Name

: Umar

Reg. Number : P0600213406

Subject

: English for Academic Purposes

In doing my ESP assignment for preparation of discussion activity on November 17 th, 2014. I and

Sarniati Nuru share my paper presentation I had presented in the first half of ESP class at the third
semester. I write a paper based on Ph. Dr. Andrzej Liss Paper, In title of English for academic purposes
(EAP) as a tool supporting the internalization of tertiary education. My peer is obligated to find an idea I
have paraphrased on my paper and so am I. Sarniatis paper, in title of classroom communication and
learning process, quotes a theory mentioned by Powel and powel in a book whose title is classroom
communication and diversity, enhancing instructional practice
In her paraphrase, she writes The first thing that we have to do before begin our investigation
about classroom communication is set forth our comprehension about how communication builds up.
People explanation about communication, determine how people approach and handle communication
(Powel and Powel. 2010 p.8).
To deeply comprehend her paraphrase, I search original book on which Powel and Powel
mentioned the statement above. The sentence is described in the following paragraph:
To begin our examination of classroom communication, we will first describe how our understanding of
communication has evolved. The way in which we approach and manage communication is related to our
definition of it. The early theorists focused on the message. Communication was considered a one-way
phenomenon. Different occasions called for different types or forms of speech. Campaign speeches
required one kind of communication, funeral orations another. Thus, the early theorists contributed to
our understanding of communication by suggesting that messages were connected to the setting. An
effective communicator needed to master these different forms of discourse. A message-centered
approach to human communication continued for many years. Shannon and Weaver (1949) refined the
message-centered approach by describing the processes that influenced the clarity of messages
(Powel and Powel. 2010 p.8).
To paraphrase original idea, I read and comprehend a paper published by Centre for excellence
in Learning and Teaching, the University of Melbourne. (Tim Beaumont Teaching and Learning Unit
btj@unimelb.edu.au). The article consists of 24 pages that elaborate summarizing and paraphrasing
techniques.
Based on the article,there are 5 tips in paraphrasing.
1. Use many of the following techniques simultaneously
2. Vary the techniques
3. Practice the techniques regularly

4. Only begin paraphrasing when you have complete understanding of the text
5. Try to describe the point you wish to paraphrase aloud yourself, or, if you have opportunity, tell
someone it.
(Tim Beaumont, 2012 P.4)

5 paraphrasing technique.
Use synonyms
Example:
This model provides a microeconomic theoretic rationale. It explains why researchers have failed to find
consistent evidence. They have not found the superiority of one teaching technique over another.These
techniques have not led to better production of learning in economics (Becker, 1997, p. 9).

This framework has a clear basis in microeconomic theory. The explanation accounts for why people
working in the area have not proven their initial assumption. Their assumption was that one pedagogical
technique has clear advantages over the others. However, the evidence was not conclusive It did
conclusive. not show that one pedagogical style led to a better understanding of economics. (Becker 1997
p 9.).
Use different word forms
Example:
There is an expectation that accountants are knowledgeable about taxation taws.

Accountants are expected to know taxation laws.

Change sentence Types/structures
Example:
The government raised the excise On tobacco to deter people from smoking.

To discourage smoking, the excise on tobacco was increased.

Make ideas concrete
Example:
This model provides a microeconomic theoretic rationale for why researchers have failed to find
consistent evidence of the superiority of one teaching technique over another in the production of
learning in economics. (Becker, 1997, p. 9).

This accounts for why theorists working in the area found the following: a student that is taught with
Method A is no better prepared than if he is taught with Method B. The evidence does not show that either
A or B is better in terms of learning outcomes (Becker, 1997, p. 9).
Change from active to passive voice and vice versa
Example:
McDonalds is implementing a diversification strategy.

A diversification strategy is being implemented by McDonalds.

(Tim Beaumont, 2012)

In paraphrasing my peers original idea, I use two tips that I described above; combining many
techniques simultaneously and commencing paraphrasing when I have completed understanding of the
text. I also practice 5 paraphrasing techniques that I quote from article published by Centre for excellence
in Learning and Teaching, the University of Melbourne.
1. Use synonyms
To begin our examination of classroom communication, we will first describe how our understanding of
communication has evolved. The way in which we approach and manage communication is related to our
definition of it.

The first thing we consider to examine classroom communication is description about people
understanding based on how communication gradually develop from focusing on the message to the more
complex types or forms in the way where communication is approached and managed.

2. Use different word forms

To begin our examination of classroom communication, we will first describe how our understanding of
communication has evolved. The way in which we approach and manage communication is related to our
definition of it.

The first thing we consider to examine classroom communication is description about people
understanding based on how communication gradually develop from focusing on the message to the more
complex types or forms in the way where communication is approached and managed.

3. Change sentence Types/structures

To begin our examination of classroom communication, we will first describe how our understanding of
communication has evolved. The way in which we approach and manage communication is related to our
definition of it.

The first thing we consider to examine classroom communication is description about people
understanding based on how communication gradually develop from focusing on the message to the more
complex types or forms in the way where communication is approached and managed.

4. Make ideas concrete

To begin our examination of classroom communication, we will first describe how our understanding of
communication has evolved. The way in which we approach and manage communication is related to our
definition of it.

The first thing we consider to examine classroom communication is description about people
understanding based on how communication gradually develop from focusing on the message to the more
complex types or forms in the way where communication is approached and managed.

5. Change from active to passive voice and vice versa

To begin our examination of classroom communication, we will first describe how our understanding of
communication has evolved. The way in which we approach and manage communication is related to our
definition of it.

The first thing we consider to examine classroom communication is description about people
understanding based on how communication gradually develop from focusing on the message to the more
complex types or forms in the way where communication is approached and managed.

Comparison between my paraphrase and original idea.

Original Idea

Changes

My Paraphrase

To begin our examination of

1. Synonym

The first thing we consider to

classroom

To begin > The first thing

examine classroom communication

we will first describe how

Evolved> develop

is

our

2. Word forms

understanding

communication has evolved.

Examination> to examine

communication gradually develop

The

Describe> description

from focusing on the message to

3. Sentence types/structure

the more complex types or forms

communication,

understanding

way

approach

in

which

and

of

we

manage

communication is related to
our definition of it.

description

about
based

people
on

how

To begin our examination of in the way where communication

classroom communication > is approached and managed.
The first thing we consider to
examine

classroom

communication
describe how our understanding
of communication has evolved.>
description

about

people

understanding based on how

communication
develop

gradually

4. Concrete Ideas
related to our definition of it. >
focusing on the message to the
more complex types or forms.
5. active to passive voice
The way in which we approach
and manage communication>
in

the

way

where

communication is approached
and managed

Comparison between my peer and original idea.

My peers original idea

Original Idea
To

begin

our

examination

of

classroom The first thing that we have to do before begin our

communication, we will first describe how our investigation about classroom communication is set
understanding of communication has evolved. The forth
way

in

which

we

approach

and

our

comprehension

about

how

manage communication builds up. People explanation

communication is related to our definition of it.

about communication, determine how people

approach and handle communication.

In my interpretation, some points of my peers paraphrase are connected to the original idea in
which she uses appropriate synonym to the key terms. For instance; the term examination, in Oxford
advance learners dictionary that is the act of looking at or considering something very carefully, is
replaced by investigation, in Oxford advance learners dictionary that is a scientific or academic
examination of the facts of a subject or problem. The term evolve, in Oxford advance learners
dictionary that is to develop gradually especially from a simple to a more complicated form, is replaced
by build up, in Oxford advance learners dictionary that is to create and develop something.
In her additional statement, however, she states People explanation about communication,
determine how people approach and handle communication. I have discussed source of additional
statement with her and she claims that it is her personal interpretation based on understanding the concept
elaborated on the page 8. I think additional interpretation in paraphrasing should be explained by the
original writer to decide that statement we quote based on what the writer originally mentions. I, however,
do not find out on the original text of the sentence she adds in her paraphrasing.