I.

Types of Resistors
A.) Based on Conductive properties of Resistor:
1. Linear Resistor:
A linear resistor is the type of resistor whose resistance remains constant with
increase in the potential difference or voltage applied to it. The V-I characteristics of such
resistor is a straight line as shown on the figure below or in other words these types of
resistors follows Ohms Law very strictly.
2. Non Linear Resistor:
Non-Linear Resistor is those types of resistors in which the Current
passed through it is not exactly directly proportional to the Potential Difference applied to
it. These types of resistors have non-liner V-I characteristics and does not strictly follows
ohms Law.
B.) Based on Resistors Value:
1. Fixed Value Resistor
Fixed value resistors are those types of resistors whose value is fixed already
while manufacturing and cannot be changed during its usage.
2. Variable Resistor or Potentiometer:
Variable Resistors or Potentiometers are those types of resistors whose Value
can be changed during its usage. These types of resistor usually contains a shaft which
can be rotated or moved by hand or a screw driver to change its value in between a fixed
range for eg. 0 Kilo Ohms to 20 Kilo Ohms.
3. Package Resistor:
These types of resistor is a resistor which contains a package which contains two
or more resistors inside it. It have many terminals and the resistors resistance can be
chosen by using any two terminals among the available terminals or can also be used as
an resistor array for various purposes.
C.) Based On Composition:

1. Carbon Composition:
These types of resistors are made by a composition of Carbon Particles which
are hold together by a binding resign. The proportion of carbon particles and resign used
determines the value of the resistor. At both ends of the composition a Metal Cap with a
small rod of tin is attached to solder it or use it in circuits , then the whole package is
enclosed in a plastic case to prevent moisture and reaction with air. These types of
resistors normally produces noise in circuit due to electron passing through one carbon
particle to another , thus these types or resistors are not used in critical circuits although
they are cheap.

2. Carbon Deposition:
The resistor which is made by depositing a thin layer of carbon around a ceramic
rod is called Carbon Deposition resistor. They are made by heating a ceramic rod inside
a flask of methane and depositing the carbon around it by using Glass Cracking process.
The value of resistor is determined by the amount of carbon deposited around the
ceramic rod.
3. High Voltage Ink Film:
These types of resistors are made by coating a special resistive ink in a helical
band above a ceramic base. These resistors can withstand very high voltage of up to one
thousands of kilo voltages and usually have high resistance too ranging from on kilo
ohms to one hundred thousand mega ohms.
4. Metal Film:
Metal film resistors are made by depositing vaporized metal in vacuum on a
ceramic core rod. these types of resistors are very reliable , have high tolerance and also
have high temperature coefficient. These types of resistors are costlier compared to other
but are used in critical systems.
5. Metal Glaze:
Metal Glaze resistors are made up of glass and metal which is mixed and applied
as a thick films to a ceramic substrate and then fired to form a film.
6. Wire Wound:
Wire wound resistor are made by winding a metal wire around a ceramic core.
The metal wire is an alloy of various metals based on the characteristics and resistance
of the resistor required. These types of resistor have high stability and can
also withstand high powers but are usually bulkier compared to other types of resistors.
7. Ceramic Metal:
These types of resistor are made by firing certain metals blended with ceramics
on a ceramic substrate. The proportion of the mixture in the blended ceramic and metal
determines the value of the resistor. These type of resistors are very stable and also
have accurate resistance. These types of resistors are mostly used as Surface Mount
type resistor for using in SMD PCB.
II. Types of Conductors
A.) Types of capacitors based on Construction:
1. Spherical Capacitors:
Spherical capacitors are those kinds of capacitors which are build up of
concentric Spherical Plates with dielectric in between them.
2. Parallel Plate Capacitors:
Parallel plate capacitors are those types of capacitors which are built using
parallel plates seperated by a distance with dielecetric in between.

3. Cylindrical Capacitors:
Cylindrical capacitors are build up of cylindrical plates with dielectric in between
the two cylindrical plates.

B.) Types of Capacitors based on General Classification:

1. Fixed Capacitors
The capacitors whose value is fixed during the manufacturing process and
cannot be latter altered is called fixed capacitor. Fixed capacitors are also further
classified into two kinds, Electrolytic and Non-Electrolytic capacitors:
a. Non-Electrolytic Capacitor:
Non-Electrolytic capacitors are those capacitors which does not use a electrolyte
in its construction. Non-electrolytic capacitors can also be classified into following types:
i. Paper Capacitor:
A paper capacitor is constructed of two thin tinfoil sheets which are
separated by thin waxed & oiled paper or plastic, the sandwich of thin foils and
paper or plastic is then rolled into a cylindrical shape which is then enclosed in
plastic capsule. The two tin foils of the capacitors are attached to two external
leads. These capacitors were called paper capacitors because initially paper was
used in between the two foils of the capacitor, but these days other materials like
plastic are also used.
The capacitance of paper capacitor can range in between 0.001 to 2.000
Micro farad and the voltage rating can be as high as 2000 Voltage.
ii. Mica Capacitor:
To construct a mica capacitor several thin plate of metal are sandwiched
separated by thin sheets of mica, the alternate plate are then connected to form
two terminals which are connected to two leads and the whole assembly is
enclosed in plastic of bakelite capsule. Mica capacitors have small capacitance in
the range of 50-500 picofarads , but have relatively high working voltage of up to
500 voltage.
iii. Ceramic Capacitor:
To construct a Ceramic capacitor a hollow tubular or plate like ceramic
material such as titanium dioxide and barium titanate is taken , which is then
coated by a deposit of silver compound on both inner and outer surface of the
ceramic, the two silver coating acts as two plates and the ceramic material acts
as dielectric. The two surfaces are then connected to leads and the whole
assembly is then encapsulated in a moisture proof coating. Because of very high
dielectric constant of ceramics ; Ceramic capacitors have very high capacitance
of up to 0.01 micro farad as compared to their size.

b. Electrolytic Capacitor:
Electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor which use an electrolyte as negative plate.
Electrolyte capacitors have positive and negative plate and consists of following
materials:
a. A positive plate made up of aluminium
b. An extremely thin insulating film of aluminium oxide as dielectric which is
electrochemically deposited deposited in the surface of positive aluminium plate itself.
c. An electrolyte of borax or carbon salt which is absorbed by a absorbent gauze which
is placed in contact with the dielectric and connected to an external aluminium lead acting
as negative lead.
2. Variable Capacitors
A variable capacitor is the capacitor whose capacitance can be varied as
required usually by rotating a shaft attached to the capacitor. A normal variable capacitor
consists of a Multi Plate parallel plate capacitor where one set of plates is stationary
which is called stator while the other sets of plates is rotatable and is connected to a
shaft, and by rotating the shaft the two sets of plates can be configured to come over
each other in a required amount which determines the capacitance of the capacitor, when
the sets of plates are fully over each other the capacitance is highest . When two or more
capacitors are connected to a common shaft the configuration is known as a ganged
capacitor; ganged capacitors is normally used with short wave radio equipments.
Variable capacitors can also be made with with two small flexible metal plates separated
by air, mica or ceramic slab as dielectric. the spacing between the plates can be changed
by a means of screw , this kind of variable capacitors are usually small in size and
are called trimmer. They are normally used in circuits for small adjustments orr fine
tuning.
III. Types of Inductors
1. Coupled Inductors
Coupled inductors are types of inductors that share a magnetic path and
influence each other. Coupled inductors are often used as transformers to step up or step
down voltage, provide isolated feedback, and in applications where mutual inductance is
required.
2. Multi-layer Inductors
Multi-layer inductors get their name from the layers of coiled wire that is wound
around a central core. Adding additional layers of coiled wire to an inductor increases the
inductance but also increases the capacitance between the wires. These inductors trade
off higher inductance for a lower maximum operating frequency.

3. Molded Inductors
Inductors that are molded in to a plastic or ceramic housing are known as molded
inductors. Generally these inductors have a cylindrical or bar form factor and can be
found with several types of winding options.

3. Power Inductors
Power inductors are available in a wide variety of form factors and power levels
from surface mounts inductors that can handle a few amps to through-hole and chassis
mount power inductors that can handle tens to hundreds of amps. With the amount of
current that power inductors are often subjected to, large magnetic fields are created. To
prevent these magnetic fields from inducing noise in other parts of the circuit, it is
recommended that magnetically shielded inductors be used if possible.

4. RF Inductors
High frequency types of inductors, also called radio frequency of RF inductors,
are designed to operate at high frequencies. These inductors often have a higher
resistance and lower current rating. Most RF inductors have an air core rather than use a
ferrite or other inductance boosting core material due to the increase in losses when
those core materials are used which would reduce the operating frequency of the
inductor.
Due to the operating frequency of the inductor, several sources of loss become
important including the skin effect, proximity effect, and parasitic capacitance. The skin
and proximity effects effectively increase the resistance of an inductor. Several
techniques are used to help reduce these losses including honeycomb coils and spider
web coils to reduce parasitic capacitance and litz wire is often used to reduce the skin
effect.

5. Chokes
A choke is an inductor that is designed to block high frequency pulses while
letting lower frequency pulse through. Their names comes from the choking off or
blocking of high frequency signals. There are two classes of chokes, power chokes and
RF chokes. Power and audio frequency chokes typically have a iron core to increase
their inductance and make them more effective filters. RF chokes use iron powder or
ferrite beads combined with complex winding patterns to reduce parasitic capacitance
and operate effectively at high frequencies. Higher frequency chokes will use nonmagnetic or air cores.
6. Surface Mount Inductors
The push for smaller and more mobile devices has led to the explosion in options
for surface mount types of inductors. Surface mount inductors are often used in DC-DC
converters, EMI filtering, energy storage, and other applications. Their small size and
footprint make surface mount inductors an essential element in the mobile and portable
electronic designer's component toolbox. Surface mount inductors are available with and
without magnetic shielding, with current capabilities in excess of 10 amps, and with very
low losses. Often surface mount inductors will use an iron or ferrite core or special
winding techniques to optimize the performance of the inductor and maintain a small
footprint and form factor.
SOURCES:
https://electronicspani.com/types-of-resistors/
https://electronicspani.com/types-of-capacitors/
http://components.about.com/od/Components/a/Inductors-Types-Of-Inductors

DE LA SALLE LIPA
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

TYPES OF RESISTORS, CAPASITORS AND INDUCTORS

PAMPLONA, KERWIN ANDREI

VENTURANZA, HANNA MARINELI

D4A

ENGR. REENA VILLAMIN, ECE

NOVEMBER 27, 2014