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Chapter 15

15-1

Given: Uncrowned, through-hardened 300 Brinell core and case, Grade 1, N C =


109 rev of pinion at R = 0.999, N P = 20 teeth, N G = 60 teeth, Q v = 6, P d = 6
teeth/in, shaft angle = 90, n p = 900 rev/min, J P = 0.249 and J G = 0.216 (Fig.
15-7), F = 1.25 in, S F = S H = 1, K o = 1.
Mesh

d P = 20/6 = 3.333 in, d G = 60/6 = 10.000 in

Eq. (15-7):

v t = (3.333)(900/12) = 785.3 ft/min

Eq. (15-6):

B = 0.25(12 6)2/3 = 0.8255


A = 50 + 56(1 0.8255) = 59.77

Eq. (15-5):

59.77 785.3
K v

59.77

Eq. (15-8):

v t,max = [59.77 + (6 3)]2 = 3940 ft/min

0.8255

1.374

Since 785.3 < 3904, K v = 1.374 is valid. The size factor for bending is:
Eq. (15-10):

K s = 0.4867 + 0.2132 / 6 = 0.5222

For one gear straddle-mounted, the load-distribution factor is:


Eq. (15-11):

K m = 1.10 + 0.0036 (1.25)2 = 1.106

Eq. (15-15):

(K L ) P = 1.6831(109)0.0323 = 0.862
(K L ) G = 1.6831(109 / 3)0.0323 = 0.893

Eq. (15-14):

(C L ) P = 3.4822(109)0.0602 = 1
(C L ) G = 3.4822(109 / 3)0.0602 = 1.069

Eq. (15-19):

K R = 0.50 0.25 log(1 0.999) = 1.25 (or Table 15-3)


CR K R 1.25 1.118

Bending
St sat 44(300) 2100 15 300 psi

Fig. 15-13:

0.99

Eq. (15-4):

( all ) P sw t

sat K L
S F KT K R

15 300(0.862)
10 551 psi
1(1)(1.25)

Chapter 15, Page 1/20

Eq. (15-3):

Eq. (15-4):

( all ) P FK x J P
Pd K o K v K s K m
10 551(1.25)(1)(0.249)

690 lbf
6(1)(1.374)(0.5222)(1.106)
690(785.3)
H1
16.4 hp
33 000

WPt

15 300(0.893)
10 930 psi
1(1)(1.25)
10 930(1.25)(1)(0.216)
WGt
620 lbf
6(1)(1.374)(0.5222)(1.106)
620(785.3)
H2
14.8 hp Ans.
33 000
( all )G

The gear controls the bending rating.


________________________________________________________________________
15-2

Refer to Prob. 15-1 for the gearset specifications.


Wear
Fig. 15-12:

s ac = 341(300) + 23 620 = 125 920 psi

For the pinion, C H = 1. From Prob. 15-1, C R = 1.118. Thus, from Eq. (15-2):
sac (CL ) P CH
S H KT C R
125 920(1)(1)
( c,all ) P
112 630 psi
1(1)(1.118)
( c,all ) P

For the gear, from Eq. (15-16),


B1 0.008 98(300 / 300) 0.008 29 0.000 69
CH 1 0.000 69(3 1) 1.001 38

From Prob. 15-1, (C L ) G = 1.0685. Equation (15-2) thus gives


sac (CL )G CH
S H KT C R
125 920(1.0685)(1.001 38)
( c,all )G
120 511 psi
1(1)(1.118)
( c,all )G

For steel:

C p 2290 psi

Chapter 15, Page 2/20

Eq. (15-9):

Cs 0.125(1.25) 0.4375 0.593 75

Fig. 15-6:

I = 0.083

Eq. (15-12):

C xc = 2

Eq. (15-1):

( )
Fd P I
W c,all P
C p K o K v K mCsC xc

t
P

1.25(3.333)(0.083)
112 630

2290
1(1.374)(1.106)(0.5937)(2)
464 lbf
464(785.3)
11.0 hp
33 000
2

1.25(3.333)(0.083)
120 511

2290
1(1.374)(1.106)(0.593 75)(2)
531 lbf
531(785.3)
12.6 hp
33 000
2

H3
WGt

H4

The pinion controls wear:

H = 11.0 hp

Ans.

The power rating of the mesh, considering the power ratings found in Prob. 15-1,
is
H = min(16.4, 14.8, 11.0, 12.6) = 11.0 hp Ans.
________________________________________________________________________
15-3

AGMA 2003-B97 does not fully address cast iron gears. However, approximate
comparisons can be useful. This problem is similar to Prob. 15-1, but not
identical. We will organize the method. A follow-up could consist of completing
Probs. 15-1 and 15-2 with identical pinions, and cast iron gears.
Given: Uncrowned, straight teeth, P d = 6 teeth/in, N P = 30 teeth, N G = 60 teeth,
ASTM 30 cast iron, material Grade 1, shaft angle 90, F = 1.25, n P = 900
rev/min, n = 20, one gear straddle-mounted, K o = 1, J P = 0.268, J G = 0.228, S F
= 2, S H 2.
Mesh

d P = 30/6 = 5.000 in, d G = 60/6 = 10.000 in


v t = (5)(900 / 12) = 1178 ft/min

Set N L = 107 cycles for the pinion. For R = 0.99,


Table 15-7:

s at = 4500 psi

Chapter 15, Page 3/20

Table 15-5:
Eq. (15-4):

s ac = 50 000 psi
sat K L
4500(1)
swt

2250 psi
S F KT K R
2(1)(1)

The velocity factor K v represents stress augmentation due to mislocation of tooth


profiles along the pitch surface and the resulting falling of teeth into
engagement. Equation (5-67) shows that the induced bending moment in a
cantilever (tooth) varies directly with E of the tooth material. If only the
material varies (cast iron vs. steel) in the same geometry, I is the same. From the
Lewis equation of Section 14-1,
M
K W tP

v
I /c
FY
We expect the ratio CI / steel to be
CI
( K v )CI
ECI

steel ( K v )steel
Esteel
In the case of ASTM class 30, from Table A-24(a)
(E CI ) av = (13 + 16.2)/2 = 14.7 kpsi
Then,

( K v )CI

14.7
( K v )steel 0.7( K v )steel
30

Our modeling is rough, but it convinces us that (K v ) CI < (K v ) steel , but we are not
sure of the value of (K v ) CI . We will use K v for steel as a basis for a conservative
rating.
Eq. (15-6):

B = 0.25(12 6)2/3 = 0.8255


A = 50 + 56(1 0.8255) = 59.77

Eq. (15-5):

59.77 1178
K v

59.77

Pinion bending

0.8255

1.454

( all ) P = s wt = 2250 psi

From Prob. 15-1, K x = 1, K m = 1.106, K s = 0.5222


Eq. (15-3):

( all ) P FK x J P
Pd K o K v K s K m
2250(1.25)(1)(0.268)

149.6 lbf
6(1)(1.454)(0.5222)(1.106)

WPt

Chapter 15, Page 4/20

H1

149.6(1178)
5.34 hp
33 000

Gear bending
JG
0.228
149.6
127.3 lbf
0.268
JP
127.3(1178)
H2
4.54 hp
33 000

WGt WPt

The gear controls in bending fatigue. H = 4.54 hp Ans.


________________________________________________________________________
15-4

Continuing Prob. 15-3,


Table 15-5:

s ac = 50 000 psi
50 000
sw t c,all
35 355 psi
2
2

Eq. (15-1):


Fd P I
W c,all
C p K o K v K mCsCxc

Fig. 15-6:

I = 0.86

From Probs. 15-1 and 15-2: C s = 0.593 75, K s = 0.5222, K m = 1.106, C xc = 2


From Table 14-8:

C p 1960 psi

1.25(5.000)(0.086)
35 355
91.6 lbf
Wt

1960 1(1.454)(1.106)(0.59375)(2)
91.6(1178)
H3 H 4
3.27 hp
33 000
2

Thus,

Rating
Based on results of Probs. 15-3 and 15-4,
H = min(5.34, 4.54, 3.27, 3.27) = 3.27 hp

Ans.

The mesh is weakest in wear fatigue.


________________________________________________________________________
15-5

Uncrowned, through-hardened to 180 Brinell (core and case), Grade 1, 109 rev of
pinion at R = 0.999, N P = z 1 = 22 teeth, N G = z 2 = 24 teeth, Q v = 5, m et = 4 mm,
shaft angle 90, n 1 = 1800 rev/min, S F = 1, S H S F 1, J P = Y J1 = 0.23,
J G = Y J2 = 0.205, F = b = 25 mm, K o = K A = K T = K = 1 and C p 190 MPa .
Chapter 15, Page 5/20

Mesh

d P = d e1 = mz 1 = 4(22) = 88 mm,

d G = m et z 2 = 4(24) = 96 mm

Eq. (15-7):

v et = 5.236(105)(88)(1800) = 8.29 m/s

Eq. (15-6):

B = 0.25(12 5)2/3 = 0.9148


A = 50 + 56(1 0.9148) = 54.77
0.9148

Eq. (15-5):
Eq. (15-10):

54.77 200(8.29)
Kv
1.663

54.77

K s = Y x = 0.4867 + 0.008 339(4) = 0.520

Eq. (15-11): with K mb = 1 (both straddle-mounted),


K m = K H = 1 + 5.6(106)(252) = 1.0035
From Fig. 15-8,
(CL ) P (Z NT ) P 3.4822(109 ) 0.0602 1.00
(CL )G (Z NT )G 3.4822[109 (22 / 24)]0.0602 1.0054
Eq. (15-12):

C xc = Z xc = 2

Eq. (15-19):

K R = Y Z = 0.50 0.25 log (1 0.999) = 1.25


CR Z Z YZ 1.25 1.118

(uncrowned)

From Fig. 15-10, C H = Z w = 1


Eq. (15-9):

Z x = 0.004 92(25) + 0.4375 = 0.560

Wear of Pinion
Fig. 15-12:

H lim = 2.35H B + 162.89


= 2.35(180) + 162.89 = 585.9 MPa

Fig. 15-6:

I = Z I = 0.066

Eq. (15-2):

( H ) P

( H

) ( Z NT ) P ZW
S H K Z Z
585.9(1)(1)

524.1 MPa
1(1)(1.118)
lim P


bd e1Z I
Eq. (15-1):
W H
C p 1000 K A K v K H Z x Z xc

The constant 1000 expresses Wt in kN.


t
P

Chapter 15, Page 6/20


25(88)(0.066)
524.1
WPt

0.591 kN
190 1000(1)(1.663)(1.0035)(0.56)(2)
t
dnW
(88)(1800)(0.591)
1
H3

4.90 kW
60 000
60 000
2

Eq. (13-36):
Wear of Gear

H lim = 585.9 MPa


( H )G

585.9(1.0054)
526.9 MPa
1(1)(1.118)

( H )G
526.9
0.591
0.594 kN
( H ) P
524.1
(88)(1800)(0.594)
H4
4.93 kW
60 000

WGt WPt

Thus in wear, the pinion controls the power rating; H = 4.90 kW

Ans.

We will rate the gear set after solving Prob. 15-6.


________________________________________________________________________
15-6

Refer to Prob. 15-5 for terms not defined below.


Bending of Pinion
( K L ) P (YNT ) P 1.6831(109 ) 0.0323 0.862
( K L )G (YNT )G 1.6831[109 (22 / 24)]0.0323 0.864
Fig. 15-13:

F lim = 0.30H B + 14.48


= 0.30(180) + 14.48 = 68.5 MPa

Eq. (15-13):

Kx = Y = 1

From Prob. 15-5:


Y Z = 1.25, v et = 8.29 m/s,
K A 1, K v 1.663, K 1,
Yx 0.52, K H 1.0035, YJ 1 0.23
Eq. (5-4):

( F ) P

Eq. (5-3):

WPt

F limYNT

68.5(0.862)
47.2 MPa
1(1)(1.25)

S F K YZ
( F ) P bmetY YJ 1

1000K A K vYx K H
47.2(25)(4)(1)(0.23)
1.25 kN
1000(1)(1.663)(0.52)(1.0035)

Chapter 15, Page 7/20

H1

881800 1.25
60 000

10.37 kW

Bending of Gear

F lim 68.5 MPa


68.5(0.864)
47.3 MPa
1(1)(1.25)
47.3(25)(4)(1)(0.205)
WGt
1.12 kN
1000(1)(1.663)(0.52)(1.0035)
88 1800 1.12
H2
9.29 kW
60 000
Rating of mesh is
H rating = min(10.37, 9.29, 4.90, 4.93) = 4.90 kW Ans.
with pinion wear controlling.
________________________________________________________________________
( F )G

15-7
(a)



(S F ) P all (S F )G all
G
P
(sat K L / KT K R ) P
(sat K L / KT K R )G

t
t
(W Pd K o K v K s K m / FK x J ) P
(W Pd K o K v K s K m / FK x J )G

All terms cancel except for s at , K L , and J,


(s at ) P (K L ) P J P = (s at ) G (K L ) G J G
From which
(sat )G

(sat ) P ( K L ) P J P
J
( sat ) P P mG
( K L )G J G
JG

where = 0.0178 or = 0.0323 as appropriate. This equation is the same as


Eq. (14-44). Ans.
(b) In bending

sat K L

FK x J
FK x J
W t all


S F Pd K o K v K s K m 11 S F KT K R Pd K o K v K s K m 11

(1)

In wear
1/ 2

sacCLCU
W t K o K v K mCsCxc

p
Fd P I
S H KT CR 22

22

Chapter 15, Page 8/20

Squaring and solving for Wt gives

s 2 C 2C 2
Fd P I
W t 2 ac 2L 2H 2

S H KT CRCP 22 K o K v K mCsCxc 22

(2)

Equating the right-hand sides of Eqs. (1) and (2) and canceling terms, and
recognizing that CR K R and P d d P = N P , we obtain
(sac )22

S H2 (sat )11( K L )11 K x J11KT CsCxc


SF
CH2 N P K s I

Cp
(CL )22

For equal Wt in bending and wear


S H2

SF

SF

SF

So we get
(sac )G

Cp
(CL )G CH

(sat ) P ( K L ) P J P K x KT CsCxc
N P IK s

Ans.

(c)


(S H ) P (S H )G c,all c,all
c P c G
Substituting in the right-hand equality gives
[ sacC L / (C R KT )]P
C W K K K C C / ( Fd I )
o v m s xc
P
p
P
t

[ sacCLC H / (C R KT )]G
C W t K K K C C / ( Fd I )
o v m s xc
P
p
G

Denominators cancel, leaving


(s ac ) P (C L ) P = (s ac ) G (C L ) G C H
Solving for (s ac ) P gives,
( sac ) P (sac )G

(CL )G
CH
(CL ) P

(1)

From Eq. (15-14), C L P 3.4822 N L0.0602 and C L G 3.4822 N L / mG


Thus,
0.0602
Ans.
C H sac G mG0.0602C H
sac P sac G 1 mG

0.0602

This equation is the transpose of Eq. (14-45).

Chapter 15, Page 9/20

________________________________________________________________________
Core
Case
Pinion (H B ) 11 (H B ) 12
Gear
(H B ) 21 (H B ) 22

15-8

Given (H B ) 11 = 300 Brinell


Eq. (15-23):

(s at ) P = 44(300) + 2100 = 15 300 psi


J P 0.0323
0.249 0.0323
mG
15 300
17 023 psi
3
JG
0.216
17 023 2100
( H B ) 21
339 Brinell Ans.
44
2290
15 300(0.862)(0.249)(1)(0.593 25)(2)
( sac )G
1.0685(1)
20(0.086)(0.5222)
141 160 psi
141 160 23 600
( H B ) 22
345 Brinell Ans.
341
(sac ) P (sac )G mG0.0602CH 141 160(30.0602 ) 1 150 811 psi
(sat )G (sat ) P

( H B )12

150 811 23 600


373 Brinell
341

Core Case
Pinion 300 373
Gear
339 345

Ans.

Ans.

________________________________________________________________________
15-9
Pinion core
(sat ) P 44(300) 2100 15 300 psi
15 300(0.862)
( all ) P
10 551 psi
1(1)(1.25)
10 551(1.25)(0.249)
Wt
689.7 lbf
6(1)(1.374)(0.5222)(1.106)
Gear core
(sat )G 44(352) 2100 17 588 psi
17 588(0.893)
( all )G
12 565 psi
1(1)(1.25)
12 565(1.25)(0.216)
Wt
712.5 lbf
6(1)(1.374)(0.5222)(1.106)

Chapter 15, Page 10/20

Pinion case
(sac ) P 341(372) 23 620 150 472 psi
150 472(1)
( c,all ) P
134 590 psi
1(1)(1.118)

1.25(3.333)(0.086)
134 590
Wt

685.8 lbf
2290 1(1.374)(1.106)(0.593 75)(2)
2

Gear case
(sac )G 341(344) 23 620 140 924 psi
140 924(1.0685)(1)
( c,all )G
134 685 psi
1(1)(1.118)
2

1.25(3.333)(0.086)
134 685
W
686.8 lbf

2290 1(1.374)(1.106)(0.593 75)(2)


t

The rating load would be


t
Wrated
min(689.7, 712.5, 685.8, 686.8) 685.8 lbf

which is slightly less than intended.


Pinion core
(sat ) P 15 300 psi
( all ) P 10 551 psi

(as before)
(as before)

W t 689.7 lbf

(as before)

Gear core
(sat )G 44(339) 2100 17 016 psi
17 016(0.893)
12 156 psi
( all )G
1(1)(1.25)
12 156(1.25)(0.216)
Wt
689.3 lbf
6(1)(1.374)(0.5222)(1.106)
Pinion case
(sac ) P 341(373) 23 620 150 813 psi
150 813(1)
( c,all ) P
134 895 psi
1(1)(1.118)

1.25(3.333)(0.086)
134 895
Wt

689.0 lbf
2290 1(1.374)(1.106)(0.593 75)(2)
2

Gear case
(sac )G 341(345) 23 620 141 265 psi
141 265(1.0685)(1)
( c,all )G
135 010 psi
1(1)(1.118)

Chapter 15, Page 11/20


1.25(3.333)(0.086)
135 010
Wt

690.1 lbf
2290 1(1.1374)(1.106)(0.593 75)(2)
2

The equations developed within Prob. 15-7 are effective.


________________________________________________________________________
15-10 The catalog rating is 5.2 hp at 1200 rev/min for a straight bevel gearset. Also
given: N P = 20 teeth, N G = 40 teeth, n = 20, F = 0.71 in, J P = 0.241, J G = 0.201,
P d = 10 teeth/in, through-hardened to 300 Brinell-General Industrial Service, and
Q v = 5 uncrowned.
Mesh
d P 20 / 10 2.000 in, dG 40 / 10 4.000 in
d P nP (2)(1200)
vt

628.3 ft/min
12
12
K o 1, S F 1, S H 1
Eq. (15-6):

B = 0.25(12 5)2/3 = 0.9148


A = 50 + 56(1 0.9148) = 54.77
0.9148

Eq. (15-10):

54.77 628.3
K v
1.412

54.77

K s = 0.4867 + 0.2132/10 = 0.508

Eq. (15-11):

K m = 1.25 + 0.0036(0.71)2 = 1.252, where K mb = 1.25

Eq. (15-15):

(K L ) P = 1.6831(109)0.0323 = 0.862
(K L ) G = 1.6831(109/2)0.0323 = 0.881

Eq. (15-14):

(C L ) P = 3.4822(109)0.0602 = 1.000
(C L ) G = 3.4822(109/2)0.0602 = 1.043

Eq. (15-5):

Analyze for 109 pinion cycles at 0.999 reliability.


Eq. (15-19):

Bending
Pinion:
Eq. (15-23):

K R = 0.50 0.25 log(1 0.999) = 1.25


CR K R 1.25 1.118

(s at ) P = 44(300) + 2100 = 15 300 psi

Chapter 15, Page 12/20

15 300(0.862)
10 551 psi
1(1)(1.25)
(sw t ) P FK x J P

Eq. (15-4):

(swt ) P

Eq. (15-3):

Wt

Gear:

(s at ) G = 15 300 psi
15 300(0.881)
( sw t ) G
10 783 psi
1(1)(1.25)
10 783(0.71)(1)(0.201)
Wt
171.4 lbf
10(1)(1.412)(0.508)(1.252)
171.4(628.3)
H2
3.3 hp
33 000

Eq. (15-4):
Eq. (15-3):

Pd K o K v K s K m
10 551(0.71)(1)(0.241)

201 lbf
10(1)(1.412)(0.508)(1.252)
201(628.3)
H1
3.8 hp
33 000

Wear
Pinion:
(C H )G 1, I 0.078, C p 2290 psi,
Cs 0.125(0.71) 0.4375 0.526 25

Eq. (15-22):

C xc 2

(s ac ) P = 341(300) + 23 620 = 125 920 psi


125 920(1)(1)
( c,all ) P
112 630 psi
1(1)(1.118)
2

Eq. (15-1):

( )
Fd P I
W c,all P
C p K o K v K mCsC xc
t

0.71(2.000)(0.078)
112 630

2290 1(1.412)(1.252)(0.526 25)(2)


144.0 lbf
2

H3

144(628.3)
2.7 hp
33 000

Gear:
(sac )G 125 920 psi
125 920(1.043)(1)
( c,all )
117 473 psi
1(1)(1.118)
117 473
Wt

2290

0.71(2.000)(0.078)
1(1.412)(1.252)(0.526 25)(2) 156.6 lbf

Chapter 15, Page 13/20

H4

156.6(628.3)
3.0 hp
33 000

Rating:
H = min(3.8, 3.3, 2.7, 3.0) = 2.7 hp
Pinion wear controls the power rating. While the basis of the catalog rating is
unknown, it is overly optimistic (by a factor of 1.9).
________________________________________________________________________
15-11 From Ex. 15-1, the core hardness of both the pinion and gear is 180 Brinell. So
(H B ) 11 and (H B ) 21 are 180 Brinell and the bending stress numbers are:
(sat ) P 44(180) 2100 10 020 psi
(sat )G 10 020 psi
The contact strength of the gear case, based upon the equation derived in Prob.
15-7, is
Cp
S H2 (sat ) P ( K L ) P K x J P KT CsCxc
(sac )G
(CL )G CH S F
N P IK s
Substituting (s at ) P from above and the values of the remaining terms from
Ex. 15-1,
2290 1.52 10 020(1)(1)(0.216)(1)(0.575)(2)

1.32(1) 1.5
25(0.065)(0.529)

114 331 psi


114 331 23 620
266 Brinell
(H B ) 22
341

(sac )G

The pinion contact strength is found using the relation from Prob. 15-7:
(sac ) P (sac )G mG0.0602CH 114 331(1)0.0602 (1) 114 331 psi
114 331 23 600
( H B )12
266 Brinell
341
Core Case
Pinion 180 266
Gear
180 266
Realization of hardnesses
The response of students to this part of the question would be a function of the
extent to which heat-treatment procedures were covered in their materials and
manufacturing prerequisites, and how quantitative it was. The most important

Chapter 15, Page 14/20

thing is to have the student think about it.


The instructor can comment in class when students curiosity is heightened.
Options that will surface may include:
(a) Select a through-hardening steel which will meet or exceed core hardness in
the hot-rolled condition, then heat-treating to gain the additional 86 points of
Brinell hardness by bath-quenching, then tempering, then generating the teeth in
the blank.
(b) Flame or induction hardening are possibilities.
(c) The hardness goal for the case is sufficiently modest that carburizing and case
hardening may be too costly. In this case the material selection will be different.
(d)The initial step in a nitriding process brings the core hardness to 3338
Rockwell C-scale (about 300350 Brinell), which is too much.
________________________________________________________________________
15-12 Computer programs will vary.
________________________________________________________________________
15-13 A design program would ask the user to make the a priori decisions, as indicated
in Sec. 15-5, p. 806, of the text. The decision set can be organized as follows:
A priori decisions:
Function: H, K o , rpm, m G , temp., N L , R
Design factor: n d (S F = n d , S H nd )
Tooth system: Involute, Straight Teeth, Crowning, n
Straddling: K mb
Tooth count: N P (N G = m G N P )
Design decisions:
Pitch and Face: P d , F
Quality number: Q v
Pinion hardness: (H B ) 1 , (H B ) 3
Gear hardness: (H B ) 2 , (H B ) 4
First, gather all of the equations one needs, then arrange them before coding. Find
the required hardnesses, express the consequences of the chosen hardnesses, and
allow for revisions as appropriate.

Chapter 15, Page 15/20

Pinion Bending

Gear Bending

Pinion Wear

Gear Wear
1/ 2

Load-induced
stress (Allowable
stress)
Tabulated
strength
Associated
hardness

W t PK o K v K m K s
st
s11
FK x J P
( sat ) P

Factor of
safety

( sat )G

s21S F KT K R
( K L )G

W t K o K vCsC xc

Fd P I

c Cp

(sac ) P

s12

s 22 = s 12

s12 S H KT CR
(CL ) P (CH ) P

( sac )G

s22 S H KT CR
(CL )G (CH )G

(sat ) P 2100

44
Bhn
(sat ) P 5980

48

(sat )G 2100

44
Bhn
(sat )G 5980

48

(sac ) P 23 620

341
Bhn
(sac ) P 29 560

363.6

(sac ) P 23 620

341
Bhn
(sac ) P 29 560

363.6

(H B ) 11

(H B ) 21

(H B ) 12

(H B ) 22

44( H B )11 2100


(sat1) P
48( H B )11 5980

44( H B ) 21 2100
(sat1)G
48( H B ) 21 5980

341( H B )12 23 620


(sac1) P
363.6( H B )12 29 560

341( H B ) 22 23 620
(sac1)G
363.6( H B )22 29 560

(s ) ( K )
n11 all at1 P L P

s11KT K R

(s ) ( K )
n21 at1 G L G
s21KT K R

(s ) (C ) (C )
n12 ac1 P L P H P
s12 KT CR

Chosen
hardness
New tabulated
strength

s11S F KT K R
(K L )P

W t PK o K v K m K s
st
s21
FK x J G

Note: S F nd , S H

n22

(s ) (C ) (C )
ac1 G L G H G
s22 KT CR

SF

Chapter 15, Page 16/20

15-14 N W = 1, N G = 56, P t = 8 teeth/in, d = 1.5 in, H o = 1hp, n = 20, t a = 70F,


K a = 1.25, n d = 1, F e = 2 in, A = 850 in2
(a)

m G = N G /N W = 56, d G = N G /P t = 56/8 = 7.0 in


p x = / 8 = 0.3927 in, C = 1.5 + 7 = 8.5 in

Eq. (15-39):

a = p x / = 0.3927 / = 0.125 in

Eq. (15-40):

b = 0.3683 p x = 0.1446 in

Eq. (15-41):

h t = 0.6866 p x = 0.2696 in

Eq. (15-42):

d o = 1.5 + 2(0.125) = 1.75 in

Eq. (15-43):

d r = 3 2(0.1446) = 2.711 in

Eq. (15-44):

D t = 7 + 2(0.125) = 7.25 in

Eq. (15-45):

D r = 7 2(0.1446) = 6.711 in

Eq. (15-46):

c = 0.1446 0.125 = 0.0196 in

Eq. (15-47):

( FW ) max 2 2 7 0.125 2.646 in

Eq. (13-27):

VW (1.5)(1725 /12) 677.4 ft/min


(7)(1725 / 56)
VG
56.45 ft/min
12
L px NW 0.3927 in

Eq. (13-28):

0.3927

o
tan 1
4.764

(1.5)

Pn
pn

Eq. (15-62):
(b)
Eq. (15-38):

Pt
8

8.028
cos
cos 4.764

0.3913 in
Pn
(1.5)(1725)
Vs
679.8 ft/min
12 cos 4.764
f 0.103exp 0.110(679.8) 0.450 0.012 0.0250

Eq. (15-54):
cos n f tan
cos 20 0.0250 tan 4.764
e

0.7563
cos n f cot
cos 20 0.0250 cot 4.764

Ans.

Chapter 15, Page 17/20

Eq. (15-58):
Eq. (15-57):

33 000nd H o K a
33 000(1)(1)(1.25)

966 lbf
VG e
56.45(0.7563)
cos n sin f cos
WWt WGt
cos n cos f sin

WGt

Ans.

cos 20 sin 4.764 0.025cos 4.764


966

cos 20 cos 4.764 0.025sin 4.764


106.4 lbf Ans.
(c)
Eq. (15-33):

C s = 1190 477 log 7.0 = 787

Eq. (15-36):

Cm 0.0107 562 56(56) 5145 0.767

Eq. (15-37):

Cv 0.659 exp[0.0011(679.8)] 0.312

Eq. (15-38):

(Wt) all = 787(7)0.8(2)(0.767)(0.312) = 1787 lbf

Since WGt (W t )all , the mesh will survive at least 25 000 h.


Eq. (15-61):
Eq. (15-63):

0.025(966)
29.5 lbf
0.025sin 4.764 cos 20 cos 4.764
29.5(679.8)
Hf
0.608 hp
33 000
106.4(677.4)
HW
2.18 hp
33 000
966(56.45)
HG
1.65 hp
33 000

Wf

The mesh is sufficient

Ans.

Pn Pt / cos 8 / cos 4.764o 8.028

pn / 8.028 0.3913 in
966
G
39 500 psi
0.3913(0.5)(0.125)
The stress is high. At the rated horsepower,

1
39 500 23 940 psi
1.65

acceptable

(d)

Chapter 15, Page 18/20

Eq. (15-52):

A min = 43.2(8.5)1.7 = 1642 in2 < 1700 in2

Eq. (15-49):

H loss = 33 000(1 0.7563)(2.18) = 17 530 ft lbf/min

Assuming a fan exists on the worm shaft,


1725
0.13 0.568 ft lbf/(min in 2 oF)
3939
17 530
Eq. (15-51): ts 70
88.2o F Ans.
0.568(1700)
________________________________________________________________________

Eq. (15-50):

CR

Chapter 15, Page 19/20

15-15 Problem statement values of 25 hp, 1125 rev/min, m G = 10, K a = 1.25, n d = 1.1,
n = 20, t a = 70F are not referenced in the table. The first four parameters listed
in the table were selected as design decisions.

px
dW
FG
A
HW
HG
Hf
NW
NG
KW
Cs
Cm
Cv
VG
WGt
t
W

W
f
e
(P t ) G
Pn
C-to-C
ts
L

G
dG

15-15
1.75
3.60
2.40
2000

15-16
1.75
3.60
1.68
2000

15-17
1.75
3.60
1.43
2000

15-18
1.75
3.60
1.69
2000

15-19
1.75
3.60
2.40
2000

15-20
1.75
4.10
2.25
2000
38.0
36.1
1.85
3
30
50

15-21
1.75
3.60
2.4
2500
FAN
41.2
37.7
3.59
3
30
115

15-22
1.75
3.60
2.4
2600
FAN
41.2
37.7
3.59
3
30
185

38.2
36.2
1.87
3
30

38.2
36.2
1.47
3
30

38.2
36.2
1.97
3
30

38.2
36.2
1.97
3
30
125

38.2
36.2
1.97
3
30
80

607
0.759
0.236
492

854
0.759
0.236
492

1000
0.759
0.236
492

492

492

563

492

492

2430

2430

2430

2430

2430

2120

2524

2524

1189
0.0193
0.948
1.795
1.979
10.156
177
5.25
24.9
5103
16.71

1189
0.0193
0.948
1.795
1.979
10.156
177
5.25
24.9
7290
16.71

1189
0.0193
0.948
1.795
1.979
10.156
177
5.25
24.9
8565
16.71

1189
0.0193
0.948
1.795
1.979
10.156
177
5.25
24.9
7247
16.71

1189
0.0193
0.948
1.795
1.979
10.156
177
5.25
24.9
5103
16.71

1038
0.0183
0.951
1.571
1.732
11.6
171
6.0
24.98
4158
19.099

1284
0.034
0.913
1.795
1.979
10.156
179.6
5.25
24.9
5301
16.7

1284
0.034
0.913
1.795
1.979
10.156
179.6
5.25
24.9
5301
16.71

Chapter 15, Page 20/20

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