RELIEF SOCIETY OF TIGRAY (REST)

West Bengal, India Exposure Visit Report

From December 21 to 31, 2011

Funded by IPA/CGAP, World Bank

Zeratsion Fisseha, Mehari Teamrat and Tekeste G/Kidan

2/9/2012

I.

Introduction
Kilte Awlaelo graduation pilot project aims to specifically target the ultra poor by linking
safety net with financial services in order to combine the alleviatory elements of safety
net with the transformative microfinance to enable the poorest to graduate out of
poverty in the long term. The overall goal of the program is to graduate the poorest 500
households to a level of self sufficiency and food security within a period of 24 months.

II.

Objective of the field visit

To get more experience on CGAP- Ford Foundation Program implemented by
Bandhan and Trickle up projects in India.

III.

List of participants
1. Zeratsion Fisseha
2. Mehari Teamrat
3. Tekeste Gebrekidan

IV.

Duration of the field visit

This field visit was conducted in West Bengal, India from December 21, 2011 to
December 3, 2011.

V.

Visited organizations and projects

In this field visit we were able to visit two organizations that had more than five
projects, Bandhan and Trickle Up.

B ANDHAN

Bandhan staff gave an orientation to us on their organisation and discussed different programs
they implement. From this discussion and orientation we were able to understand that
Bandhan is 10 years old working in microfinance and development activities. Initially it was a
purely microfinance organization but after working for four years in microfinance, Bandhan had
an important learning that microfinance is not the ultimate for the development of the poor.
Besides credit, a lot of other interventions are required for ensuring holistic development of the
poor.
With this objective in mind, Bandhan forayed into credit plus interventions in 2006. Presently
its intervention areas are: health, education, livelihood, skill development initiatives and a
program aimed exclusively for the poorest of poor. Bandhan undertakes all its development
activities through a separate, non-for-profit entity viz. Bandhan Konnagar.
Within a span of four and half years, Bandhan has extended its development services to 10,257
beneficiaries in four states viz. West Bengal, Bihar, Tripura and Assam.
With this background information we visited two sub districts, Simultala and Dhuri, where
different interventions where development and microfinance programs were being
implemented. The detail programs of the organization can be discussed as follows:

Photo number 1: Office orientation and discussion with Bandhan head quarter staff members
1. Microfinance activities
The beneficiaries of the microfinance program are those farmers who are with better
income but do not have access to banks/service providers due to a variety reasons.
Beneficiary targeting is based on the poverty line. Those households who are found
above the poverty line are involved in the microfinance program. Bandhans
microfinance and credit plus interventions accompany in economic unrestraint in the
lives of women and bring them to the social mainstream. Presently all the microfinance
activities are carried through not for profit entity called Bandhan Konnagar.
Bandhan has seven branches in West Bengal and there are five credit offices in each
branch. In this program, Bandhan has large number of clients. As these clients are better
off they have direct access to take loans from the organization and invest on a business
which is feasible and to the capacity and skill of the client.
Each client identifies a business which is to his/her interest, capacity & skill. This will be
cross checked by the credit office employees and the feasibility and profitability of the
business will be evaluated by the credit office. After evaluation if the business is
feasible, the beneficiary will be targeted and different training including technical,
social, confidence building will be given.
Then after giving the trainings and building the confidence of the clients, loan
distribution will take place. Then the clients will be organized into groups having 20-25
members/group and continuous supervision, technical support and monitoring at
individual and group level will follow. Each group has group leader and these group
leaders are responsible to lead the group, to conduct regular group meetings, to discuss
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with Bandhan branch office, to collect loans with the help of credit officer and to pay
back the loan to the branch offices. Every year the group leader will be replaced by a
new group leader and all trainings will be given to the new group leader.

Photo number 2: Group leaders while taking refresher training and orientation at field
branch office
2. Development Programs
In order to bring a holistic development on the poor, microfinance is not the ultimate
solution for development of poor. Besides, Bandhan adopt a credit plus approach and
engaged in the development space through its different program activities. In this
program there are five different components. These are:
2.1. Hard core poor Targeting program (HTP)
In todays World, microfinance is universally recognized as a potential tool for poverty
alleviation. However, microfinance intervention is not the panacea for all sections of
poor, particularly the hard core poor/poorest of the poor. The hard core poor are the
poorest section amongst the poor with a little or no asset base, highly vulnerable to
shocks and mainly depending on wage labor, begging etc.
Similarly as that of the microfinance program, beneficiary targeting is based on the
poverty line. These hardcore beneficiaries are those beneficiaries found below the
poverty line. The program (24 months duration) has been so designed that the initial
tasks involved are tracking these hard core poor through Participatory Rural Appraisal
(PRA), wherein the village community collectively select the neediest women.
Thereafter Bandhan helps identify a feasible enterprise, which is easily manageable by
the client and trains her on enterprise management and simultaneously engages in her
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confidence-building. Once the beneficiary is identified as capable of managing such an

enterprise, the relevant asset is bought and donated to the women (cash is not given).
Regular training and hand-holding support is provided to her, both technical and with
respect to consumption, till the enterprise become profitable. She is also trained to
reach a stage of basic literacy and is educated on issues of social importance. Bandhan
also provides the beneficiaries with sanitary latrines. Bandhan assumes that within the
24 months phase, the beneficiaries would graduate to the level of microfinance and
henceforth embark on a sustainable human development path.
2.2.

Bandhan Health Program (BHP)

This pivots around dissemination of health awareness in the community through
promoting of health entrepreneurs. Health education is done through health
volunteer s, participatory health forums and household visits.

2.3.

Bandhan Education Program(BEP)

Preprimary, non-formal primary schools and coaching centers encourage a
diverse age group of under privileged children to begin and sustain academics
amidst a pleasant environment.

2.4.

Employing the unemployed Program (EUP)

This initiative program has been taken to address the grave issue of
unemployment in which Bandhan joined hands with different partners.

2.5.

Bandhan Livelihood Program(BLP)

Different livelihood options are selected for the targeted group of beneficiaries
those which are economically profitable, easily manageable and socially
acceptable livelihood options. Some of these are horticulture development, goat
rearing, pig rearing, handicrafts, vegetable selling and readymade garments
selling.
Implementation modalities of the development program
Bandhan follows different methods and steps to target and implement their
program. This methods and steps are very crucial and paramount to target the
real hard core poor households and also to provide technical support,
supervision and asset and monitor the changes brought about by the program.
The mode of implementation can be discussed as follows:

a) Beneficiary selection
Done primarily through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and questionnaire
following the steps such as:
Rapport building: this is the first step where the community members and
the Bandhan staff makes first contact and introduce each other
Social mapping: Some group of the community members(100-120) will be
gathered together and put the map of their village, resource, houses, forests
and other found in their village
Questionnaire process: This is done by the project staffs. At this step a
questionnaire will be prepared- household survey- and house to house visit
will be done and the survey will be filled by project staffs.
Wealth ranking: The community members gather and will make the ranking
of households based on the economic and social status of the household. The
last two economically worse off groups are selected for the household
survey.
Verification and final selection: Area manger visits the households, verifies
the household survey and makes final selection of the beneficiaries. A head
office team does a sample check of the selected beneficiaries.

b) Livelihood selection
After beneficiary selection completed, each household will select a livelihood which
is feasible to her skill, capacity and interest. The livelihood options should be
economically profitable, easily manageable and socially accepted.

c)

Training
Primarily it was given to both staff and beneficiaries that focus on enterprise
development and confidence building. Later on different capacity buildings such as
technical training and refreshment training will be given immediately after the
asset transfer has been completed.

d) Asset transfer
Provided to all targeted group of beneficiaries including a weekly food allowance
and release of asset was done in three phases 50%, 25%, and 25% for better
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utilization. In this case asset transfer will be done in kind. Cash transfer is not
allowed. For better success of the program the asset transfer will be conducted
phase by phase. If the first phase asset transferred becomes successful the second
phase will follow and then the third. The amount of the asset transfer rages from
4000 to 16000 Rupees depending on the type of the enterprise.

e) Additional support
Additional support is provided in the form of subsistence allowance to meet the
family expenditure of the beneficiaries until return is yielded from the enterprise.
Since the food expenditure requirement of the household is covered by the
subsistence allowance, the household can run its enterprise without any challenge
and this is the key for the success of the program.
Other services extended are:

Build shed/shelter for the asset

Day to day technical support
Provide treatment support
Provide sanitary latrines
Weekly home visits and counseling
Literacy (beneficiaries learn to sign their names and count and write
numbers)

f)

Follow up and Monitoring

Hierarchal weekly and monthly follow ups from the Chief Executive Organizer (CEO)
to the grass root level Community Organizer (CO) and Health Community Organizer
(HCO )for better functioning of the program such as day to day technical support,
weekly home visits and counseling. The community organizer should visit 15
beneficiaries a day and every week for each beneficiary. In order to achieve this
each community organizer has household visit schedule program sheet, daily based
action plan, attendance meeting sheet, and others.

Name
of CO

Date

Table 1: Household visit schedule of community organizer

Time
Monday Tuesday Wednes Thurs Frid Satu Sun
day
day
ay
rday day

Table 2: Action plan of CO

Branch
Morning

Signat
ure

Afternoon

Date

Table 3: Attendancemeeting sheet

Place
Morning

Afternoon

Not only is this, at each household the monitoring format that is going to be filled by the
community facilitator also checked by the coordinator. In addition to this there is asset
follow up format/progress format that is filled by the beneficiary and the community
organizer which is very crucial to see and evaluate the progress and the changes of the
beneficiary. The monitoring and asset follow up/progress format looks as follow:
Table 4: Monitoring format
Date
Day
Issues
discussed

Problem
Solution
faced by the given
beneficiary

Table 5: Asset follow up/progress format

Date
Income
Expenditure Profit/loss Remark
opening
capital

Signature

Signature

g)

Graduation:
It was assumed that within two years phase, the beneficiaries would graduate to a local
microfinance program followed by sustainable human development activities to achieve
economical and social importance such as:
Diversification of income sources
Access to safe water and sanitation
Better health care
Practice of immunization and family planning
Literacy (knowledge of letters and numbers)

Case studies and some changes brought about by the project

During our visit we had a chance to discuss with microfinance clients and hard core
beneficiaries both in groups and individually. We were also able to visit the enterprises run by
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both the microfinance and hard core beneficiaries. Of the 300 beneficiaries targeted by
Bandhan, 294 graduated after 24 months. The 6 non graduated beneficiaries were those people
who are unable to work properly due to many reasons like age (old people) disability. To see
briefly on some cases for both microfinance and hard core beneficiaries:

Photo number 3: conducting regular group meetings

Case number1:
Name of the beneficiary: Anawara Bibi
She is hard core beneficiary of the program. She was daily laborer and her income
was very low and it cannot cover even the expenses for food of her family
Two years ago she was targeting by the program and she was participated in the
beneficiary targeting process through different techniques of the organization
Then after, with the consultation of her family and Bandhan staff members, she
choose her livelihood option and she decided to participate on selling of readymade
cloths
She got different types of trainings including technical, financial and confidence
building.
After the training, she received readymade cloths that worth 4182 Rupees as a grant
by the program. In addition to this she was receiving 140 Rupees/week for
subsistence allowance
She was receiving continuous technical support, every week supervision, education,
health program, refresher trainings and other supports by the community organizer
and other Bandhan staffs
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 She has a well developed recording system having her photograph that shows the
day to day cash flow of her business
After two years she has graduated from the hard core program and joined to the
microfinance program and took 6000 Rupees from Bandhan microfinance to expand
her business.
Currently she has been able to pay 3000 Rupees back to the bank, she is saving 10 to
30 rupees ever day from her business, she able to write and sign, she is visiting and
getting health services without any problem and she send her children to school
Finally she shared the secret for her success:
The different types of trainings given by the program helps her to develop her
confidence
The continuous supervision, technical support
The subsistence allowance given by the program: this allowance was enough
to cover the food need of her family and the profit she was gained from her
business was invested back to her business

Photo number 4:Anawara Bibi`s shop and residence

Case number 2:
Name of beneficiary: Halima Bibi
She is a microfinance client
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 Before she targeted by the program she had not any knowledge about business and
there was no any credit access in their village except the local money lenders with high
interest rate
After she targeted by the program, she got different types of trainings including
confidence building trainings, and also education and health services
At the first round she took 10000 Rupees and she has opened small shop
At this time she paid her first round loan totally and she took another 20000 Rupees to
expand her business and to start a new local caf and to provide tea, coffee, milk , soft
drinks and to prepare some fast foods to the local community

Photo number 5: Visiting of microfinance client engaged in small shop

V) Wrap up session
After two days of house to house visits we had a feedback session with Bandhan head
office staffs including the director of the organization. We reflected on our field visit and
discussed on different issues. Some questions and ideas were raised for more
clarification and Bandhan manager with all respected staff members answered all the
questions and gave us a short summary on all of the development activities. During the
discussion emphasis was given how to improve the income of the hard core poor
households and make them graduate from the program. Among other factors, Building
the confidence of the beneficiaries was very crucial. Confidence building of hard core
poor comes from:
Provision of different types of trainings
Proper asset transfer
Consumption support
Self reliance
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 Continuous technical support, supervision, monitoring and day to day follow

up of the beneficiary
Improved and sustainable income

VI)

Lessons learned
Beneficiary selection through the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and
questionnaire
Rapport building (first point of contact b/n Bandhan& community
members)
Social mapping (self identification of community and details acquired)
Questionnaire process(conduct questionnaire pertaining to criteria of
eligibility)
Wealth ranking(villagers themselves rank the households)
Verification and final selection(done by area manager and head office
team )
Accompany of different interventions to ensure holistic development such as
microfinance institution, health and sanitation, education of a diverse age
group and livelihood development.
Developing clear graduation criteria
Documentation and financial recordings at individual beneficiary and office
level
Before asset transfer takes place building the confidence of the beneficiaries is
very important. For this reason different types of trainings were given
Close follow up: day to day visit, provision of technical support, monitoring and
supervision of the program
Weekly provision of consumption support: This helps the hard core
beneficiaries to run their enterprise properly
Phase by phase asset transfer: This gives chance to evaluate the enterprise of
each households and identify the gabs and to provide support for the
beneficiaries
In kind asset transfer: this is very crucial to use the grant to the intended
objective and to bring changes
Mandatory and weekly based saving
Detail study of the feasibility of the enterprises selected by each households
and conduct asset transfer based on the result of the study

TRICKLE UP

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Similar to that of Bandhan brief explanation was given to us by the staff and
discussed on different program activities about the implementation, handholding and
monitoring systems of Trickle Up, CGAP- Ford Foundation Graduation Program and
Mainline program. Trickle Up is an international NGO working in India with
partnership of local NGOs. Three different projects were under implementation by
Trickle up. These are:
1. Trickle up project
A 13 months project with limited grant support involving 300 project participants
selected by the community members , local administrator and the staff members.
During the project implementation activities such as health support, self help group
formation and success indicators were not started yet.
2. CGAP- Ford Foundation Graduation Program
A 24 months grant support project in which project participant selection was
improved and developed in the community level. However initially poor areas which
are ultra poor dense were selected by Trickle Up staff and then Participatory Rural
Appraisal (PRA) took place immediately after area selection.

3. Main line program

It was a 36 months grant support project with comparatively better grant for 3000
project participants (pp) than the other projects which are implemented before (Trickle
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up &CGAP). The project was implemented having a lot of experiences from the
previous projects. Accordingly project participants (pp) were selected using livelihood
planning and participatory Rural Appraisal method and basic training about livelihood
planning had provided to project staff members for 45 days. Self Help Group (SHG)
formation and opening of individual bank account for each project participants (pp)
was followed so as to help asset transfer to individual bank account which was
transferred in two phases 60% and 40% respectively.
Table6: summary of trickle up projects
Program projects
Description
Trickle up
CGAP
Main line program
Time
13 months 24 months
36 months
$100
$1112
$235
Grant
Staff number
Very less
Dedicative staff
SHG formation
Project participant By NGO
Livelihood planning and
selection
staff
Community
PRA
Training o f health staff for
Health support
X
Started
45 days
Self Help Group
Serve as a midway of asset
formation
X
Started
transfer
Grant utilization in two
Success indicators X
-dophases 60% &40%
Having these back ground information, we visited the Human Development Center a
local NGO working with partnership of international NGOs, Jibantala branch with
livelihood development and health staffs on the first day. This project is implemented
by the partnership of Trickle Up and the Human Development Center. In addition to
this, we visited another site called Jhaltala to attend group discussions and other
livelihood activities such as agriculture, livestock development, rending, fishery, hand
crafts, and Self Help Group (SHG) formation.

Implementation modalities of Trickle up

A. Beneficiary targeting
Village selection with the collaboration of Panchayat leaders(a group of 6-15 villages)
Village visit will be conducted by the staff and panchayats leaders. No conduct and
discussion will be made at this stage
Discussion with known contact person in the village
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 Date will be fixed to conduct meeting with all the community members
During the meeting the community members map their village and the resources with
the help of staff members
Number will be given for every households found in the village and wealth ranking will
take place by the community them selves
Based on this ranking, household survey will be conducted
According to the conducted survey, the poorest people will be short listed/selected
After creating awareness about the importance and advantage of the SHG/Self Help
Group, the selected beneficiaries will be organized into SHG having 15-20
members/SHG
Name will be given to the SHG, By-laws will be developed and legal entity will be given
to the SHG
The SHG will fix regular meeting date & time: one meeting ever week and for the first
year it will be conducted with the help of livelihood staff
Every group members will start savings at a rate of 10 rupees/week
After the group is formed and legalized, each household will go back to their home,
discuss with their family, select and design their livelihood enterprise/business to join.
Each household enterprise will be presented in the SHG and discussed and evaluated
in the group
The list of selected beneficiaries together with their livelihood plan will be send to
Trickle up. Trickle up evaluates the process and the beneficiaries and will send the
budget to the local NGO, Human Development Center. Then Human Development
Center save/put the money to individual beneficiary households at a bank pass book
opened by their names (first round payment which is 50 %).
Before asset transfer takes place all rounded training will be given to each
households(technical, business management and confidence build
Then first round of assets (amounting 50 % of 11280 rupees for each households) will
be purchased through established purchasing committee and this committee also
follows the appropriate utilization of the budget/ whether it is utilized for the
intended objective or not.
In addition to the free grant asset transfer, there is subsistence allowance for at least
two months and at most for 24 weeks of the first year. This is given during the lean
season in order to keep the household from any shock and to enter to the business
B. Supports/Services provided by Trickle up

Free grant of asset transfer amounting 11280 rupees. This grant is given in two
phases depending on the feasibility of the enterprise
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1080 rupees of subsistence allowance only for two months in the first year
Different types of trainings
Continuous follow up, technical support, supervision and monitoring
Production and market information
Education
Health service:
Mosquito net
Health related awareness raising trainings
Family planning
Providing health related information and motivating the people to go to
health centers instead of using local traditional health services
Training for the staff members of the Human Development Center

C. Hand holding system

In each project office there is one coordinator, 5 livelihood staffs, 2 health staffs and 1
program organizer
1) Livelihood staff
Supervise 60 project participants/staff
Weekly visit to each households: visit the day to day activity of each household,
provide technical support
They follow livelihood activities and prepare action plan for the beneficiaries
For the first year the livelihood staff attends and guides the self help group
regular meetings.
Use five days of field visit per week for overall management.
Each staff Prepare action plan separately.

2) Health staff
Supervise 150 project participant/health staff
She must visit each household every two weeks
They follow the health status of the project participants. They visit house to
house to see hygiene and sanitation, check health status of project
participants, check for immunization, family planning
Awareness raising of the project participants to use and to go to health centers
3) Hand holding for project coordinator
Coordination along all staffs.
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Prepare and demonstrate training module.

Field visit with special focus of slow climbers.
Feed back and monitoring off all staff.
Hand holding to staff and create linkages to bank, Government, suppliers and
vendors.
Write all reports to Trickle Up.
D. Monitoring system
There is close follow up, technical support, monitoring and evaluation system by all the staff
members found at different levels. These will be done at project participant level, Self Help
Group level, staff level and coordinator level. Every project participant will be evaluated
quarterly and ranked as A for fast climbers, B for medium and C for slow climbers.
Based on the result of the rank, monitoring and technical support will be arranged. That is,
the weekly visit and support by the staff for the laggards will be increased to two times per
week.
1) Project participants level
Prepare information book which describes the activity engaged.
Having SHG pass book
Have project participant bank pass book
2) SHG level
Have SHG cash book
SHG bank pass book
SHG minute book.
3) Staff level
Have program ledger (performance of project participants measure).
4) Coordinator level
Consolidation of SHG
Livelihood reports
Financial reports
Grant registering
Send to Trickle up
Monitoring check list
Saving amount
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Diversification
Confidence of the project participant and the way of expressing her self
How is the project participants business and income going?
Attendance at SHG
Writing and reading skill
Health status of the household

E. Graduation criteria
A combination of 10 Criteria from each staff were developed to be assessed in individual
project participant basis having 10 points each so as to be evaluated by grading and
ranking of all project participants out of 100 points. As a result project participants
(beneficiaries) categorized as grade A, B, C, and D depending on the total score they
collect out of 100. A household categorized as grade A, B, C and D if they score >80, 6580, 50-60 and <50 respectively. Those households categorized as grade A and B will be
graduated. Whereas those households categorized as grade C and D do not graduate.
The 10 developed graduation criteria are as follows:
1. Asset value of the beneficiary
2. Attendance in SHG
3. Sign or writing of their names
4. Cleanness /sanitation/hygienic condition
5. Social awareness/confidence to manage their activity
6. Institutional linkages (school, hospital, etc)
7. Knowledge gained from training and the activity itself.
8. Diversification of the intervention
9. Participation of day to day in SHG
10. Over all intervention management and treatment
The evaluation first done at individual staff level and then will be summarized at office level.
Accordingly out of 300 project participants, 258 households were graduated.
F. Some Cases from the field
The project run by the partnership of Trickle up and Human Development Center has 300
project participants. These project participants are organized into Self Help Groups called
SHG. Each SHG has 15-20 project participants. The project has a total of 20 SHGs. The
visiting team was discussed with the SHG.

Self Help Group/SHG visited

Established before a year and has legal entity
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Has 20 members
Every week conduct meeting
Has developed local by-laws
Has account book and able to save 20,000 rupees
Has box to collect money from the savings of individual members, fine, interest rate
from distributed loan
Every member has to save 20 rupees/week
Provides loans to group members at a very low interest rate i.e. 2% per week. This loan
helps the group members to expand their business, even to start new business
The group has access to take loan from bank equivalent to the amount of the money
that they saved by the group
Benefits obtained by the beneficiaries because of organizing into the SHG:
Access to additional loan with very low interest rate
Able to make regular savings and develop saving culture
Linked with legal banks able to take loan from these banks through the SHG
Improved the confidence of individual members
Able to read and write

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Photo number 6: Attending SHG meeting and project orientation at Human Development field
office

Individual level
Name of the site: Jhaltata
Name of the beneficiary: Behula Sarder, with 9 family size and with no land for farming
Before targeting in the project she was daily laborer gaining only 50-70 rupees/day, she
was suffering and cannot cover the food and other need of her family, she had only small
house
She was participated in beneficiary targeting process and at the end she became a
beneficiary of the project
She has participated in sheep rearing and poultry/duck production
Supports what she get from the project are:
Technical training on sheep and poultry training
A total of 10 sheep and 10 ducks in two rounds
Subsistence allowance of 13 rupees/week for 24 weeks
Continuous and extensive visit and hand holding support from the staff
Education and health service

Impact of the project in her life

Her income improved and she can cover the food and she developed confidence and
able to manage her family
She has diversified her income sources: currently she is practicing sheep production(8
sheep), poultry production(10-12 ducks), fish culture(worth 4000-5000 rupees)
basic needs of her family
With the profit she gained from her business, she liaised 0.6 hectare of land for farming
She received house from the government and invest 15000 rupees to construct the
house
She sends her children to school
She can now write her name

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Photo number 7: Discussion with the beneficiary and visiting her business (duck
rearing/production)
G. Wrap up session
Similar to that of Bandhan we reflected our field visit with Trickle Up and discussed
different issues together. Some questions and ideas were raised for more clarification
and Trickle Up manager with all respected staff members answered all the questions
and gave us a short summary on all of the development activities supported by video
show on how to implement the project and progress up to graduation.
H. Lessons learned
More advanced project beneficiary selection using PRA
Phase by phase asset transfer to individuals bank account
Developing graduation criteria
Clear hand holding and monitoring system
Implementing of different interventions to bring holistic change: health, education,
social works
Household level livelihood planning and enterprise selection based on the household
interest and capacity
Organizing into Self Help Groups: This group has a crucial role in strengthening and
confidence building of individuals, easily to manage and provide technical support &
follow up, to link individual beneficiaries with financial institutions/banks and get
credit access and to scale up their business
Enterprise diversification
Opening of bank account by individual names for the purpose of asset transfer
creates the linkage of individuals with financial institutions/banks

Conclusion
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The field visit was a miracle and highly satisfactory for the team. Based on this, we would like to
say a great thank you for Bandhan, Trickle Up project and projects staff members and other
partners of these projects for their helpful sharing of their experience and managing
requirements during the field visit. We would like also to express our thank you to Ms. Sandeep
Kaur from BRAC Development Insitute for her effort in arranging the visiting program with the
above mentioned projects. At the last but not least, we would like to forward that, we are going
to use the lessons learned from the visit in KilteAwlaelo Graduation Pilot Project and other
projects of REST according to the modality and necessity of the projects under implementation
now and for the future.

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