BKtel 1570BB
CATV Distribution System
System Performance Analysis
for
CATV Systems
SPAC Release 2.7
Contents
1
Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
This Manual............................................................................................................ 4
Important Advice for Using SPAC .......................................................................... 5
1.2.1 .... Features ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2.2 .... Information Required for Calculation .................................................................................... 6
1.2.3 .... New features ......................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.4 .... Interdependencies Registered by SPAC .............................................................................. 8
1.2.5 .... Calculation Accuracy for C/N and CSO/CTB Figures ......................................................... 10
1.2.6 .... BER Calculation .................................................................................................................. 11
1.2.7 .... Unmodulated and Modulated AMTV Carriers ................................................................... 11
1.2.8 .... Libraries .............................................................................................................................. 12
1.2.9 .... Essential Use of a Load Controlled Amplifier (LCA) ........................................................... 12
1.2.10 .. Definition of the Modulation Index....................................................................................... 12
1.2.11 .. Balance Between Optimum C/N and CSO/CTB ................................................................. 15
1.2.12 .. Links with Line Extenders ................................................................................................... 15
1.2.13 .. Links with Optical Amplifiers ............................................................................................... 16
1.2.14 .. Transmitter Output Levels................................................................................................... 17
1.2.15 .. Receiver Input Level ........................................................................................................... 17
Requirements ....................................................................................................... 17
Installation .......................................................................................................... 18
2.1
2.2
3
SPAC.................................................................................................................... 18
Dongle .................................................................................................................. 19
2.2.1 .... Installation of Dongle........................................................................................................... 19
2.2.2 .... Connection of the dongle: ................................................................................................... 20
Operation ............................................................................................................ 21
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5
Overview .............................................................................................................. 28
Tool Bar................................................................................................................ 29
Menu Bar.............................................................................................................. 31
4.3.1 .... File....................................................................................................................................... 31
4.3.2 .... Channels ............................................................................................................................. 32
4.3.3 .... Edit ...................................................................................................................................... 33
4.3.4 .... Add ...................................................................................................................................... 35
4.3.5 .... Calculate! ............................................................................................................................ 36
4.3.6 .... Window................................................................................................................................ 36
4.3.7 .... Info ...................................................................................................................................... 37
4.3.8 .... Options ................................................................................................................................ 37
4.3.9 .... IM Simulator ........................................................................................................................ 37
4.3.10 .. SPQA! ................................................................................................................................. 38
Status Bar............................................................................................................. 39
Edit Module Dialog Boxes ................................................................................. 40
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Source .................................................................................................................. 40
Amplifier ............................................................................................................... 42
Load Controlled Amplifier (LCA)........................................................................... 44
Optical Transmitter (OTX) .................................................................................... 46
Optical Amplifier ................................................................................................... 48
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
6
Optical loss........................................................................................................... 50
Coaxial Loss......................................................................................................... 52
Optical Receiver (ORX) ........................................................................................ 53
Module.................................................................................................................. 56
Optical Insertion ................................................................................................. 58
Coaxial Combiner............................................................................................... 60
Return Channel Noise........................................................................................ 62
Module list .......................................................................................................... 64
Procedures.......................................................................................................... 66
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
9
x Scaling............................................................................................................... 78
y Scaling............................................................................................................... 78
Display.................................................................................................................. 78
Calculate .............................................................................................................. 79
Test ...................................................................................................................... 79
Print ...................................................................................................................... 79
Console for Monitoring ...................................................................................... 79
9.1
9.2
9.3
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
Clear..................................................................................................................... 80
Buffer.................................................................................................................... 80
Position................................................................................................................. 80
Appendix ............................................................................................................. 81
Create a Sample Schematic............................................................................... 81
Warnings and Error Messages........................................................................... 86
List of Abbreviations........................................................................................... 90
Introduction
1.1
This Manual
This instruction manual has been conceived for planning staff who
are familiar with hybrid (optical and coaxial) CATV (Community
Antenna for Television) systems.
Chapter 1 provides an introduction and important advice for using
SPAC.
Chapter 2 describes the installation of the software SPAC (System
Performance Analysis for CATV Systems).
Chapter 3 describes how to start a new schematic and an existing
one.
Chapter 4 describes the menu bar, tool bar and status bar of the
SPAC main window.
Chapter 5 describes the dialog boxes for editing the modules.
Chapter 6 describes some SPAC procedures.
Chapter 7 describes the IM (Intermodulation) simulator.
Chapter 8 describes the menus of the IM simulator.
Chapter 9 describes the console for monitoring at a specified
frequency.
Chapter 10 is the Appendix and describes a sample schematic.
1.2
1.2.1
Features
SPAC is a PCbased simulation tool for evaluating the
performance of CATV distribution networks. The program enables
calculation of the main system parameters carriertonoiseratio
(C/N), the intermodulation products compositesecondorder
(CSO) and compositetriplebeat (CTB), as well as the Bit Error
Rate (BER) and Modulation Error Ratio (MER). These parameters
determine the quality of
-
coaxial
mixed (coaxial/optical)
1.2.2
1.2.3
New features
SPAC 2.7 adds several new features to the release SPAC 2.6:
1.2.4
1.2.4.1
Optical Transmitters
The SPAC knows the amount of CSO/CTB to be created in optical
transmitters for an optimum channel modulation index when the
channel allocation is defined. The SPAC normally accomplishes
this automatically. The SPAC sets the channel modulation index to
a value where the clipping influence on the CATV signals can be
neglected (about 44% related to modulated carriers and 26% to
unmodulated carriers). The total modulation index is determined
by SPAC multiplying the channel modulation index by the square
root of the effective channel load. Afterwards, SPAC calculates the
C/N of the transmitter (it is mainly a function of the channel
modulation index and the transmitter RIN). The SPAC handles
transmitter clipping effects.
1.2.4.2
Optical Amplifiers
Optical amplifiers have a negligible CSO/CTB contribution. In spite
of this, SPAC adds the CSO/CTB of optical amplifiers to the
CSO/CTB of the transmission chain. The noise figure of the optical
amplifier is a function of the input level. This interdependency is
stored in the libraries for the different optical amplifiers. The C/N
contribution can be calculated when the input light level is stated.
1.2.4.3
Fiber
Fiber effects arising in long optical feeders, such as fiber intensity
noise resulting from to Rayleigh BackScattering (RBS) or PM/AM
conversion caused by fiber chromatic dispersion, SBS (Stimulated
Brillouin Scattering), and SPM (SelfPhase Modulation) are partly
considered. The dynamic of RBS and PM/AM induced fiber
intensity noise is taken into account by the SPAC, the SBS
threshold is integrated as a limit value, according to the optical
transmitter and fiber length. The effects caused by SPM are also
included. However, due to the very complex nature of SPM and
CSO compensation effects, a high degree of accuracy is not
always achieved. In practice, the CSO rises very quickly if a
certain fiber length is exceeded. In this case, a difference of only a
few kilometers influences the CSO considerably and sometimes
render the accuracy of the calculation relatively low.
1.2.4.4
Optical Receivers
The CSO/CTB is calculated as a function of the optical input light
and electrical output power. C/N is determined by the light and
RMS noise received (stored in the library). The SPAC can handle
preemphased receiver outputs, too.
1.2.4.5
Coaxial Amplifiers
The SPAC requires the input levels and channel allocations for the
coaxial amplifiers. The C/N can be estimated from the noise
figures already stored and the CSO/CTB is calculated from the
channel allocation and output level. The frequency dependency of
the CSO/CTB of hybrid amplifiers is similar to SPAC. Flat and pre
emphased output levels can be created and are taken into account
when calculating CSO/CTB. The frequency reference point is 862
MHz.
1.2.4.6
General prerequisites
-
1.2.5
1.2.5.1
1.2.5.2
10
1.2.6
BER Calculation
Today, many of the services offered by an HFC platform are
digital. The type of service considered for calculation must be
selected for each simulation. If a digital modulated carrier is
selected, SPAC calculates the BER from the CNR and also a
correction factor, which accounts for some CSO and CTB.
However, the CSO and CTB contribution to the BER has not been
widely verified to date. The contributions of QAM AM-TV and
QAMQAM intermodulation to C/N is not considered.
1.2.7
11
1.2.8
Libraries
The system parameters CSO/CTB and C/N can be defined to
either unmodulated carriers or modulated carriers. In the case of
unmodulated carriers, the carrier amplitude is about 4 ... 5 dB
less than that of the peak amplitude of the modulated carriers. The
intermodulation and noise floor are always measured as average
values. Therefore, when using modulated carriers, the C/N,
CSO/CTB ratios are about 4.5 dB lower than those when using the
modulated case. By applying this rule of thumb, it would not be
necessary to use two libraries. However, the Load Controlled
Amplifier (LCA) changes the system parameters as a result of the
4.5 dB level shift, which is different to a constant gain amplifier.
Also, pilot controlled receivers behave differently at the system
output in comparison to nonpilot controlled receivers. Therefore,
the system parameter calculations between modulated and
unmodulated carriers are more complex and, thus, two individual
libraries are necessary.
1.2.9
1.2.10
12
13
14
1.2.11
NOTICE
1.2.12
15
1.2.13
-4 dBm
-4 dBm
-2 dBm
16
1.2.14
1.2.15
1.3
Requirements
SPAC runs under MSWindows 3.1 or higher. In order to use the
SPQA tool for subjective assessment of picture quality, a VGA
adapter with a color resolution of at least 16,777,216 colors is
necessary (true color resolution 24 or 32 bit) .
The user must be familiar with the basic features of Microsoft
Windows.
17
Installation
2.1
SPAC
This version is equipped with a setup routine. To run the SPAC,
install the program as described below:
1. Run MSWindows 3.1 or higher.
2. Installation of SPAC by CD:
Insert the original SPAC CD. Display the directory \ of
the CD drive with your file manager. Run Setup.EXE
by double clicking the file name in the file manager.
Follow the installation procedure. The default installation
directory is C:\ProgramFiles\BKtel\spac but can be
changed during the installation process.
3. Start SPAC by double clicking on the icon created on
the desktop or by double clicking on SPAC.EXE in the
File Manager/Explorer.
18
2.2
Dongle
BKtel ships SPAC with two different types of dongles: for parallel
interface or for USB.
2.2.1
Installation of Dongle
Please start the appropriate file to install the dongle driver.
It is located on the SPAC CD in the directory \dongle.
The dongle driver is the same for parallel and for USB dongle.
Drivers:
hldrv16.exe Driver for Windows 3.1
NOTICE
19
Figure 1
NOTICE
2.2.2
Connect the dongle to the parallel port or the USB port of the
PC.
20
Operation
3.1
Getting Started
Start SPAC by double clicking on SPAC.EXE in the File
Manager, or on the icon in the Program Manager.
The following message appears:
Figure 2
About SPAC
21
Figure 3
Channel List
Downstream/
Upstream
Note
BK2000
Downstream
BK256QAM
Downstream
40 256QAM channels
CENELEC
Downstream
EUROPE
Downstream
NTSC77
Downstream
22
Channel List
Downstream/
Upstream
Note
NTSC110
Downstream
NTSC129
Downstream
U04X16QM
Upstream
U04XQPSK
Upstream
U08X16QM
Upstream
U08XQPSK
Upstream
U16X16QM
Upstream
U16XQPSK
Upstream
U20X16Q2
Upstream
U20X64Q2
Upstream
U32X16QM
Upstream
U40X16Q2
Upstream
23
Channel List
Downstream/
Upstream
U40X64Q2
Upstream
Note
Table 1
NOTICE
24
Figure 4
The SPAC window has a menu bar and tool bar at the top and a
status bar at the bottom.
To create or load several schematics into the main window, open
the File menu via the menu bar and select New or Open.
25
3.2
New Schematic
To create a new schematic, open the File menu in the menu bar
and select New. The following window appears:
Figure 5
NOTICE
26
3.3
Existing Schematic
To load an existing schematic in the library, open the File menu
in the menu bar and select Open.
Figure 7
27
4.1
Overview
A calculation is always carried out for a specific service which can
be selected via the Channels Menu. A calculation is
automatically performed by the SPAC after changing module data,
changing the active library or selecting the command Calculate!.
CSO, CTB and MER calculation is only possible when the IM
simulator is activated.
Readonly libraries or individual modules can be created in user
libraries to carry out calculations.
When a new schematic is opened, SPAC automatically loads the
default source module. The default source module determines the
actual library. Change the default source by saving a source
module to the SPAC directory. Also refer to Edit Source.
To carry out a subjective picture quality assessment, run the
SPQA tool by selecting SPQA! from the main menu.
The Options menu enables switching to Expert mode and
executing other functions.
For more information, refer to:
-
Modifying Modules
28
4.2
Tool Bar
The tool bar at the top of the SPAC window provides some
commands from the File, Add and Edit menus:
File: New.
File: Open.
CNRBw:
4.00 MHz
Cut Module.
29
Add: OptInsert
Add: Combiner
Add: RCNoise
Table 2
Tool Bar
30
4.3
Menu Bar
4.3.1
File
The system to be simulated is entered as a schematic. Several
schematics can be displayed at a time. The File menu includes the
following commands with which to manipulate the schematics:
New
Open...
Title...
Library...
Print Overview
Print Details
Print Setup...
Close
Exit
filename.SCM
Loads
the
schematic
last
used
from
filename represents the file name of the schematic.
disk.
31
4.3.2
Channels
Service
Select this item so that the channel list last used is called in at
startup.
32
4.3.3
Edit
The Edit menu contains commands that enable modules to be
deleted and to change and view module parameters.
Cut module
NOTICE
Edit module
33
NOTICE
Show contributation Displays the contribution data of the selected module. The
contribution data can be shown with the menu command, pressing
data
the <Space> key or by clicking on the module with the right mouse
button.
34
4.3.4
Add
The Add menu can be used to add modules from a library to the
schematic. Figure 8 illustrates a module from the library.
Figure 8
OTX ...
OAA ...
ORX ...
AMP ...
LCA ...
OptLoss
OptInser
CoaxLoss ...
Combiner
35
RCNoice
MODULE
ModuleList
Create module
4.3.5
Calculate!
Calculates the active schematic.
4.3.6
Window
This menu is for titling, cascading, arranging, closing and selecting
the schematic windows.
Title
Cascade
Arrange Icons
Places the schematic icons at the bottom left of the main SPAC
window.
Close All
<schematic>
36
4.3.7
Info
4.3.8
Options
Fonts
This option can be used to select the title and module font for the
schematics. The font is also used in the print out.
Schematic
Expert Mode
Bar Sizes
This option can be used to vary the size of the tool bar and status
bar.
Picture
This option can be used to load any bitmap file from the disk to the
background of the SPAC window.
4.3.9
IM Simulator
This menu item can be used to enable and disable the IM
simulator (Intermodulation simulator).
37
4.3.10
SPQA!
Select this menu to run the SPQA tool. A subjective picture quality
assessment appears (see Figure ).
Figure 9
SPQA Picture
38
4.4
Status Bar
The status bar at the bottom of the SPAC window displays the
selected service, current channel allocation, presence of
modulated AM carriers, a short help text and, if used, the version
of the selected readonly library (see Figure ).
Figure 10
Statusbar
39
5.1
Source
Figure 11
40
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the SOURCE
module from or to the disk respectively. Use OK to terminate
editing. Use the Cancel button to terminate editing without
affecting any changes to the module. The default values for the
source are changed if the module is saved in the SPAC directory.
The SOURCE module is specified with the following parameters.
None of the parameters are servicerelated, meaning they are
related to the nonlowered carrier level.
source name
contributions
output level
equivalent channels
rules
CNR bandwidth
Service bandwidth
41
Simulation behavior
5.2
This module defines the CSO CTB and CNR of the CATV signal at
the beginning of the transmission system. It also defines the
channel number when no IM simulator is active.
Amplifier
Figure 12
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the coaxial
amplifier module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to
terminate editing. Use the Cancel button to terminate editing
without affecting any changes to the module. The AMP module is
SPAC Operating Instructions - Edition 8 May 2004
42
noise figure
preemphasis
contributions
saturation effects
Simulation behavior
43
5.3
Figure 13
44
LCA name
output
noise figure
gain
contributions
Simulation behavior
45
5.4
Figure 14
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the OTX
module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK button to terminate
editing. Use the Cancel button to terminate editing without
affecting any changes. The OTX module is specified with the
parameters listed below, which can only be changed in Expert
mode when no library is active. None of the parameters are
servicerelated, meaning they are related to the nonlowered
carrier level.
otx name
46
mod. index
needs LCA
total modulation
output
laser
Indicates the Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) of the laser. The chirp
parameter describes the chirp characteristic of the optical
transmitter.
input attenuator
clipping
Indicates the clipping value kclip. SPAC uses a clipping value for
a better precised calculation of the MER degradation.
contributions
47
Simulation behavior
5.5
Optical Amplifier
Figure 15
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the OAA
module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to terminate editing.
Use the Cancel button to terminate editing without affecting any
changes. The OAA module is defined by the parameters listed
below, which can only be changed in Expert mode when no library
is active. None of the parameters are servicerelated, meaning
they are related to the nonlowered carrier level.
48
oaa name
output level
Indicates the optical output level. This is adjustable for some OAA
types.
input level
noise figure
optical window
contributions
Simulation behavior
49
5.6
Optical loss
Figure 16
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the OptLoss
module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to terminates
editing. Use the Cancel button to terminate editing without
affecting any changes. The OptLoss module is defined by the
following parameters:
50
optloss name
optloss type
Selcts the type of the optloss module. Possible types are tap, Xsplitter (OSCM) or a regular splitter (OSC/ODF). The last one may
be combined with a connected fiber of configurable length. For a
pure fiber without any splitter choose the splitter value 1:1.
fiber
splitter
Select a splitter: 1:1 for none, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32. These
splitters have predefined attenuations. To use other values, define
them with add.loss.
connector
add.loss
order
tap attenuation
tap output
Selects the used output of the tap: tap output or insertion output.
This influences the tap attenuation of the optical line.
The SPM" button opens the dialog box Parameters for SPM
simulation.
Simulation behavior
This module reduces the optical power level by its insertion loss.
Long fiber effects are calculated from the input signal, fiber
characteristics, some OTX parameters, frequency range and
previous fiber lengths.
51
5.7
Coaxial Loss
Figure 17
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the CoaxLoss
module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to terminate editing.
Use the Cancel button to terminate editing without affecting any
changes. The module is defined by its attenuation in dB.
coaxial name
splitter
Select a coax splitter: 1:1 for none, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8. These splitters
have predefined attenuations. To use other values, define them
with additional loss.
additional loss
52
Simulation behavior
5.8
Figure 18
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the ORX
module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to terminate editing.
Use the Cancel button to terminate editing without affecting any
changes. The ORX module is defined by the parameters listed
below, which can only be changed in Expert mode when no library
is active. When editing a library model, only the output level can
SPAC Operating Instructions - Edition 8 May 2004
53
amp section
output level
pilot/cw controlled
preemphasis
Indicates the pre-emphasis for the frequency span from 47 .... 862
MHz in dB.
CSO
CTB
ref.
Indicates the reference output level for the CSO and CTB
contributions.
limit
CSO
CTB
54
at
Indicates the reference channel modulation index for the CSO and
CTB contributions.
Indicates the maximum input level and reference input power for
the CSO and CTB contributions.
eff.res./at
Simulation behavior
55
5.9
Module
Figure 19
56
module name
contributions
output level
channel bandwidth
Simulation behavior
57
5.10
Optical Insertion
Figure 20
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the Optical
Insertion module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to
terminate editing. Use the Cancel button to terminate editing
without affecting any changes. None of the parameters are
servicerelated, meaning they are related to the nonlowered
carrier level.
58
optical name
The input insertion path is defined by its input level, input CNR and
insertion loss.
modulation index
insertion path
Simulation behavior
59
5.11
Coaxial Combiner
Figure 21
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save the Combiner
module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to terminate editing.
Use the Cancel to terminate editing without affecting any
changes. The module is defined by its concentration factor. The
corresponding insertion loss is displayed.
60
combiner name
This value indicates the insertion loss of the combiner itself. It may
be different from the modules attenuation in automatic attenuation
mode.
no input loss
multiply carrier
auto attenuation
Simulation behavior
61
5.12
Figure 22
Use the Load and Save buttons to load or save your Return
Channel Noise module from or to disk, respectively. Use OK to
terminate editing. Use the Cancel button to terminate editing
without affecting any changes.
62
RCNoise name
homes passed
radio background
noise per home
ingress noise
impulse noise
amplitude threshold
Simulation behavior
63
5.13
Module list
Module lists handle two combined modules like a single module.
There are three predefined modul lists offered:
Figure 23
64
Figure 24
65
Procedures
6.1
6.2
Modifying Modules
Library models can only be modified in Expert mode. The library
must then be disabled by selecting [.] from the library list box in the
tool bar. The module data can then be changed using the Edit
module in the Edit menu.
Expert mode can also be used to create userdefined modules
(refer to Section 4.3.4 ). If a library is selected and SPAC
calculates the schematic, SPAC always tries to use a library model
instead of a user created module. To prevent SPAC from replacing
userdefined models with library models, disable the library by
selecting the sign [.] in the library list box in the tool bar. Replacing
with a library model occurs when the same library names are
used. The library name is the file name given to the library model
when it was saved to disk.
66
6.3
6.4
67
Figure 25
68
Figure 26
69
6.5
70
cf
lr
ds
rs
71
NOTICE
72
IM Simulator
7.1
Figure 27
IM Simulator Icon
TOT
Indicates the sum of the CSO and CTB at the marker position.
73
CSO count/CTB
count
Figure 28
IM Simulator Window
74
7.2
IM Calculating Options
The Calculating Options dialog box can be used to change the
band limits and upper calculation limit. Select the Calculate...
menu in the IM Simulator window. The following window opens.
Figure 29
NOTICE
The simulator determines the band limits from the first and last
channel defined in the channel list file (not the channel table)
related to the selected service.
The band limits are used to find the maximum CSO and CTB
values which are written back to the SPAC schematic.
The upper calculation limit is the frequency value up to which the
calculation is performed. The value can be reduced to minimize
simulation time. This value cannot be set to a value lower than the
upper band limit.
If enable monitoring is selected, a frequency can be entered at
which the generation of beats is monitored in the console (the
75
7.3
Calculation Test
To start the calculation test and edit parameters for IM Simulation,
select the Test... menu in the IM Simulation window.
Figure 30
Calculation Test
76
7.4
IM Print Options
Figure 31
IM Print Options
The Print Options dialog can be used to print out either the
channel table or the IM spectrum. It is also possible to enter a
comment as a header for the spectrum printout and the page
number.
77
8.1
x Scaling
This menu item is used to change the scaling factor of the
frequency axis. Scaling can also be modified by using the <+> and
<-> keys in the numeric block of the keyboard.
8.2
y Scaling
This menu item is used to change the scaling factor of the yaxis.
8.3
Display
Carriers
Total
CSO
CTB
SPM
CSO peak
CTB peak
78
8.4
Calculate
This command opens the Calculating Options dialog box.
8.5
Test
This command opens the Calculation Test dialog box.
8.6
Print
This command opens the Print Options dialog box.
Figure 32
79
9.1
Clear
Clears the monitoring point from the buffer.
9.2
Buffer
Select between two options:
No limits
Limited
9.3
Position
Select the position of the console (always on top or not).
80
10
Appendix
10.1
1. Set the desired channel list and the correct service which shall
be calculated.
2. Select the modules in the order in which the system is to be
planned.
3. Edit the modules and enter the values of each module in the
corresponding dialog box (see Chapter 5). Changements in
optloss and coaxloss modules force a calculation start
immediately. Dont worry if the calculation aborts because of
missing channel definition, this is done within the next steps.
81
Figure 33
Sample CATV Distribution System Without Calculated CSO and CTB Values
82
Figure 34
7. Enable or disable the channels and sound carriers and click OK.
The calculation options are performed.
83
Figure 35
84
Figure 36
85
10.2
Channel Table
IM Simulator
[filename]
Load data
Load data
Load library
LCA (# nn)
86
OAA (# nn)
OptLoss (# nn)
ORX (# nn)
ORX (# nn)
OTX (# nn)
OTX (# nn)
Actual library supports channels between ... and ... MHz, the
calculation is aborted
This happens when the band limits of a read-only library are
exceeded. In this case, disable the highest and/or lowest channels
in the channel table or change the frequencies in the channel list
file.
Subjective Picture
Quality Assessment
Subjective Picture
Quality Assessment
87
Subjective Picture
Quality Assessment
Unsupported Color
Resolution
Warning !
... (# nn)
... (# nn)
NO LIBRARY MODEL
This message appears after selecting a library and the schematic
contains a module that the SPAC cannot replace by a library
model.
... (# nn)
... (# nn)
88
... (# nn)
NO CHANNELS DEFINED !
Calculation is aborted
At least one channel must be defined, otherwise the calculation is
aborted.
... (# nn)
......
89
10.3
List of Abbreviations
A
AMP
Amplifier, coaxial
AM
Amplitude Modulation
BER
CATV
CENELEC
CNR , C/N
CRX
Compact BONT
CSO
CTB
CW
Continous Wave
ENC
EPA
Equalizer Preamplifier
EPA800
FM
Frequency Modulation
FSK
HFC
IM
Intermodulation
LCA
LHS
MER
MS-DOS
OAA
OAH
90
OAAS
OTXD
OTXE
PC
Personal Computer
PM
Phase Modulation
PSK
QAM
RCN
RF
Radio Frequency
RIN
RBS
Rayleigh Back-Scattering
SBS
SPAC
SPQA
SQR
Square Root
TV
Television
VGA
VSB
91