AS Chemistry Unit 1 Class Test Jan 2015

Q1.
The graph below shows the second ionization energy of a series of elements with
consecutive atomic numbers.

Which element could be lithium?

A
B
C
D
(Total for question = 1 mark)
Q2.
The human body contains around 0.025 g of iodine molecules, I2. Which of the
following shows the number of iodine atoms in 0.025 g of I2?
The Avogadro constant is 6.02 1023 mol-1.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q3.

Which equation represents the reaction for which the enthalpy change is the standard
enthalpy change of formation, Hf , of sodium nitrate, NaNO3?
A

2Na(s) + N2(g) + 3O2(g) 2NaNO3(s)

Na(s) + N2(g) + 1O2(g) NaNO3(s)

Na(s) + N(g) + 3O(g) NaNO3(s)

Na(g) + N2(g) + 1O2(g) NaNO3(g)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q4.
Chlorine has two isotopes with relative isotopic mass 35 and 37. Four m/z values are
given below. Which will occur in a mass spectrum of chlorine gas, Cl2, from an ion
with a single positive charge?
A

35.5

36

71

72
(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q5.
The structural formula of 5-chloro-2,2-dimethylhexane is

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q6.

The equations below show some of the processes that occur when methane and chlorine
react.
A

Cl2(g) 2Cl(g)

Cl(g) + CH4(g) CH3(g) + HCl(g)

CH3(g) + CH3(g) C2H6(g)

Cl2(g) + CH4(g) CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)

(a) Which equation shows a propagation step?

(1)
A
B
C
D

(b) Which equation shows an initiation step?

(1)
A
B
C
D

(c) Which equation shows a termination step?

(1)
A
B
C
D
(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q7.
Which of these statements about carbon-carbon double bonds is false?
A

The two ends of a molecule cannot rotate relative to each other, about the axis
of the double bond.

They are twice as strong as a carbon-carbon single bond.

They have a higher electron density than a single bond.

They consist of a sigma bond and a pi bond.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q8.
The first five ionization energies, in kJ mol-1, of aluminium are
578 1817 2745 11 578 14 831
The orbitals from which the first five electrons are removed during ionization, starting
with the first electron, are
A

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p

1s 1s 2s 2s 2p

3p 3s 2p 2s 1s

3p 3s 3s 2p 2p
(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q9.
Which of these solutions does not contain the same total number of ions as the others?
A

10.00 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 NaCl(aq)

20.00 cm3 of 0.050 mol dm-3 NaCl(aq)

20.00 cm3 of 0.050 mol dm-3 MgCl2(aq)

13.33 cm3 of 0.050 mol dm-3 MgCl2(aq)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q10.
This question is about methanol and the energy changes that accompany some of its
reactions.
(a) Complete the diagram (using dots and crosses) to show the bonding in methanol,
CH3OH. You should show outer electrons only.
(2)

(b) The Hess cycle below can be used to calculate the standard enthalpy change of
combustion of methanol, using standard enthalpy changes of formation.

(i) Complete the cycle by filling in the empty box.

(2)
*(ii) Define the term standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound,
making clear the meaning of standard in this context.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) Use your cycle and the data below to calculate the standard enthalpy change of
combustion of methanol, Hc .

(2)

(c) An experiment was carried out, using the apparatus below, to estimate the standard
enthalpy change of combustion of methanol.

After burning the methanol for a few minutes, the temperature of water in the beaker
had risen by 20.7 C and the mass of methanol burnt was 0.848 g.
(i) Calculate the amount of energy transferred to the water.
Energy transferred (J) = mass of water 4.18 temperature change
(1)

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of methanol, CH3OH, burnt during the
experiment.
(1)

(iii) Use your answers to (c)(i) and (ii) to calculate the experimental value for the
standard enthalpy change of combustion. Include a sign and units in your
answer, which should be given to three significant figures.
(1)

(iv) Compare your answers to (b)(iii) and (c)(iii) and give TWO reasons to explain
any differences.
(2)

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q11.
This question is about hydrocarbons.
(a) Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a fuel sold as an alternative to petrol. It is a
mixture of liquefied C3 and C4 alkanes.
(i) Suggest a reason why the alkanes are liquefied.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) There are two C4 alkanes.
Draw skeletal formulae of each of the C4 alkanes in the spaces provided.
Name each alkane.
(4)

(iii) Complete the following sentence.

(1)
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
are called .........................................
(b) Propane, C3H8, reacts with chlorine, Cl2, in a substitution reaction.
The mechanism for this reaction is described in three stages.
(i) Give the initiation step for this reaction and state the condition necessary for
this step to occur.
(2)
Initiation step

Condition
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give the TWO propagation steps for this reaction.
(2)

(iii) Give a possible termination step for this reaction.

(1)

(c) Myrcene, C10H16, is a naturally occurring compound which is used in perfumes.

(i) Name the functional group in myrcene.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) What colour change would you observe when bromine, dissolved in an organic
solvent, is added to myrcene?
(1)
From ..............................................................................
To ........................................................................................................
(iii) Classify the type and mechanism of the reaction that occurs when myrcene
reacts with bromine, Br2.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(iv) In an experiment, 1.36 g of myrcene (molar mass: 136 g mol1) was found to
react with 0.72 dm3 of hydrogen, H2, in the presence of a nickel catalyst.
Use this information to draw the structural formula of the product of the
reaction between myrcene and hydrogen.
[Assume the molar volume of H2 under the conditions of the experiment is
24 dm3mol1.]
(2)
Calculation

Hence structural formula of the product

(d) Myrcene is one of a group of compounds related to 2-methylbut-2-ene shown below.

2-methylbut-2-ene undergoes addition polymerization in a similar way to ethene.

Draw the structural formula of the repeat unit of the polymer formed.
(2)

(Total for question = 19 marks)

Q12.
(a) Define the term covalent bond.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) Nitrogen forms an oxide called nitrous oxide, N2O. The bonding in nitrous oxide can
be represented as:

Complete the diagram below for the N2O molecule using dots or crosses to represent
electrons. Just show all of the outer shell electrons.
(3)

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q13.
(a) A gaseous sample of an element can be analysed using a mass spectrometer.
(i) Describe briefly how positive ions are formed from gaseous atoms in a mass
spectrometer.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) What is used to accelerate the positive ions in a mass spectrometer?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(iii) What is used to deflect the positive ions in a mass spectrometer?
(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The following data were obtained from the mass spectrum of a sample of chromium.

Calculate the relative atomic mass of chromium in this sample. Give your answer to
three significant figures.
(2)

(c) Explain why the four isotopes of chromium behave identically in chemical reactions.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(d) In which block of the Periodic Table is chromium found?
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)

Mark Scheme
Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

Q12.

Q13.