- Compare (3.3) and (3.6): PW amplitudes are identical, integration contour dif
fers
- in common domain of validity t>=T and abs(z)>R superposition of inhomo
g. PWs in Weyl is equivalent to superposition of homog. PWs in Whittaker propaga
ting in half-space not containing observation point
- inhomog. PWs decay exponentially with abs(z) -> superposition gives de
creasing contribution as abs(z) increases
- if t>=T and abs(z)>=R superposition of homog. PWs towards source give
decreasing contribution to the total field as abs(z) increases
- Extend Whittaker expansion in restricted regions of space during times while s
ource is radiating
- Obtain PW amplitudes in terms of source function and time intervals of validit
y
- Fields with which we are dealing are not, in general, analytic -> need not adm
it Taylor series expansions in domains of interest
- Start with retarded Green function representation for the field (2.5)
- V = int_(source spatial region) retarded source function / distance (4
.1)
- a source confined in r<=R produces effects on observation point r only
in the time interval t-(r+R)/c <= t' <= t-(r-R)/c
- consider the region (4.7) t in [0, t0+(r0-R)/c], r in [r0,inf] (r0>R a
nd t0 arbitrary), define function which is equal to the source in the time inter
val t' in [0,t0] -> (4.3)
- source function rho bounded in space-time produces same effect
of alternative source bounded only in time
- V = int_(space-time region where source is active) source function * r
etarded Green's function - int_(space-time region where source is active) source
function * advanced Green function -> (4.8)
- 4D-FT of advanced Green function -> (4.9) -> (4.10) V = int_(contour C
) int_(wavenumbers) source function in [0,t0] / poles * exp
- (4.11) V = real part of int_(wavenumbers) source function in [0,t0] at
omega=ck * exp / k, hold at all observation points that satisfy (4.7)
- transform to spherical polar coordinates in integration variables -> (
4.12)
- (4.11) and (4.12) can be used to represent the field at any observatio
n point outside the spatial region occupied by the source, valid at all space-ti
me points that satisfy (4.7)
- Field admits a PW espansion of Whittaker type in some region about every space
-time point that lies outside the space-time region occupied by the source
- in restricted space-time domains some PW do not contribute to the field -> exp
licit expressions to determine which PW can be ignored
- inhomogeneous PW in Weyl expansion and homog. PWs propagating towards the sour
ce in Whittaker do not contribute to the field in certain unbounded regions of s
pace-time (as abs(z) increases and as t increases)
[19] P.M.Morse and H.Feshback, Methods of Mathematical Physics, vols I and II, M
cGraw-Hill, New York, 1953
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M.Nieto-Vesperinas - Incoming and Outgoing Components of Source-Free Wavefields,
Opt.Comm. 67, n.6, 1988
- source free fields are expressed by Whittaker representation
- Whittaker representation can be generalized for outgoing radiating sources and
scattered fields [3,4] (Weyl representation)
- equating Whittaker with Weyl in common domain of validity we obtain that homog
. PWs in Whittaker propagating towards the source contribute equally to inhomog.
PWs in Weyl
- focus on the contribution of incoming fields (bandlimited to homog. components
), extend angular spectrum representation in complex alpha-plane for incoming fi
elds
- a source free-field represented by Whittaker expansion can be considered as st
anding field = superposition of incoming and outcoming each with Weyl representa
tion
- Source free field Usf satisfies Helmholtz eq. (1)
- represented everywhere in terms of angular spectrum by means of Whitta
ker expansion (2)
- Outgoing field Ud generated by source distribution rho satisfies inhomogeneous
Helmholtz eq. (5)
- expressed by integral (6)
- Outgoing spherical wave expressed in Weyl form (7)
- polar angle alpha is compex and takes values on the contours D+ and D- Weyl representation for the outgoing field generated by rho -> (8), wh
ose angular spectrum is given by (9)
- PW amplitude defined by (9) is valid everywhere in the complex alpha-p
lane
- values of Ud are obtained in R+ or in R- by taking boundary va
lues of A along the contours D+ or D- Incoming field satisfy (5) but are subjectied to boundary condition of behavin
g as a convergent spherical wave at inf -> rho given by (4) represents a sink an
d not a source
- Uc given by (10)
- Weyl representation of incoming spherical wave in (11) proven in Appen
dix, different contours of integration C+ and C- angular spectrum for incoming fields due to sink rho is given in (12),
A is given in (9)
- In both cases, A is the 3D-FT of the distribution rho
- if rho is real, Uc = hermitian(Ud)
- inhomogeneous components contribution of contours C+ and C- are the sa
me of thos of D+ and D- Given rho, one obtains A from (9) and from A one can construct
- Usf through Whittaker representation (2) everywhere
- Ud choosing contours D through Weyl representation (8) in R+
- Uc choosing contours C thorugh Weyl representation (12) in R- Inspecting the alpha-contours of integration in (2), (8), (12) we have Usf=(1/
2i)(Ud-Uc) (13)
- the integration along the complex alpha-part of the contours cancels
- A source free field is the standing field obtained by the difference between a
n outgoing field and an incoming field
- each of these fields are generated from the corresponding boundary val
ues of the same angular spectrum
- Contribution of the homogeneous waves of Whittaker propagating into z<L is equ
al to the contribution of inhomogeneous waves of Weyl
- incoming field vanishes in R+
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T.B.Hansen - Exact Plane-Wave Expansion With Directional Spectrum - IEEE Trans.
on Antennas and Propagation, vol.62, n.8, 2014