Moment of Inertia

Motor Temperature Rise

ICalculation Formula for Moment of Inertia

Heat Generation and Insulation of Motors

J(Calculation Formula of Inertia)

Disc
J=

1
WD2kgCcm2
8

W : Masskg
D : Outer Diametercm
Hollow Cylinder

J=

W : Masskg
D : Outer Diametercm
d : Inner Diametercm

Sphere
J=
D

1
WD2kgCcm2
10

GD2=

Formula of Flywheel Effect)

1
WD2kgfCcm2
2

W : Weightkgf
D : Outer Diametercm

GD2=

1
W(D2+d2)kgfCcm2
2

W : Weightkgf
D : Outer Diametercm
d : Inner Diametercm

GD2=

2
WD2kgfCcm2
5

W : Masskg
D : Diametercm

W : Weightkgf
D : Diametercm

1
J=
W(a2+b2)kgCcm2
12

1
GD2=
W(a2+b2)kgfCcm2
3

When a current flows in the motor, heat is generated. This heat is an electrical loss
caused by the following three factors: the copper loss generated in the conductive part of
the motor by the coil or conductor resistance, the resistance of the iron core materials
where magnetic lines pass through, and the iron loss generated in the iron core part
where the iron core is magnetized. There is also heat generation called, mechanical loss,
friction loss, caused by the friction of the bearings, brake shoes and air. Each is called a
loss" because to output the predetermined force, the motor requires as much extra
current or power as it consumes as heat. Part of the heat generated in the motor is
internally stored, and the rest is diffused into the air by radiation, convection and
conduction. While the motor is running, the difference between the thermal loss
generated in the motor and the diffused(in the air)heat raises the motor temperature.
This is called thetemperature rise"orheat run"of the motor. The winding part of the
motor has the highest temperature rise. For the insulating sheath to protect the winding
part and the other insulating materials, the maximum allowable temperature is specified,
and under that temperature, those insulators can continuously be used. When the motor
is operated for a long time exceeding this temperature, it may be damaged. This compact
geared motor adopts heat resistance class 120(E)insulation. Heat resistance class
120(E)insulation consists of insulating materials(Polyester Insulator)that can be
continuously used when the winding part of the motor is at 120A or less; the limit of
temperature rise of the winding is 75K(deg).

Measuring Method of Motor Temperature Rise

Measure the temperature rise of
Thermometer
the motor frame with an alcohol or
mercury thermometer or
thermocouple fixed on its center.
In this case, the ambient
temperature of the motor runs
high if the motor is enclosed.
In this case, it is necessary to
measure the ambient temperature
near the motor.
When the ambient temperature is 40A(the maximum room temperature of
ambient temperature by JIS Standard), set the conditions to raise motor
temparture to the maximum(of operating patterns and conditions of use,
etc.)
. When the motor temperature reaches the maximum, the motor can be
used if the temperature of the motor frame surface is 90A or less.
For the ambient temperature is 20A, its limit is 70A. I.E., the temperature
rise limit converted to the frame temperature is estimated at 50K(deg).

Temperature Rise of Condenser-Run Type and 3-Phase Type Motors

c
a

Narrow Rod

W : Masskg
a,b: Length of Each Sidecm

J=W

L/2
L/2

W : Masskg
D : Outer Diametercm
L : Lengthcm

Straight Rod
J=
L

Inertia of Any Axis

Horizontal Linear Motion

Ball Screw

WD2
8

WD2
kgCcm2
4

W : Mass on Conveyerskg
D : Drum Diametercm
GJ of Belt Drum is excluded.
J=JA+

+WS2 kgCcm2

W : Masskg
D : Diametercm
S : Radius of Gyrationcm
J=

1
WL2kgCcm2
3

W : Masskg
L : Lengthcm

J=

3D2+4L2
kgCcm2
48

WCP2
kgCcm2
4Q2

W : Masskg
P : Lead of Feed Screwcm
JA : Inertia of Feed ScrewkgCcm2

n1
J(
1 GD21) a

All Inertia on a-Axis Conversion Basis

n2 2
J=J1+
J2kgCcm2
n1

Decelerator

b
2 GD22)
J(
n2 b

( )

n1 : Revolution Speed of a-Axisr/min

n2 : Revolution Speed of b-Axisr/min
J1 : J of a-AxiskgCcm2
J2 : J of b-AxiskgCcm2

W : Weightkgf
a,b: Length of Each Sidecm

GD2=W

3D2+4L2
kgfCcm2
12

W : Weightkgf
D : Outer Diametercm
L : Lengthcm

GD2=

4
WL2kgfCcm2
3

W : Weightkgf
L : Lengthcm

GD2=

WD2
2

+4WS2kgfCcm2

W : Weightkgf
D : Diametercm
S : Radius of Gyrationcm
GD2=WD2kgfCcm2
W : Mass on Conveyerskgf
D : Drum Diametercm
GGD2 of Belt Drum is not included.
GD2=GD2A+

WCP2
kgfCcm2
Q2

W : Weightkgf
P : Lead of Feed Screwscm
GD2A: Feed Screw GD2kgfCcm2
All GD2 on a-Axis Conversion Basis
n2 2 2
GD2=GD21+
GD 2kgfCcm2
n1

( )

n1 : Revolution Speed of a-Axisr/min

n2 : Revolution Speed of b-Axisr/min
GD21: GD2 of a-AxiskgfCcm2
GD22: GD2 of b-AxiskgfCcm2

The condenser-run type motors have the highest temperature rise with no load. This means the electrical loss reaches the maximum with no load, and the
heat generation with no load exceeds the loss with full load. This is because with no load, a phase advancing capacitor provided in the auxiliary winding
part circuit causes the current loss increase in the main and auxiliary windings, and the reverse magnetic field caused by imbalanced current also
generates a loss in the rotor. Unlike the condenser-run type motor, with no load, the 3-phase motors have few factors to heat generation such as input
losses. But according to load increase, the input losses increase and temperature rises higher.

Temperature Rise, Cooling Curve and Operating Conditions

The right figure shows the temperature rise-cooling curve.
The relationship between the time passage and motor operation in the figure is as follows:
T0
:Start power supply to the motor.
T30
:Thirty minutes has passed after starting power supply to the motor.
After TN:The temperature rise of the motor is saturated.
TN
:Stop power supply.
TE
:Natural cooling to the same value as the ambient temperature.
TemperaturePchanges as indicated below from time T0 to time TE.
P0 :Ambient Temperature
P30 :Temperature after 30 minutes
PN :Saturated Temperature
PN-P0 Indicates temperature rise values.
The time interval is almost as indicated below, though it varies slightly according to the model.
TN
:2.5~3
(h)
TE~TN :3~4
(h)

Temperature Rise-Cooling Curve

(A)
Temperature

Rectangular Solid

721

1
W(D2+d2)kgCcm2
8

2
GD(Calculation

PN
P30

P0
T0

T30

TN

TE

Time(h)

1Induction Type Motors

Because the Induction Type motor has continuous ratings, the temperature rises of the winding part is 75K
(deg)
fromPN to P0 the rated output.
Therefore, the temperature does not rise further even in continuous operation TN hours later.
2Reversible Motors
Because the Reversible Type motor has a 30-minute rating, the temperature rise of the winding part from P30-P0 is 75K
(deg)
or less(E-class)
at
T30 during 30-minute continuous operation. Therefore, when the motor is continuously used longer than 30 minutes or used with too short stop time
in intermittent operation, pay attention that the motor may cause burning damage.
3Special Conditions of Use
The ambient operating temperature is from -10A to 40A, while the ambient operating humidity is 80% RH or lower.
Be careful when using the motor in the following conditions A~E.
A.Low temperature atmosphere of -10A or lower
Due to grease hardening in the gear head or on the motor, the torque generated by the motor is lowered. Due to a rapid temperature change,
moisture may also be condensed in the motor. Due to dew in the motor, rust etc. may affect its life span significantly.
B.High-Temperature Atmosphere of 40A or Higher
The temperature of the motor windings part may rise high, causing insulation deterioration and burning damage. Flow-out of the lubricating grease
in the bearings may shorten the life of the bearing, lock and burn the motor finally.
C.Atmosphere at Humidity of 85% RH or Higher
The insulation of the motor windings part may be deteriorated. When the storage conditions in the transporting aircraft or vessel is hot and humid,
the products must be sealed up with desiccant agent to protect against condensation.
D.Poor Ventilation
See B above.
When the motor is enclosed, the ambient temperature of the motor may rise high and significantly shorten its life. To prevent this problem, provide
vent holes to improve the ventilation conditions, and keep the ambient temperature of the motor at 40A or lower.
E.Do not use it in places covered with dust, metal powder, oil mist, or places mixed with water, oil, grinding fluid. Do not use it with the inflammables
nearby or under the conditions filled with corrosive gas(H2S, SO2, NO2, Cl2 etc)
or ignited gas.

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