
*106 = 1.419
1000 * 350 * 350
from Sp-16 Pt = 0.3469

Ast =
0.3469
*1000*350
100
= 1214.15 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
78.5
*1000
1214.5
= 64.65 mm
Ast =
*1000*400
Ast = 480 mm2

spacing for #10mm=
78.5 * 1000
=163.5mm
480
provide spacing #10mm @ 200mmc/c
check for Shear :

v = (vn/bd)=
93.53
*103=0.267 N/mm2
1000 * 350
100 * 1046
0.298
1000 * 350
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.3449
v < c (safe)
Design of shear key
SET -JU
Page 77
Pressure at phase of toe

=159.1
Co-eff of passive earth pressure=kp=3
If a is a projection of shear key resistance offered by passive
Earth pr= kp*verticle pr
=3*108.030
=324.09a
w pp
Therefore FOS against F2= p
97.7592=324.09a+132.49
a=0.107m

= 30
= 0
= 20
= 90
SET -JU
Page 78
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
=1-
=0.893

SET -JU
Page 79
=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
=1.06
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(5.1)
=85.83KN
M=Ph*
=85.83*( 5.1 3 )
=145.91KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*5.1
= 40.39 KN
M = Ph*
= 40.39*(5.12)
102.99 KN-m

M = 102.99+145.91
= 248.9 KN-m
SET -JU
Page 80

= 126.22 KN
Item
Load in
(KN)
1*0.2*4.6*25=
23
(1/2)*0.3*4.6*25=
17.25 KN
3.8*0.5*1*25=
29.5 KN
1*2.3*4.6*20 =
211.6 KN
1*2.3*24=
55.2 KN
W=354.55
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
Distance from
Toe
(m)
1+(0.5/2)=1.25
BM
(KN-m)
1+0.2+(0.3/2)=
1.35
(3.8/2)=1.9
23.28
1+0.5+(2.3/2) =
2.65
1+0.5+(2.3/2)=
2.65
560.74
28.75
90.25
146.28
M=849.3
849.3
= 3.14 > 1.44(safe)
248.9

FOS = (/Ph) =
0.5 * 354.55
= 1.40 1.44(safe)
126.22
Let ((MR-M)/ =
849.3 248.9
= 1.69
354.55
=
3 .8
-1.69
2
= 0.21 0 (ok)
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*4.62 = 38.14 KN
MEp =69.82 *
4 .6
= 107.05KN-m
3

Msp = 36.43*
4 .6
= 83.78 KN-m
2

M = 107.05+83.78
= 190.83 KN-m
Mn = 190.83*1.5
= 286.24 KN-m
Check for depth
Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
286.24*106 = 0.138*30*1000*d2
d = 180mm < 400mm (safe)
SET -JU
Page 82
(Mn/bd2) =
286.24
*106
1000 * 350 * 350
=2.33

D = 400mm
d= 400-50 = 350mm
From Sp-16,Table-4
Pt = 0.595
Ast =
0.595
*1000*350
100
=2082.5
for #12mm
Spacing =
12 *12 * 0.7854
*1000
2082.5
= 54.28 mm
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
(
h 2
) = 0.5
5.1
h = 3.60 m
Ld = 50 = 50*
= 600 mm
Cutoff = 3.6-0.6
= 3 m From Top
Distribution Steel
SET -JU
Page 83
Ast =
=
*b*D
*1000*400
= 480mm2
for # 8mm2 Spacing = (((8)2/4)/480) *100 = 104.66mm
check for Shear
v = (Vn/bd) =
(69 .82 36 .43) * 1.5

(1000 * 350 )
= 0.455 N/mm2
100 Ast 100 *1538.6
0.439
bd
1000 * 350
tab 19,PP73 IS456-2000

c = 0.463N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
Design of Toe Slab

1
2
M1 = [0.5*1*1*25] [ ] 6.25
SET -JU
(self Wt)
Page 84

1
2
M2 = [1*107.96*1] [ ] 53.18
2
3
M3 = [ *1*16.27*1] [ *1] 5.423
[M]=65.65 KN-m
Mn = 65.65*1.5 = 98.47 KN-m
Mn
98.47
*106 = 0.615
bd * d 100 * 400 * 400
from Sp-16
Pt = 0.1446
Ast =
0.1446
*1000 * 400
100
= 578.4 mm2
0.78
*102*1000
578.4

Ast =
*1000*500 = 600 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
0.75 *1000
*102 = 130.83 mm
600

Check for shear :
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(1*0.5*1*25)-(1*107.96*0.5)+(0.5*1*16.27)]
= 79.73 KN
SET -JU
Page 85

79.73
*103 = 0.199 N/mm2
1000 * 400
v =
100 *1614.8
0.358
1000 * 450
c = 0.26 (IS456-2000,PP73)
Hence u < c (safe)
Design of Heel slab

M1= 2.3*62.41 [
M2=
2.3
] 165.07
2
*2.3*37.14 [
2.3
] 49.47
3
M3= 2.3*0.5*20 [
2.3
] 33.06
2
M4= 2.3*4.6*20 [
2.3
] 243.24
2
M5=2.3*24* [
Upward pressure
Upward pressure
2.3
] 63.48
2

Self wt
Surcharge load
554.42 KN-m
M = 554.42*1.5=831.63. KN-m
(M2/bd2)=
831.63
*106 = 4.106
1000 * 450 * 450
from Sp-16 Pt = 1.13

Ast =
1.13
*1000*450
100
= 5085 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
SET -JU
78.5
*1000
5085
Page 86
= 15.43 mm
Ast =
*1000*500
Ast = 600 mm2

Check for Shear :
v = (vn/bd)=
396.13
*103=0.88 N/mm2
1000 * 450
100 * 4906.25
1.090
1000 * 450
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.588
v < c (safe)

= 30
= 0
= 20
= 90
SET -JU
Page 87
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
=1-
=0.893

=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
SET -JU
Page 88
=1.06
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(5.7)
=107.21KN
M=Ph*
=25*
5 .7
3
=203.71KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*5.7
= 45.144 KN
M = Ph*
= 128.66 KN-m
M = 128.66+203.71
= 332.37 KN-m
= 152.354 KN
SET -JU
Page 89
Item
Load in
(KN)
1*0.2*5.2*25=
12.25
1*0.35*5.2*25=
45.5 KN
3.95*0.6*1*25=
59.25 KN
1*2.4*5.2*20 =
249.6 KN
1*2.4*24=
57.6 KN
W=437.95
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
Distance from
Toe
(m)
1+(0.2/2)=0.90
BM
(KN-m)
1+0.2+(0.35/2)=
1.37
(3.95/2)=1.975
62.52
1+0.55+(2.4/2) =
2.75
1+0.35+(2.4/2)=
2.55
28.6
117.01
686.4
146.88
M=1041.45
1041.45
= 3.133 > 1.44(safe)
332.37

FOS = (/Ph) =
0.5 * 437.95
= 1.44 1.44(safe)
152.35
Let ((MR-M)/ =
1041.55 332.37
= 1.619
437.95
=
3.95
-1.619
2
= 0.35 <
=0.658 (ok)
max,min = (/b)[1(6c/b)]
=(
SET -JU
437.95
) [1
3.95
6 * 0.35
]
3.95
Page 90
max = 169.81 KN/m < SBC (350 KN/m) (ok)

min = 51.92 KN/m > 0 (ok)
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*5.22 = 89.23 KN
MEp =89.23 *
5 .2
= 154.66KN-m
3

Msp = 41.18*
5 .2
= 107.08 KN-m
2

M = 154.66+107.08
= 261.72 KN-m
Mn = 261.72*1.5
= 392.58 KN-m
Check for depth
Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
392.5*106 = 0.138*30*1000*d2
d = 307.93 < 200mm (unsafe)
SET -JU
Page 91
assume D=450mm
d=450-50=400mm
(Mn/bd2) =
392.58
*106
1000 * 400 * 400
=2.4536

D = 200mm
d= 200-50 = 150mm
From Sp-16,Table-4
Pt = 0.631
Ast =
0.631
*1000*150
100
= 2524
for #12mm
Spacing =
12 * 12 * 0.7854
*1000
2524
= 44.78 mm
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
(
h 2
) = 0.5
5 .7
h = 4.03 m
Ld = 50 = 50*
= 1500 mm
Cutoff = 4.03-1.5
= 2.5 m From Top
SET -JU
Page 92

Ast =
=
*b*D
*1000*450
= 540mm2
for # 8mm2 Spacing = (((8)2/4)/250) *100 = 200.56mm
Provide Spacing @8mm @200mmc/c
check for Shear
v = (Vn/bd) =
(89 .23 41 .18 ) *1.5

(1000 * 400 )
= 0.4890 N/mm2
100 Ast 100 * 2261.95
0.565
bd
1000 * 400
tab 19,PP73 IS456-2000

c = 0.5234 N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
Design of Toe Slab

SET -JU
Page 93

1
2
M1 = [1*0.6*1*25] [ ] 7.5
1
2
M2 = [1*139.96*1] [ ] 69.98
2
2
M3 = [ *1*29.85*1] [ * 1] 9.95
(self Wt)
[M]=72.43 KN-m
Mn = 72.43*1.5 = 108.64 KN-m
Mn
108.64
*106 = 0.359
bd * d 100 * 550 * 550
from Sp-16
Pt = 0.0825
Ast =
0.0825
* 1000 * 550
100
= 453.75 mm2
0.78
*102*1000
453.75

Ast =
*1000*600 = 720 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
0.75 * 1000
*102 = 109.627 mm
720

Check for shear
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(1*0.6*1*25)-(1*139.96*1)+(0.5*1*29.85)]
= 209.82 KN
SET -JU
Page 94

209.82
*103 = 0.3814 N/mm2
1000 * 550
v =
100 * 436.11
0.29
1000 * 550
c = 0.29 (IS456-2000,PP73)
Hence u < c (safe)
Design of Heel slab
M1= 2.4*51.92 [
M2=
2.4
] 149.52
2
*2.4*71.62 [
2.4
] 68.75
3
Upward pressure
Upward pressure
M3= 2.4*5.6*25 [
2.4
] 43.2
2
M4= 2.4*5.7*20 [
2.4
] 328.32
2
Self wt
M5=2.4*24* [
2.4
] 69.12
2
Surcharge load
222.37 KN-m
Mu = 333.55 KN-m
(M2/bd2)=
333.55
*106 = 1.1026
1000 * 550 * 550
from Sp-16 Pt = 0.2629

Ast =
0.2629
*1000*550
100
= 1445059 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
78.5
*1000
1445.59
= 54.30 mm
SET -JU
Page 95
Ast =
*1000*600
Ast = 720 mm2

spacing for #10mm= 78.5 * 1000 109.02
720
provide spacing @10@ 100mmc/c
check for Shear :

v = (vn/bd)=
156.64
*103=0.284 N/mm2
1000 * 550
100 * 1570
0.285
1000 * 550
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.3882
v < c (safe)

= 30
= 0
= 20
= 90
SET -JU
Page 96
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
12 .44 * 7.5
0.318
(12 .44 * 7.5) 200
K
0.318
=1=0.893
3
3
1
2

=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
=1.06
SET -JU
Page 97
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
1
2
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(6.3)
=130.977KN
M=Ph*
H
3
=85.83*(6.3/3)
=275.05KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*6.3
= 49.89 KN
M = Ph*
H
2
= 49.89*(6.32)
157.15 KN-m
M = 157.15+275.05
= 432.20 KN-m
= 180.86 KN
Item
SET -JU
Load in
(KN)
Distance from Toe

(m)
BM
(KN-m)
Page 98
1*0.2*5.7*25=
1+(0.2/2)=1.1
28.5
(1/2)*0.4*5.7*25=
1+0.2+(0.4/2)=
28.5 KN
1.4
4.2*0.6*1*25=
(4.2/2)=1.9
63 KN
1*2.6*5.7*20 =
296.4 KN
1+0.2+0.4+(2.6/2) =
2.9
1*2.6*24=
0.8+0.2+0.4+(2.6/2)=
62.4 KN
2.9
W=478.8
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
31.35
39.9
132.3
859.56
168.48
M=1231.59
1231.59
= 2.84 > 1.44(safe)
432.2

FOS = (/Ph) =
0.5 * 478.8
= 1.323 1.44(unsafe)
180.86
It is unsafe against sliding shear key is to be provided

Let ((MR-M)/ =
1231.59 432.2
= 1.66
478.8
=
4 .2
-1.66
2
= 0.44 0 (ok)
SET -JU
Page 99
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
1
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*5.72 = 107.21 KN
2
MEp =107.21 *
5 .7
= 203.69KN-m
3

Msp = 45.14*
5 .7
= 128.64 KN-m
2

M = 203.69+128.64
= 332.33 KN-m
Mn = 332.23*1.5
= 498.49 KN-m
Check for depth
Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
498.49*106 = 0.138*30*1000*d2
d = 346.99 200mm (unsafe)
Thickness is more than the limiting value hence the section is under reinforced
SET -JU
Page 100
(Mn/bd2) =
498.49
*106
1000 * 400 * 400
=3.115

D = 400mm
d= 400-50 = 350mm
From Sp-16,Table-4
Pt = 0.8328
Ast =
0.8328
*1000*400
100
=3331.2
for #16mm
Spacing =
16 *16 * 0.785
*1000
3331.2
= 60.32 mm
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
(
h 2
) = 0.5
6 .3
h = 4.45 m
Ld = 50 = 50*
= 1500 mm
Cutoff = 4.45-1.5
= 2.95 m From Top
Ast =
0.12
*b*D
100
SET -JU
Page 101
0.12
*1000*450
100
= 540mm2
for # 10mm2 Spacing = (((10)2/4)/540) *100 = 145.37mm
check for Shear
v = (Vn/bd) =
(107 .21 45 .14 ) * 1.5

(1000 * 400 )
= 0.57 N/mm2
100 Ast 100 * 3349.33
0.837
bd
1000 * 400
tab 19,PP73 IS456-2000

c = 0.6143 N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
Design of Toe Slab

1
2
M1 = [0.6*1*1*25] [ ] 7.5
1
2
M2 = [1*151.54*1] [ ] 75.77
SET -JU
(self Wt)
Page 102

2
3
1
2
M3 = [ *1*34.11*1] [ *1] 11.37
[M]=79.64 KN-m
Mu = 79.64*1.5 = 119.46 KN-m
Mn
119.46
*106 = 0.394
bd * d 100 * 550 * 550
from Sp-16
Pt = 0.0916
Ast =
0.0916
*1000 * 550
100
= 503.8 mm2
0.78
*162*1000
503.8
S = 398.88
Ast =
0.12
*1000*600 = 720 mm2
100
Spacing for #16mm =
0.75 *1000
*162 = 279.11 mm
720

Check for shear :
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(1*0.6*1*25)-(1*151.54*0.5)+(0.5*1*34.11)]
= 230.39 KN
v =
239.39
*103 = 0.418 N/mm2
1000 * 550
100( Ast) provided 100 * 502.2

=
0.476
bd
1000 * 550
c = 0.44 (IS456-2000,PP73)
SET -JU
Page 103
Hence u < c (safe)

M1= 2.6*42.4 [
M2=
2.6
] 143.312
2
2.6
1
*2.6*88.67 [ ] 99.90
2
3
M3= 2.6*0.6*25 [
2.6
] 50.70
2
M4= 2.6*5.7*20 [
2.6
] 385.32
2
M5=2.6*24* [
Upward pressure
Upward pressure
2.6
] 81.12
2

Self wt
Surcharge load
473.72 KN-m
M = 473.72*1.5=710.59. KN-m
(M2/bd2)=
710.59
*106 = 2.34
1000 * 550 * 550
from Sp-16 Pt = 0.5982

Ast =
0.5982
*1000*550
100
= 3290.1 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
78.5
*1000
3290.1
= 23.85 mm
Ast =
0.12
*1000*600
100
Ast = 720 mm2

Spacing for #10mm =
78.5
* 100 =109.027
720
Provide 10mm diameter bar @100mm c/c

SET -JU
Page 104
Check for Shear :

v = (vu/bd)
vu=[(2.6*42.40)+(0.5*2.6*88.67)-(2.6*5.7*20)+(2.6*0.6*25)+(2.6*24)]*1.5
vu=258.43
=
258.43
*103=0.469 N/mm2
1000 * 550
100( Ast) provided 100 * 3140

=
0.57
bd
1000 * 550
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.5252
v < c (safe)

= 30
= 0
= 20
= 90
SET -JU
Page 105
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
=1-
=0.893

=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
=1.06
SET -JU
Page 106
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(7.1)
=166.3KN
M=Ph*
=25*
7 .1
3
=394KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*7.1
= 56.23 KN
M = Ph*
= 200KN-m
M = 394+200
= 594 KN-m
= 222.53KN
Item
SET -JU
Load in
(KN)
Distance from
Toe
BM
(KN-m)
Page 107
(m)
1.2+(0.2/2)=1.3
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
1*0.2*6.5*25=
32.5
(1/2)*0.45*6.5*25= 1.2+0.2+(0.45/2)=
36.56 KN
1.625
4.65*0.7*1*25=
(4.65/2)=2.325
81.37 KN
1*2.8*6.5*20 =
1.2+0.65+(2.8/2)
36.4 KN
=
3.25
1*2.8*24=
1.2+0.65+(2.8/2)=
67.2 KN
3.25
W=581.63
42.25
59.41
189.18
1183
218.4
M=1692.24
1692.24
= 2.84 > 1.44(safe)
594

FOS = (/Ph) =
0.5 * 581.63
= 1.30 1.44(unsafe)
222.53
Therefore provide shear key

Let ((MR-M)/w =
1692.24 594
= 1.88
581.63
=
4.65
-1.88
2
= 0.445 0 (ok)
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
1
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*6.52 = 139.42 KN
2
MEp =139.42 *
6 .5
= 302 KN-m
3
Surcharge pressure
Ph = Kaqh = 0.33*24*6.5 = 51.48 KN
Msp = 51.48*
6 .5
= 54.73 KN-m
2

M = 302+54.73
= 356.73 KN-m
Mn = 350.73*1.5
= 535 KN-m
Check for depth
Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
59.79*106 = 0.138*30*1000*d2
d = 360 < 400mm (safe)
SET -JU
Page 109
(Mn/bd2) =
535
*106
1000 *150 *150
=23.77

D = 200mm
d= 200-50 = 150mm
From Sp-16,Table-E
Pt = 1.13
Ast =
1.13
*1000*150
100
= 1695
for #12mm Spacing =
12 *12 * 0.7854
*1000
1695
= 66.72 mm
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
(
h 2
) = 0.5
7 .1
h = 5.02 m
Ld = 50 = 50*30
= 1500 mm
Destination Steel
Ast =
0.12
*b*D
100
0.12
*1000*200
100
= 300mm2
check for Shear
SET -JU
Page 110
v = (Vn/bd) =
(139 .42 51 .48 ) *1.5

(1000 *150 )
= 0.0019 N/mm2
100 Ast 100 *1615.6
1.07
bd
1000 *150
tab 19,PP73 IS 456-2000

c = 0.685 N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
Design of Toe Slab

1.2
] 12.6
2
M1 = [1.2*0.7*1*25] [
(self Wt)
1.2
] 114.55
2
M2 = [1.2*159.1*1] [
pressure)
1
2
2
2
M3 = [ *1.2*36.9*1] [ *1.2] 17.71
[M]=119.66 KN-m
Mn = 119.66*1.5 = 179.49 KN-m
Mn
217.29
*106 = 0.424
bd * d 1000 * 650 * 650
from Sp-16
SET -JU
Page 111
Pt = 0.0987
Ast =
0.0987
*1000 * 650
100
= 641.55 mm2
0.7854
*102*1000
641.55
= 122.24
Ast =
0.12
*1000*700 = 840 mm2
100
Spacing for #10mm =
0.7854 *1000
*102 = 93.5 mm
840
Provide spacing # 10mm @ 100mm c/c

Check for shear :
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(1.2*0.7*1*25)-(1.2*159.1*1)+(0.5*1.2*36.9)]1.5
= 221.67 KN
v =
221.67
*103 = 0.34 N/mm2
1000 * 650
100( Ast) provided 100 * 785.4

=
0.48
bd
1000 * 650
c = 0.485 (IS456-2000,PP73)
Hence u < c (safe)
Design of Heel slab
M1=2.8*53.2 [
M2=
2.8
] 208.54
2
2.8
1
*2.8*85.9 [ ] 168.36
2
3
SET -JU
Upward pressure
Upward pressure
Page 112
M3= 2.8*0.7*25 [
2.8
] 68.6
2
M4= 2.8*4.6*20 [
2.8
] 360.64
2
Self wt
M5=2.8*24* [
2.8
] 94.08
2
Surcharge load
M= 146.42 KN-m
Mu=146.42*1.5
Mu = 219.63 KN-m
(M2/bd2)=
219.63
*106 = 0.57
1000 * 650 * 650
from Sp-16 Pt = 0.1194

Ast =
0.1194
*1000*650
100
= 776.5 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
78.5
*1000
776.1
= 101.1 mm
Ast =
0.12
*1000*700
100
Ast = 840 mm2

Spacing for 10mm =
78.5
*100 93.45 mm
840
Provide spacing @10mm@100mm c/c

Check for Shear :
v = (vn/bd)=
138.6
*103=0.213 N/mm2
1000 * 650
100( Ast) provided 100 * 705.5

=
0.1
bd
1000 * 650
SET -JU
Page 113
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.29
v < c (safe)
Design of shear key
Pressure at phase of toe
=159.1
Co-eff of passive earth pressure=kp=3
If a is a projection of shear key resistance offered by passive
Earth pr= kp*verticle pr
=3*159.1
=477.3
w pp
Therefore FOS against F2= p
0.9 * 0.5 * 581.63 477.3a

166.3
1.4=
a=0.060
Designing of retaining wall 8

= 30
= 0
= 20
= 90
SET -JU
Page 114
SBC = 350KN/m
Ka = (1-sin)/(1+sin)=0.33
Kp = (1+sin)/(1-sin)=3
Design constant
fck = 30 Mpa
fy = 500 Mpa
cbc =7.5(IRC 21-2000 Tab-9)
st = 200(IRC 21-2000Tab-10)
=1-
=0.893

SET -JU
Page 115
=0.5*7.5*0.318*0.893
=1.06
Stability Analysis
To calculate BM
Earth pressure
Ph= KaH
=0.5*0.33*20*(7.6)
=190.60KN
M=Ph*
=190.60*(7.6/3)
=482.87KN-m
Surcharge pressure
Ph = KaqH
q=1.2*20[IRC-6-2000 Cl 217.1]
= 24 KN/m
Ph= 0.33*24*7.6
= 60.192 KN
M = Ph*
= 60.192*(7.62)
228.72 KN-m
M = 228.72+482.87
= 711.59 KN-m
SET -JU
Page 116

= 250.79 KN
Item
Load in
(KN)
1*0.2*6.9*25=
35.5
(1/2)*0.5*6.9*25=
43.125 KN
0.7*4.9*1*25=
85.75 KN
1*3*6.9*20 =
414 KN
1*3*24=
72 KN
W=649.37KN
Stem
Rectangle
Triangular
Base slab
Earth filling
Above heel
Super imposed
Load
Distance from
Toe
(m)
1.2+(0.2/2)=1.3
BM
(KN-m)
1.2+0.2+(0.5/2)=
1.65
(4.9/2)=2.45
71.156
1.2+0.7+(3/2) =
3.4
1.2+0.7+(3/2)=
3.4
1407.6
44.85
210.08
244.8
M=1978.48KNM
1978.48
= 3.02 > 1.44(safe)
711.59

FOS = (/Ph) =
0.5 * 649.37
= 1.29 1.44(safe)
250.79
Let ((MR-M)/ =
1978.48 711.59
= 1.95
250.79
=
4 .9
-1.95
2
= 0.5 0 (ok)
Design of Stem
Earth pressure Ph =
*Kah2 = 0.5*0.33*20*6.92 = 22.77 KN
MEp =22.77 *
6 .9
= 52.371KN-m
3

Msp = 54.64*
6 .9
= 188.50 KN-m
2

M = 188.50+52.371
= 240.87 KN-m
Mn = 240.87*1.5
= 361.30 KN-m
Check for depth
Mn = 0.138 fCK bd2
361.30*106 = 0..138*30*1000*d2
SET -JU
Page 118
d = 295.41mm >200mm (unsafe)

Thickness is more than limiting value hence the section is under reinforced
assume depth 450mm
D=450mm
d=450-50=400mm where 50mm is cover
(Mn/bd2) =
361.30
*106
1000 * 400 * 400
=2.258
From Sp-16,Table-4
Pt = 0.574
Ast =
0.574
*1000*400
100
= 2296 mm2
for #16mm
Spacing =
16 *16 * 0.7854
*1000
2296
= 87.52 mm
Curtailment of Bars
Curtail by 50%
(
h 2
) = 0.5
7 .6
h = 5.37 m
Ld = 50 = 50*
= 1500 mm
Cutoff = 5.37-1.5
= 3.87 m From Top
SET -JU
Page 119

Ast =
=
*b*D
*1000*450
= 540mm2
for # 12mm2 Spacing = (((12)2/4)/4900) *1000 = 23.06mm
Check for Shear
v = (Vn/bd) =
(22 .77 54 .64 ) *1.5

(1000 * 400 )
= 0.290 N/mm2
100 Ast 100 * 22.32.88
0.55
bd
1000 * 400
tab 19,PP73 IS456-2000

c = 0.518 N/mm2
Hence v < c (safe)
Design of Toe Slab

SET -JU
Page 120

1.2
] 12.6
2
M1 = [1.2*0.7*1*25] [
(self Wt)
1.2
] 125.19
2
M2 = [1.2*173.38*1] [
pressure)
2
3
M3 = [ *1.2 *39.74*1] [ *1.2] 19.075
pressure)
[M]=131.66 KN-m
Mn = 131.66*1.5 = 197.49 KN-m
Mn
197.49
*106 = 0.467
bd * d 1000 * 650 * 650
from Sp-16
Pt = 0.109
Ast =
0.109
*1000 * 650
100
= 708.5 mm2
0.785
*102*1000
708.5

Ast =
*1000*700 = 840 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
0.75 *1000
*102 = 93.45 mm
840

Check for shear :
v = (Vn/bd)
Vu = [(1.2*0.7*1*25)-(1.2*173.58*1)+(0.5*1.2*39.74)]
SET -JU
Page 121
= 211.13*1.5 =316.69KN
316.69
*103 = 0.36 N/mm2
1000 * 250
v =
100 * 785
0.22
1000 * 650
c = 0.48 (IS456-2000,PP73)
Hence u < c (safe)
Design of Heel slab
3
2
M1= 3*51.38 [ ] 231.21

3
3
*3*99.33 [ ] 148.99
M2=
3
2
M3= 2.6*0.7*20 [ ] 68.5

3
2
M4= 2.6*6.9*20 [ ] 538.2

3
2
M5=2.6*24* [ ] 93.6
Upward pressure
Upward pressure
Self wt
Surcharge load
617.83 KN-m
M = 617.83*1.5=926.74 KN-m
(M2/bd2)=
926.74
*106 = 2.193
1000 * 650 * 650
from Sp-16 Pt = 0.556

Ast =
1.0845
*1000*650
100
= 7049.25 mm2
Spacing for #10mm =
78.5
*1000
7049.25
= 11.1 mm
SET -JU
Page 122

Ast =
*1000*760
Ast = 840 mm2

spacing @10mm=
78.5 *100
93.45
840
provide at 10mm @ 100mm c/c

check for Shear :
v = (vn/bd)=
245.34
*103=0.377 N/mm2
1000 * 650
100 * 5233.34
0.805
1000 * 650
as per PP- 73, IS456-2000

c = 0.6054
v < c (safe)
SET -JU
Page 123
Chapter - 6
Geometrical Design
SET -JU
Page 124
Chapter - 6
Geometrical Design
6.1 General
The proposed grade separator at the junction of Magadi Road and
Basaveshwara nagar. The proposed Underpass is a 2x2-lane wide having a carriage
way of 7.50m
The proposed alignment is straight and underpass is intended to carry the
traffic from magadi road to Vijayanagar.
The horizontal alignment, vertical gradient, width of underpass, width of
service road, drain and foot path is proposed.
The vertical clearance of min 5.50m is proposed at box. This report presents
design of vertical alignment and salient features of the proposed grade separator in
the following pages
6.2 Design Standards

6.2.1 Design speeds
The design speeds given in Table 6.2.1 shall be adopted for various terrain
classification
Table 6.2.1
Nature of Terrain
Cross slope of the

ground
Plain and rolling

Mountainous and steep
Up to 25 per cent
More than 25 per cent
Design speed (km/hr)

Ruling Minimum
100
60
80
40
6.2.2 Lane width of Carriageway

The standard lane width of the Project Highway shall be 3.5 m.
SET -JU
Page 125
6.2.3 Median
The median shall be either raised or depressed. The width of median is the
distance between inside edges of carriageway. The type of median shall depend
upon the availability of Right of Way. The minimum width of median, subject to
availability of Right of Way, for various locations shall be as in Table 6.2.3.
Width of median
Table 6.2.3
Type of Section
Open country with isolated built up

area
Built up area
Approach to grade separated structure
Minimum Width of Median (m)

Plain and Rolling Mountainous and
terrain
Steep terrain
Raised Depressed
Raised
median
4.5
7.0
2.0
2.0
Not
Applicable
Not
Applicable
4.5
2.0
2.0
6.2.4 Shoulders
The shoulder width on the outer side (left side of carriageway) shall be as
given in Tables 6.2.4.1 and 6.2.4.2
Width of Shoulders in Plain and Rolling Terrain

Table 6.2.4.1
Type of Section
Width of Shoulder (m)
Paved
Earthen
Total
Open country with isolated built up area
Built up area
Approaches to grade separated
structures
Approaches to bridges
SET -JU
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
-
3.5
2.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
3.5
Page 126
Width of Shoulders in Mountainous and Steep Terrain (Hilly Area)

Table 6.2.4.2
Type of Section
Width of Shoulder, including drain and

crash barrier as applicable (m)
Open country with isolated built up area

Built up area and approaches to grade
separated structures bridges
1.5 (on hill side)

2.0 (on valley side)
1.5 (on hill side)
2.0 (on valley side)
Earthen Shoulder
Raised Footpath
along with
provision of
adequate drainage
along and across
the footpath
6.2.5 Roadway Width

The width of roadway shall depend upon the width of carriageway, shoulders
and the median. On horizontal curves with radius up to 300 m, width of pavement
and roadway in each carriageway shall be increased as per Table 6.2.5.
Extra Width of Pavement and Roadway in each carriageway

Table 6.2.5
Radius of Curve
Extra Width
75-100 m
101-300 m
0.9 m
0.6 m
6.2.6 Sight Distance

The safe stopping sight distance and desirable minimum sight distance for
divided carriageway for various design speeds are given in Table 6.2.6. The
desirable values of sight distance shall be adopted unless there are site constraints.
A minimum of safe stopping sight distance shall be available throughout.
Safe Sight Distance

SET -JU
Page 127
Table 6.2.6
Design Speed
(km/hr)
100
80
60
40
Safe Stopping sight

distance (m)
180
180
90
45
Desirable minimum
sight distance (m)
360
260
180
90
6.2.7 Vertical Alignment

The vertical alignment should provide for a smooth longitudinal profile.
Grade changes shall not be too frequent as to cause kinks and visual discontinuities
in the profile. In this regard, directions given in IRC: 73 should be kept in view.
6.2.8 Gradients
The ruling and limiting gradients are given in Table 6.2.8.
Nature of terrain
Plain and rolling
Mountainous
Steep
Gradients
Table 6.2.8
Nature of terrain
3.3%
5.0%
6.0%
Limiting gradient
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
6.3 Lateral and Vertical Clearance at Underpasses

Wherever a cross road is proposed to be taken below the Project Highway,
minimum clearances at underpasses shall be as follows:
Lateral Clearance
SET -JU
Page 128
Full roadway width at the approaches shall be carried through the underpass.
This width shall not be less than 12 m (7 m carriageway + 2 2.5 m
shoulder width on either side) or as indicated in Schedule-B.
Guardrails/crash barriers shall be provided for protection of vehicles from
colliding with the abutments and piers and the deck of the structures.
The width of cattle and/or pedestrian underpass shall not be less than 5 m.
Vertical Clearance
Vertical clearance at underpasses shall not be less than the values given
below:
Vehicular underpass
Pedestrian and Cattle underpass
5.5 m
3.0 m (to be increased to 4.5m, in
case certain
categories of animals such as
elephant/camel
are expected to cross the Project
Highway frequently)
6.4 GEOMETRIC DESIGN

Design of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment is presented below:
Design of Horizontal Alignment: HIP-01
Horizontal Alignment
Speed
HIP-01
50 Kmph
No of Lanes
Width of Carriage way
7.5 m
Width of Crash barriers
0.5 m
SET -JU
Page 129
Total Width of Deck
8.5 m
Cross Camber in Carriage Way
2.50 %
Details of Curve
Radius of Curve
429.55 m
Deviation Angle
3.94
Tangent Length
14.775
Beginning of Curve
82.323
Length of Curve
End of Curve
29.54 m
111.86
As per IRC-86-1983, Extra Widening and Super Elevation is not required for Design
Speed 50 KM/hr
Horizontal Alignment
HIP-02
Speed
50 kmph
No of Lanes
Width of Carriage way
7.5 m
Width of Crash barriers
0.5 m
Total Width of Deck
8.5 m
Cross Camber in Carriage Way
2.50 %
Details of Curve
Radius of Curve
458 m
Deviation Angle
5.42
SET -JU
Page 130
Tangent Length
21.679
Beginning of Curve
627.89
Length of Curve
End of Curve
43.33 m
671.22
As per IRC-86-1983, Extra Widening and Super Elevation is not required for Design
Speed 50 KM/hr
Vertical Alignment
The vertical The vertical alignment consists of 2 summit curves at the beginning of
approach ramps on Magadi Road side, and Vijayanagar side, 1 valley curves are
proposed near box. The vertical gradient provided is 1 in 10 towards Magadi, 1 in
25 towards Vijayanagar. The speed considered in the vertical alignment is 40Kmph
as per NIT.
Summit curve(VIP -01) at Ch

Speed
Stopping site distance
G1
G2
106.629
40.000 Kmph
45.000 from table 8 IRC:86-1993
0.012
-0.0500
Length of Valley curve(L)

Case 1- when L>S
N= G1-G2=0.062
= 41.060 m
Case 2- when L<S
SET -JU
Page 131
N= G1-G2=0.062
= 40.68164 m
Hence length of the curve = 41.05976 m
However provide L = 45 m
Beginning of Curve
VIP Chainage
End of Curve
CH = 84.124
CH = 106.629
CH = 129.129
Ordinates of vertical curve
C = G1 -G2/200L
C = 0.00069278
h = Tangent Correction
X = Distance from the point of curve
Beginning of Curve
CH = 84.124
VIP Chainage
CH = 106.629
End of Curve
CH = 129.129
RL on tangent at the beginning of
102.412
Curve
Vertical Gradient (from BC to VIP) 1 in 80.97
Vertical Gradient (from VIP to EOC) 1 in 20
Chainage
Distance
h(m)
84.129
0.00
0.000
RL
on Proposed
Tangent
Road
level
102.412
102.412
86.379
2.25
0.004
102.440
SET -JU
Remarks
Beginning
of curve
102.436
Page 132
valley curve(VIP -02) at Ch
353.129
88.629
90.879
93.129
95.379
97.629
99.879
102.129
104.379
106.629
108.879
111.129
113.379
115.629
117.879
120.129
122.379
124.629
126.879
129.129
102.468
102.495
102.523
102.551
102.579
102.607
102.634
102.662
102.690
102.577
102.465
102.352
102.240
102.127
102.015
101.902
101.790
101.677
101.565
SET -JU
4.50
6.75
9.00
11.25
13.50
15.75
18.00
20.25
22.50
20.25
18.00
15.75
13.50
11.25
9.00
6.75
4.50
2.25
0.00
0.014
0.032
0.056
0.088
0.126
0.172
0.224
0.284
0.351
0.284
0.224
0.172
0.126
0.088
0.056
0.032
0.014
0.004
0.000
102.454
102.464
102.467
102.463
102.452
102.435
102.410
102.378
102.339
102.293
102.240
102.181
102.114
102.040
102.959
101.871
101.776
101.674
101.565
VIP 1
End
curve
of
Page 133
Speed
G1
G2
40.000 Kmph
45.000 from table 8 IRC:86-1993
-0.050
0.0400

Case 1- when L>S
N= G1-G2=0.090
= 59.268 m
Case 2- when L<S
N= G1-G2=0.090
= 55.83333 m
Beginning of Curve
VIP Chainage
End of Curve
CH = 323.129
CH = 353.129
CH = 383.129
C = G1 -G2/200L
SET -JU
Page 134
C = 0.00075
Beginning of Curve
CH = 323.129
VIP Chainage
CH = 353.129
End of Curve
CH = 383.129
91.865
Curve
Vertical Gradient (from VIP to EOC) 1 in 25.00
Chainage
Distance
h(m)
323.129
0.00
0.000
RL
on Proposed
Tangent
Road
level
91.865
91.865
326.129
329.129
332.129
335.129
338.129
341.129
344.129
347.129
350.129
353.129
356.129
359.129
362.129
365.129
3.00
6.00
9.00
12.00
15.00
18.00
21.00
24.00
27.00
30.00
27.00
24.00
21.00
18.00
0.007
0.027
0.061
0.108
0.169
0.243
0.331
0.432
0.547
0.675
0.547
0.432
0.331
0.243
91.715
91.565
91.415
91.265
91.115
90.965
90.815
90.665
90.515
90.365
90.485
90.605
90.725
90.845
SET -JU
91.722
91.592
91.476
91.373
91.284
91.208
91.146
91.097
91.062
91.040
91.032
91.037
91.056
91.088
Remarks
Beginning
of curve
VIP 1
Page 135
368.129
371.129
374.129
377.129
380.129
383.129
15.00
12.00
9.00
6.00
3.00
0.00
0.169
0.108
0.061
0.027
0.007
0.000
90.965
91.085
91.205
91.325
91.445
91.565
91.134
91.193
91.266
91.352
91.452
91.565
End
curve
of

Case 1- when L>S
summit curve(VIP -03) at Ch

Speed
G1
G2
402.081
30.000 Kmph
30.000 from table 8 IRC:86-1993
0.040
-0.0400
N= G1-G2=0.080
= 28.235 m
Case 2- when L<S
N= G1-G2=0.080
= 28.325 m
SET -JU
Page 136
Beginning of Curve
VIP Chainage
End of Curve
CH = 387.081
CH = 402.081
CH = 417.081
C = G1 -G2/200L
C = 0.00133333
Beginning of Curve
CH = 387.081
VIP Chainage
CH = 402.081
End of Curve
CH = 417.081
91.723
Curve
Vertical Gradient (from VIP to EOC) 1 in 25.00
Chainage
Distance
h(m)
387.081
0.00
0.000
RL
on Proposed
Tangent
Road
level
91.723
91.723
388.581
390.081
391.581
393.081
394.581
396.081
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
0.003
0.012
0.027
0.048
0.075
0.108
91.783
91.843
91.903
91.963
92.023
92.083
SET -JU
Remarks
Beginning
of curve
91.780
91.831
91.876
91.915
91.948
91.975
Page 137
397.581
399.081
400.581
402.081
403.581
405.081
406.581
408.081
409.581
411.081
412.581
414.081
415.581
417.081
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00
13.50
12.00
10.50
9.00
7.50
6.00
4.50
3.00
1.50
0.00
0.147
0.192
0.243
0.300
0.243
0.192
0.147
0.108
0.075
0.048
0.027
0.012
0.003
0.000
92.143
92.203
92.263
92.323
92.263
92.203
92.143
92.083
92.023
91.963
91.903
91.843
91.783
91.723
91.996
92.011
92.020
92.023
92.020
92.011
91.996
91.975
91.948
91.915
91.876
91.831
91.780
91.723
VIP 1
End
curve
of
Proposed Levels at various locations

SL No
1
2
3
SET -JU
Chainage
106.629
353.129
402.081
FRL
102.329
91.040
92.023
Remarks
Vip-01
Vip-01
Vip-01
Page 138
Chapter - 7
Design of Box Portion
SET -JU
Page 139
Designing of Box portion

7.1 LOAD CALCULATIONS:
1 Dead Load
Self weight of top slab
0.45*1*30=13.50 KN/m2
Self weight of side wall
0.4*1*30=12.00 KN/m2
Self weight of bottom slab
0.4*1*30=12.00 KN/m2
2 Live load Surcharge

=30
=0
soil=20 KN /m3
=20
=90
water=10 KN /m3
ka = 0.297 from Coloumbs equation

live load surcharge
1.2*ka* =7.132 KN/m
3 Earth pressure
ka**h=42.70 KN /mt
4 Super imposed DL
1.44=2.00 KN /mt
5 Crash barrier load
=7.75 KN /mt
6 Soil over burden pressure
*h=119.0 KN /mt
7 vehicular live load:

70R Tracked
70R Wheeled
2Class A
SET -JU
Page 140
Dry condition:- Load Condition

1.Self Weight
2.Live load Surcharge(Both side)
3. Live load Surcharge(One side)
4.Earth Pressure(dry)
5.Wearing coat
6.Crash Barrier
7.Soil over birden force
8.Temperature rise
9.Temperature fall
Comb-1=1+2+4+5+6
Comb-2=1+3+4+5+6
Comb-3=Com-1+8
Comb-4=Com-2+8
Comb-5=Com-1+9
Comb-6=Com-2+9
Load Factors
AS PER IRC6:2010, TABLE 3.2, PAGE NO69, THE LOAD FACTORS ARE UNDER
1)Dead load
=1.35
2)Wearing coat
=1.75
3)LL Surcharge
=1.2
4)Earth Pressure
=1.5
5)Crash Pressure
=1.35
6)Buoyancy Force
=0.15
7)Water Pressure
=1
SET -JU
Page 141
8)Temperature rise
=1
9)VLL
=1.5
IMPACT FACTOR:
70R-TRACKED
10%
70R-WHEELED
25%
Class A
30%
70R WHEELED
SET -JU
Page 142
Support Condition:
SBC of soil considered = 450kn/m2
Vertical sub grade modulus = 40*SF*qa (Ref.page 503 ,joseph E.bowles)
= 40*2.5*100
Spring constants = 45000 KN/m
The 2-D Analysis is carried out using Staad pro. And the forces are noted at critical
points for the Design of section.
Sections Considered:
TOP SLAB:
CENTER WALL
1-1 Center of wall
11-11 Center of top slab
2-2 Face of wall
12-12 Soffit of top slab
3-3 End of Haunch
13-13 Center of wall
4-4 Center of slab
14-14 At bottom haunch

15-15 Face of bottom slab
16-16 Bottom slab level
SIDE WALL
BOTTOM SLAB
5-5
Center of top slab
17-17 Center of wall
6-6
Soffit of top slab
18-18 Face of wall
7-7
Center of wall
19-19 End of haunch
8-8
At bottom haunch
20-20 Center of bottom slab
SET -JU
Page 143
9-9
Face of bottom slab
10-10 Bottom slab level
Effective width of dispersion

Following method is adopted for calculating beff, load position resulting
maximum BM from Staad pro is noted. Effective width of dispersion is calculated
for the load position by considering CG of the loading on deck corresponding to
the critical value of BM.
Consideration of vehicles for design
A)70R Tracked vehicle
B)70R Wheeled vehicles
C)Class A two Vehicles
1)Check for adequacy of top slab thickness
Summary of bending moments:
(Without Temperature)
1-1
Comb-1
130.46
Comb-2
125.93
Comb-3
0
Comb-4
0
Max BM
130.46
Values included is excluding VLL
2-2
105.84
118.6
0
0
118.6
3-3
130.33
149.36
0
0
149.36
4-4
185.67
208.3
0
0
208.3
BM due to VLL
VLL
70R
Wheeled
Beff
BM
Max BM
SET -JU
(L/C)
70
1-1
327.3
2-2
406.225
3-3
348.75
4-4
555.6
5.37
60.984
60.984
5.37
75.689
75.689
5.37
64.980
64.980
5.37
103.522
103.522
Page 144
With Temperature (rise)

1-1
131.09
123.71
0.00
0.00
131.03
Comb-5
Comb-6
Comb-7
Comb-8
Max BM
2-2
105.48
111.42
0.00
0.00
111.42
3-3
130.82
147.01
0.00
0.00
147.01
4-4
186.57
205.44
0.00
0.00
205.44
3-3
135.51
151.70
0.00
0.00
151.70
4-4
192.28
211.15
0.00
0.00
211.15
With Temperature (fall)

1-1
Comb-9
135.52
Comb-10
128.15
Comb-11
0.00
Comb-12
0.00
Max BM
135.52
Consider Max BM values
2-2
109.70
115.70
0.00
0.00
115.78
GRADE OF CONCRETE
= M-30
GRADE OF STEEL
=Fe-500
CLEAR COVER
=40
DIA OF MAIN BAR
=Y-16
DIA OF DISTR BAR
=Y-10
MU/b*d*d
=0.013*fck
Dreq
Sqrt(mu/Q*b)
Astreq=
1 - (4.6Mu/(fck * b * d * d) )
As per IRC:112-2011,CL:16.5.1.1,pg no 175,

ASMIN=0.26*(fctm/fyk)*bt*d>0.001*3bt*d
Design of Top slab (main reinforcement)

SET -JU
Page 145
Without Temperature
Max BM due
to DL without
temp
MAX VLL
Bending
moment
Design BM
dreq
dpro
Check
1-1
130.46
2-2
118.60
3-3
149.36
4-4
208.30
60.98
75.69
64.98
103.52
191.44
219.05
402.00
Safe
194.29
220.67
402.00
Safe
214.34
231.77
402.00
Safe
311.82
279.55
402.00
safe
With Temperature IN both case with temperature case is max

Max BM due
to DL with
temp
MAX VLL
Bending
moment
Design BM
dreq
dpro
Check
1-1
135.52
2-2
115.78
3-3
151.70
4-4
211.15
60.98
75.69
64.98
103.52
196.50
206.94
402.00
Safe
191.47
204.27
402.00
Safe
216.68
217.31
402.00
Safe
314.67
261.87
402.00
safe
Design of distribution steel:

Max BM due
to DL without
temp
Max BM due
to DL with
temp
SET -JU
(0.2*DL)+(0.3*LL)
1-1
26.09
2-2
23.72
3-3
29.87
4-4
41.66
27.10
23.16
30.34
42.23
Page 146
MAX VLL
Bending
moment
Design BM
dreq
dpro
Check
SET -JU
18.30
22.71
19.49
31.06
45.40
106.67
389.00
Safe
46.43
107.87
389.00
Safe
49.83
111.76
389.00
Safe
73.29
135.53
389.00
safe
Page 147
Chapter - 8
Discussions and Conclusions
SET -JU
Page 148
Chapter - 8
Discussions and Conclusions
8.1 General
Bangalore city is the fast growing metropolitan city in India, due
to this traffic volume rate is increasing enormously in the city and every
traffic junction is getting congested. Though fly-over, under-pass, metrorails has been constructed still the traffic volume rate and delay time is
on increasing side.
Magadi and basaveshwara road junction has been identified to estimate

the traffic volume as on 1st week of April, which indicates the peak hour
traffic volume of 8340 PCU/hr. Air pollution at this junction is
considerably increasing and will be further increased over the years.
8.2 Conclusion
From the results obtained, Underpass has to be constructed in order reduce
the traffic volume rate and delay time at Magadi and Basaveshwara road
junction.
SET -JU
Page 149
A 4 lane divided bi-directional carriageway and an underpass at the junction

has to be made. And the provision of underpass provides relief in the traffic
flow across the junction for the highest PCU values.
Looking at the future of the junction in terms of carbon footprint, use of ecofriendly vehicles for transportation has to be promoted.
References
1. As per IRC 006 2000, Standard specifications and code of practice for
Road Bridges.
2. As per IRC 86 1983, Geometrical Design Standards for Urban Roads in
Plains.
3. As per SP 16, 1980, Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS
4. As per IS 456 2000.
5. Manual Specifications and Standards.
6. Reinforced Cement Concrete, Krishna Raju.
7. Topographic Survey Drawing.
8. Documents of NIT.
9. Google Maps.
SET -JU
Page 150

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Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

The city which was originally developed as a garden city subsequently

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

1.2 Key Map

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

To summarise, the Main Objective of the Study of this Junction is to offer to

2.2 Project Scope

Carry out Field Reconnaissance Survey that includes Site Appreciation,

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Basic Engineering Designs, Drawings and Longitudinal

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Box Portion of Underpass

2.4 Design Philosophy

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

2.5 Approach Methodology

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

3.1.1 Arm (Magadi Road) towards Chord Road Side of the

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

3.1.3 Arm towards Basaveshwara Nagar Side of the Intersection

3.2 Existing Traffic Regulations

3.3 Street Lighting Pattern

3.5 Pedestrian Movement

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Junction leads to hazardous movement pattern of the Pedestrians across the

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

4.2 Reconnaissance Survey

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

been detailed out in Chapter 3 Site Characteristics. At present no Improvement

4.3.1 Methodology for Traffic Surveys

Bicycle, Cycle Rickshaw, Animal

Utility Vehicle: Van and Tempo

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

4.4 Analysis of Traffic Study Data

4.4.1 Analysis of Turning Movement Count Data

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Passenger Car Unit (PCU) Factors recommended by Indian Road Congress in

Equivalent PCU Factors

Two wheelers, Motorcycle or Scooter, etc.

Passenger car, Pick up Van

Light Commercial Vehicle

Agricultural Tractor Trailer

Tonga (Horse drawn vehicle)

4.4.2 Hourly Variation of Traffic

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

4.4.4 Traffic Composition

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

4.5 Topographic Survey

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

4.6. Traffic volume survey

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Fast Moving Vehicles

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Designing of Retaining Wall and Box Portion of Underpass 2014

Kah2 = 0.50.33202.452 = 19.8 KN

Surcharge pressure Ph = Kaqh = 0.33242.45 = 19.4 KN

1000300 = 360 mm2