FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING

Department of Civil Engineering

Master of structural Engineering and construction

Retaining Wall Designed According To EC2

Design a cantilever retaining wall to support a bank of earth 3 m high. The top
surface is horizontal behind the wall but it is subjected to dead load of surcharge
14 kN/m2

the soil behind the wall is well drained sand with following

properties;
Density 1800 kg / m3 17 kN / m 3
Internal friction angle 30
The material under the load has a safe bearing pressure of 100 kN/m2
The friction coefficient between the base and soil is 0.5
Design the retaining wall using grade C30 ( f ck = 30 N/mm2) and high
strength steel (

f yk = 500 N/mm2) and mild steel for link ( f yk = 500 N/mm2).

Proposed Dimensions of Retaining Wall

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 1

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 2

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

Ka

1 sin 30
0.333
1 sin 30

And

Ka

1 sin 30
3
1 sin 30

Active Soil Pressure

Pa ( H q) Ka Where, K a

1 sin 30
0.333 , q 14kN/m 2 17 kN / m 3
1 sin 30

Height (m) From Top

Pressure ( kN/m2)

0.00

4.662

3.7

25.608

27.306

Passive pressure
Pp ( H) Kp 17 1 3 51 kN/m 2

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 3

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

Take the moment about Toe at point A as shown in the figure above

Section
Segment

Soil

Pressure

Surcharge

0.25 3.7 24 22 .2

0.725

16.095

W2

0.5 0.15 3.7 24 6.66

0.9

5.994

W3

0.3 3 24 21 .6

1.5

32.4

W4

17 3.7 2 1 125 .8

251.6

W5

14 2 1 28

56

P6

4.66 4 18 .648

37.3

P7

0.5 22 .644 4 45 .288

1.333

60.37

P8

0.5 0.1 51 25 .5

0.333

-8.492

Active
Passive

Vertical load
Vk
Horizontal
load Hk

(kN.m)

W1

Moment ,M

Total

arm (m)

No.

Wall

i)

Lever

Load (kN)

Moment

Permanent
Variable

306.09

51.88

56

37.3

Permanent = 176.26
Variable = 28
Permanent = 19.788
Variable = 18.648

Stability Against Overturning (@Point A)

Overturning Moment 1.1 51 .88 1.5 37 .3 113 .018 kN
Restrainin g Moment 0.9 176 .26 0.0 28 158 .634 kN

Overturning Moment Restrainin g Moment

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

OK!

Page 4

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

ii) Stability Against Sliding

Sliding Force 1.35 (45 .288 25 .5) 1.5 18 .65 54 .69 kN

Friction Force Vk

0.51.0 176.26 0.0 28 88.13 kN

Sliding Force Friction Force

OK!

iii) Stability Against Settlement

176 .26 28 204 .26 kN

M 306 .09 56 51 .88 37 .3 272 .82 kN.m

M
272.82

1.34m
Vk 204.26

Eccentricity , e

B
3
B 3
1.34 0.16 m 0.5m
2
2
6 6

OK!

No negative pressure
V 6e 204.26 6 0.16
q k 1
1

B 3
3
B
68.09 21.79

q Ed min 46 .3 kN/m 2
q Ed max 89 .88 kN/m 2 Soil capacity bearing qRd 100 kN/m 2

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

OK!

Page 5

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

Element Design

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 6

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

Shear force and bending moment

i) Wall

Va -b 1.54.66 3.7 1.3525.608 4.66

3.7
78.18 kN/m
2

3.7 2
3.7 3.7

M a -b 1.5 4.66
1.3525.608 4.66

112.37 kN.m/m
2
2
3

ii) Toe

82.68 73.96

Va -a 1.35
0.6 63.44 kN/m
2

73 .96 0.6 2 1
2

M a -a 1.35
82 .68 73 .96 0.6 0.6 19 .4 kN.m/m

2
3

iii) Heel

13.67 49.2
Vb-b 1.35
2 84.875 kN/m
2

13 .67 2 2 1
2
M b-b 1.35
42 .9 13 .67 2 2 89 .523 kN.m/m

2
3

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 7

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

Main Reinforcement
Material

Characteristic Strength of Concrete , f ck = 30 N/ mm 2

Characteristic Strength of Steel , f yk

= 500 N/ mm 2

Characteristic Strength of link , f yk

= 500 N/ mm 2

Bar = 12 mm

C nom 45 mm

, h 300 mm , b 1000 mm

Effective depth
d h Cnom 0.5 bar
d 300 45 0.5 12 249 mm

d = 249 mm
Wall
M a -b 112 .37 kN.m/m

M
112.37 106

0.0604 0.167
bd 2 f ck 1000 2492 30

K = 0.0604

0.0604
K
0.94d
, Z d 0.5 0.25
Z d 0.5 0.25

1
.
134
1
.
134

Z 0.94 d 0.94 249 234 .06 mm

Z = 234 mm

As

M
112.37 106

1104mm 2 / m
0.87 f yk z 0.87 500 234

Use: H12 - 100 mm

1131mm2/m

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 8

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

Toe
M a -a 19 .4 kN.m/m

M
19.4 106
K 2

0.0104 0.167
bd f ck 1000 2492 30

K = 0.0104

0.0104
K
0.99d
, Z d 0.5 0.25
Z d 0.5 0.25

1
.
134
1
.
134

Take Z 0.95 d 0.95 249 237 mm

Z = 234 mm

As

M
19.4 106

188.2mm 2 / m
0.87 f yk z 0.87 500 237

Use: H12 - 150 mm

754mm2/m

Heel
M a -a 89 .523 kN.m/m

M
89.523 106

0.048 0.167
bd 2 f ck 1000 2492 30

K = 0.048

0.048
K
0.96d
, Z d 0.5 0.25
Z d 0.5 0.25

1.134
1.134

Take Z 0.95 d 0.95 249 237 mm

Z = 234 mm

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 9

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

As

M
89.523 106

868.4mm 2 / m
0.87 f yk z 0.87 500 237

Use: H12 - 100 mm

1131mm2/m

Minimum and Maximum Reinforcement Area (Clause 9.2.1.1)

f
2.9
As ,min 0.26 ctm bd 0.26
bd 0.001508bd
f
500
yk
0.001508 1000 249 376 mm 2

Secondary bar:
Use: H12 - 200 mm
566mm2/m

As ,max 0.04 Ac 0.04bh 0.04 1000 300 12000 mm 2

Shear Design (Clause 6.2.2)

Wall

Va -b 1.54.66 3.7 1.3525.608 4.66

3.7
78.18 kN/m
2

82.68 73.96

Va -a 1.35
0.6 63.44 kN/m
2

13.67 49.2
Vb-b 1.35
2 84.875 kN/m
2

Maximum Design Shear Force, VEd 84 .875 kN

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 10

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

Design Shear Resistance (Clause 6.2.2)

VRd ,c 0.12k 1001 f ck

1
3

As ,
bd

0.02

bd

200 2
200 2
, k 1
2.0 k 1
1.896
d
249

1131
0.00454
1000 249

VRd ,c 0.12 1.896100 0.00454 303 1000 249 10 3 135.3 kN

Vmin 0.035 k 3 / 2 f ck

1/ 2

bd 0.035 1.896

3/ 2

301/ 2 1000 249 10 3 124 .6kN

So, VRd ,c 135 .3 kN VEd 84.875 kN

OK !

Cracking (Clause 7.3.3)

h 300 mm 200 mm

Need Specific Measures

Steel Stress under the action of quasi-permanent loading

f yk N quasi permanent

f s
1
.
15

N ultimate

As ,req

s , prov

N quasi permanent Gk 0.3Qk 176 .26 0.3 28 185 kN

N ultimate 1.35Gk 1.5Q 1.35 176 .26 1.5 28 280 kN

500 185 1104

2
fs

280 N / mm
1.15 280 1131

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 11

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

(Table 7.3 N) For design crack width

= 0.3 mm

Maximum allowable bar spacing

=150 mm

Bar spacing
Wall: 100 mm < 150 mm

OK!

Toe: 150 mm = 150 mm

OK!

Heel: 100 mm < 150 mm

OK!

Detailing

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 12

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 13

FAKULTI OF ENGINEERING
Department of Civil Engineering
Master of structural Engineering and construction

ECV 5221 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Retaining wall Design Assignment (EC2)
Done By Maged Mohammed

Page 14