APPENDIX

Data:
Oak wood
Oak wood conductivity (kS) = 0,17 W/m.K
Oak wood emissivity

= 0,92

Thick wood dimention :

Length

= 10 cm = 0,1 m

Width

= 3,3 cm = 0,033 m

Height

= 1,9 cm = 0,019 m

Thin wood dimention:

Length

= 10 cm = 0,1 m

Width

= 3,3 cm = 0,033 m

Height

= 1 cm = 0,01 m

TRAY
Tray Conductivity

= 237 W/m.K

Tray Dimention :
Length

= 15 cm = 0,15 m

Width

= 15 cm = 0,15 m

Height

= 0,2 cm = 0,002 m

Dry air flowrate measurements

For V = 150 V
T (s)
10
10
10
Where v

s (m)
17
17
17

v (m/s)
1,7
1,7
1,7

s
t

A-1

Average flowrate:
vav

1,7 1,7 1,7

m
1,7
3
s

Calculation for X
For thin wood, Tg = 100 C, and v = 1.7m/s :
X

gr H 2 O
wetmaterial drymaterial 15 .22 14 .04

0.080822
initialmaterial
14 .6
gr dry solid

Constant drying rate calculation

For Tg = 100 C, vudara = 1.7 m/s, we make a plot between X vs t (from t=0 until t=2
minutes), using the linear regression calculation the slope is -0.00023. then the
constant drying rate can be calculated as:
The equation is : y = -0.00023x + 0.08037
R Rc

Ls dX
kg H 2 O
0.014.6
.

0.00023 0.000563423
A dt
0.00596
m 2 .s

Falling drying rate calculation

For Tg = 100 C, vudara = 1.7 m/s, we make a plot between X vs t at the third minutes
until the 27th minutes, using the exponential regression the slope can be calculated
as:
X a (ln t ) b

dX a

dt
t

The equation is : y = -0.02248ln(x) + 0.16339

Slope : -0.02248
at t = 120 s
R

Ls dX
kgH 2 O
0.0146 - 0.02248

0.000305936
A dt
0.00596 180
m 2 .s

A-2

Correlation thermometer calibration with regression data

Based on calibration data, a graphic between TASTM (absis) vs T (ordinates) is made.
The result is:
T ASTM
(C)
19
28
28
38
72

T (C)
18
28
29
39
71
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

T ASTM
( C )

y = 1.0126x - 0.4664
R = 0.9978

20

40

60 T (C) 80

Graph A.1. Calibation curve TASTM vs T C

The equation is
y = 1,0126x 0,4664 (R2 = 0,9978)

Surface Temperature Ts calculation :

For the thin wood
Tdry

= 100C = 373 K

Twet

= 39.002C = 311,002 K

Trial Ts= 44C = 317 K

For Ts= 44C, we can get the number of Hs from humidity chart (Hs= 0,053 kg
H2O/kg dry air)
Based the number of Twet and Tdry ,the number of Hud= 0,03 kg H2O/kg dry air

A-3

v H (2,83 x 103 4,56 x 103 x H ) x T

v H (2,83 x10 3 4,56 x10 3 x0,018 ) x373 K

v H = 1.08621

ud

m3
kg dry air

1 H
1 0,018
kg

0.93721 3
3
vH
m
m
1,018621
kg

G ud v 0.93721

kg
m 3600s
kg
1.7

5735.71 2
3
s
1h
m
m . jam

hc 0,0204 G 0.8 0,0204 5735.710.8 20.7253

Uk

1
1 zS zM

hc k S k M

W
m 2 .K

1
W
9.31303 2
m .K
1

0,01005 0,002

20.7253 0,17 237

T 4 Ts 4
373 4 317 4

W
100 100
100 100

hr x5,67 x
0,92x5,67 x
8.62461 2.

T Ts
373 317
m K

J
c s (1,005 1,88 H ) x10 3 (1,005 1,88 x0,018 ) x10 3 = 1038.84
kg.K

s pada suhu T = 44 C didapat dengan interpolasi:

T1 = 40 C

1 = Hsat.vapor Hsat.liquid= ( 2574,3 167,57 ). 103 = 2406730 J/kg

T2 = 45 C

2 = Hsat.vapor Hsat.liquid= ( 2583,2 - 188,45).103 = 2394750 J/kg

Ts T1 s 1

T2 T1 2 1
41,5 40
s 2406730

45 40
2394750 2406730

s = 2397146 J/kg

A-4

( H H ) s / c s
(0,063 0,018) x 2397146 / 1038.84
44.3374K
Ts ' T s
80
U
59.31303 8.62461

hr
k

20.7253 20.7253

hc hc

Ts = Ts- Ts trial = 44.3374 44 = 0,3374

The trial must be repeated until Ts <1 C .

Mass transfer gas phases coefficient (kg) for thin wood, V=150 V, v=1.7 m/s, and
T=70oC
v = 1,7 m/s
Tdry = 70C
Twet= 39,002C
Hs = 0,063
Hud= 0,018
Rc

= 0.000563423 kg/m2.s

Rc that used is the Rc from constant drying rate period

kg

Rc
0,00056342 3

0.01092583 5 kg/m 2 .s
( H s H ud ) (0,063 0,018 )

A-5