PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE ADDICTION SEVERITY INDEX

Indications of reliability, validity, its use in clinical practice, outcome studies, and evaluation research.

Alterman, A.I., Brown, L.S., Zaballero, A., McKay, J.R. (1994). Interviewer severity ratings and
composite scores of the ASI: A further look. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 34(3), 201-209.
Alterman, A.I., McLellan, A.T., Shifman, R.B. (1993). Do substance abuse patients with more
psychopathology receive more treatment? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181,(9),
576-582.
Amoureus, M.P.S.R., van den Hurk, A.A., Schippers, G.M., & Breteler, M.H.M. (1994). The Addiction
Severity Index in penitentiaries. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative
Criminology, 38(4), 309-318.
Ball, J.C., Corty, E., Petroski, S.P., Bond, H., Tommasello, A. (1986). Medical services provided to
2,394 patients at methadone programs in three states. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,
3, 203-209.
Brown, L.S., Alterman, A.I., Rutherford, M.J., Cacciola, J.S., et al. (1993). Addictions Severity Index
scores of four racial/ethnic and gender groups of methadone maintenance patients. Journal of
Substance Abuse, 5(3), 269-279.
Brooner, R.K., King, V.L., Kidorf, M., Schmidt, C.W., & Bigelow, G.E. (1997). Psychiatric and
substance abuse use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opiod users. Archives of General
Psychiatry, 54, 71-80.
Corse, S.J., Zanis, D., & Hirschinger, N.B. (1995). The use of the Addiction Severity Index with people
with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 19(1), 9-18.
Dixon, L., Myers, P., Johnson, J., & Corty, E. (1996). Screening for mental illness with the Addiction
Severity Index. American Journal on Addictions, 5(4), 301-307.
Drake, R.E., McHugo, G.J., & Biesanz, J.C. (1995). The test-retest reliability of standardized instruments
among homeless persons with substance use disorders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 56(2),
161-167.
Fureman, I., McLellan, A.T., Alterman, A.I. (1994). Training for and maintaining interviewer
consistency with the ASI. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 11(3), 233-237.
Gottheil, E., McLellan, A.T., Druley, K.A. (1992). Length of stay, patient severity and treatment
outcome: Sample data from the field of alcoholism. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53(1), 6975.
Gottheil, E., McLellan, A.T., Druley, K.A. eds. (1981). Matching Patient Needs and Treatment
Methods in Alcohol an Drug Abuse. Charles Thomas Pub: Chicago.
Greenstein, R.A., Evans, B.L., McLellan, A.T., O'Brien, C.P. (1983). Predictors of favorable
outcome following naltrexone treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 12,(1), 113-180.

Grissom, G.R. & Bragg, A. (1991). Addiction Severity Index: Experience in the field. International
Journal of the Addictions, 26(1), 55-64.
Hayashida, M., Alterman, A.I., McLellan, A.T., O'Brien, C.P., Purtill, J., Volpicelli, J. (1989).
Comparative effectiveness and costs of inpatient and outpatient medical alcohol detoxification.
New England Journal of Medicine, 329(6), 358-365.
Hellerstein, D.J., Rosenthal, R.N., & Miner, C. (1995). A prospective study of integrated outpatient
treatment for substance-abusing schizophrenic patients. American Journal on Addictions, 4, 3342.
Hendricks, V.M., Kaplan, C.D., Van-Limbeek, J., Geerlings, P. (1989). The Addiction Severity Index:
Reliability and validity in a Dutch addict population. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,
6(2), 133-141.
Hodgins, D.C., El-Guebaly, N. (1992). More data on the Addiction Severity Index: Reliability and
validity with the mentally ill substance abuser. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180(3),
197-201.
Joyner, L.M., Wright, J.D., & Devine, J.A. (1996). Reliability and validity of the Addiction Severity
Index among homeless substance misusers. Substance Use and Misuse, 31(6), 729-751.
Kadden, R.M., Kranzler, H.R., & Rounsaville, B.J. (1994). Validity of the distinction between
substance-induced and independent depression and anxiety disorders. American Journal
of Addictions, 4, 107-117.
Kleinman, P.H., Woody, G.E., Todd, T.C., Millman, R.B., Kang, S. Y., Kemp, J., & Lipton, D.S.
(1990). Crack and cocaine abusers in outpatient psychotherapy. In L.S. Onken & J.D. Blaine
(Eds.), Psychotherapy and counseling in the treatment of drug abuse, 24-35. Washington, DC:
U.S. Government Printing Office.
Kokkevi, A., & Hartgers, C. (1995). Europe ASI: European adaptation of a multidimensional
assesment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence. European Addiction Research, 1(4),
208-210.
Kosten, T.R., Rounsaville, B., Kleber, H.D. (1983). Concurrent validity of the Addiction Severity Index.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 171, 606-610.
LaPorte, D., McLellan, A.T., O'Brien, C.P., Marshall, J. (1981). Treatment response in psychiatrically
impaired drug abusers. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 22(4), 411-419.
Lesieur, H.R. & Blum, S.B. (1992). Modifying the Addiction Severity Index for use with pathological
gamblers. American Journal on Addictions, 1(3), 240-247.
McCuster, J., Bigelow, C., Servigon, C., & Zorn, M. (1994). Test-retest reliability of the Addiction
Severity Index composite scores among clients in residential treatment. American Journal on
Addictions, 3(3), 254-262.
McDermott, P.A., Alterman, A.I., Brown, L., & Zaballero, A. (1996). Constuct refinement and
confirmation for the Addiction Severity Index. Psychological Assessment, 8(2), 182-189.
McLellan, A.T., Cacciola, J.S., & Fureman, I. (1996). Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Treatment
Services Review (TSR). In L.I. Sederer & B.Dickey (Eds.), Outcomes Assessment in Clinical
Practice. (pp. 70-75).

McLellan, A.T., Druley, K.A., O'Brien, C.P., Kron, R. (1980). Matching substance abuse
patients
to appropriate treatments. A conceptual and methodological approach. Drug and Alcohol
Dependence,5(3), 189-193.
McLellan, A.T., Erdlen, F.R., Erdlen, D.L., O'Brien, C.P. (1981). Psychological severity and response
to alcoholism rehabilitation. Drug and Alcohol Dependency, 8(1), 23-35.
McLellan, A.T., Kushner, H., Metzger, D., Peters, R., et al. (1992). The fifth edition of the Addiction
Severity Index. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 9(3), 199-213.
McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., Cacciola, J., Griffith, J., Evans, F., Barr, H., O'Brien, C.P. (1985). New
data from the Addiction Severity Index: Reliability and validity in three centers. Journal of
Nervous and Mental Disorders, 173(7), 412-422.
McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., Cacciola, J., Griffith, J., McGahan, P., & OBrien, C.P. Guide to the
Addiction Severity Index: Background, administration, and field testing results. (1985). U.S.
Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.
McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., O'Brien, C.P., Woody, G.E. (1980). An improved diagnostic instrument
for substance abuse patients, The Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous and Mental
Diseases, 168, 26-33.
McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., Woody, G.E., Druley, K.A., O'Brien, C.P. (1983). Predicting response
to alcohol and drug abuse treatments: Role of psychiatric severity. Archives of General
Psychiatry, 40, 620-625.
McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., Woody, G.E., O'Brien, C.P., Druley, K.A. (1983). Increased
effectiveness of substance abuse treatment: A prospective study of patient-treatment "matching".
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 171(10), 597-605.
McLellan, A.T., Metzger, D., Alterman, A.I., Cornish, J., Urschel, H. (1991). How effective is
substance abuse treatment-Compared to what? In O'Brien, C.P., ed. Advances in Understanding
the Addictive States. N.Y., ARNMD Press.
McLellan, A.T., O'Brien, C.P., Luborsky, L., Woody, G.E., Kron, R. (1981). Are the addiction-related
problems of substance abusers really related? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 169(4),
232-239.
McLellan, A.T., Randall, M., Joseph, N., Alterman, A.I. (1991). Using the ASI to compare cocaine,
alcohol, opiate and mixed substance abusers. In Harris, L., ed. Problems of Drug Dependence
1989. NIDA Research Monograph, USGPO.
McLellan, A.T., Woody, G.E., Luborsky, L., O'Brien, C.P., Druley, K.A. (1982). Is treatment for
substance abusers effective? JAMA, 247. 1423-1427.
Merrill, Jeffrey. (1998). Evaluating treatment effectiveness: changing our expectations. Journal of
Substance Abuse Treatment, 15(3), 175-176.
Meyers, K., Jaeger, J., Metzger, D., & Sargiotto, P. (1989). The Carrier Addiction Severity Index for
Adolescents (CASI-A). In L.S. Harris (Ed.), Problems of Drug Dependence, NIDA Research
Monograph 95. (pp. 467-468). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Meyers, K., McLellan, A.T., Jaeger, J.L., & Pettinati, H.M. (1995). Development of the Comprehensive
Addiction Severity Index for Adolescents (CASI-A): An interview for assessing multiple problems
of adolescents. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 12(3), 181-193.
Meyers, K., McLellan, A.T., Jaeger, J.L., Pettinati, H.M., Wertz, J.S., Cleaveland, B.L., & Stephens,
R.S. (1995). Problems in the application of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in rural
substance abuse services. Journal of Substance Abuse, 7(2), 175-188.
O'Brien, C.P., Alterman, A.I., Walter, D., Childress, A.R., McLellan, A.T. (1990).
treatment for cocaine dependence. In Harris, L., ed. Problems of
Drug
1989. NIDA Research Monograph, USGPO.

Evaluation of
Dependence,

Rogalski, C.J. (1987). Factor stucture of the Addiction Severity Index in an inpatient detoxification
sample. International Journal of the Addictions, 22(10), 981-992.
Saxe, L., Dougherty,D., Esty, K., Fine, M. (1983). The Effectiveness and Costs of Alcoholism
Treatment. Health Technology Case Study 22. Office of Technology Assessment. Washington
D.C.
Smith, I.E., Moss-Wells, S., Moeti, R., Coles, C. (1990). Characteristics of non-referenced cocaine
abusing mothers. In Harris, L., ed. Problems of Drug Dependence 1989. NIDA Research
Monograph, U.S. Government Printing Office.
Stoffelmayr, B.E., Mavis, B.E., & Kasim, R.M. (1994). The Lonitudinal stability of the Addiction
Severity Index. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 11(4), 373-378.
Weston, D.J. (1994). Validation of the Addiction Severity Index with a schizophrenic population.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 54(10), 5405B.
Woody, G.E., Luborsky, L., McLellan, A.T., O'Brien, C.P., Beck, A.T., Hole, A., Herman,
I.(1983). Psychotherapy for opiate addiction: Does it help? Archives of
Psychiatry, 40, 626-634.

General

Woody, G.E., McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., & OBrien, C.P. (1995). Psychotherapy in community
methadone programs: A validation study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(9), 13021308.
Zanis, D.A., McLellan, A.T., Cnaan, R.A., & Randall, M. (1994). Reliability and validity of the
Addiction Severity Index with a homeless sample. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 11(6),
541-548.
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