2014

RESEARCH REPORT
Impact of Terrorism on the Education of Sind
University

Submitted by: MBA Final (Morning) Students

Submitted to:

Sir Vishnu Parmer

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction_____________________________________________________________3
1.1 Background of study3
1.2 Research Objective ..6
1.3 Research Questions..6
1.4 Limitations...6
2. Review of the Literature____________________________________________________7
3. Description of topic_______________________________________________________9
4. Research Methodology____________________________________________________11
4.1 Type of Study..11
4.2 Method of Sampling Selection11
4.3 Sampling Size...........11
4.4 Methods of Data collection..11
5. Data Analysis____________________________________________________________12
5.2 Table...13
Figure 5.1.14
Figure 5.2.15
Figure 5.3.............................................16
Figure 5.4.17
Figure 5.5.18
Figure 5.6.19
Figure 5.7.20
Figure 5.8.21
Figure 5.9.22
Figure 5.10...23
Figure 5.11...24
Figure 5.12...25
Figure 5.13...26
Figure 5.14...27
Figure 5.15...28
Figure 5.16...29
Figure 5.18...30
Figure 5.19...31
Figure 5.20...34
6. Conclusion & Recommendations____________________________________________35
6.1 Recommendations37
7. Further Areas of Study_____________________________________________________38
8. References______________________________________________________________39
9. Appendix________________________________________________________________40

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
At present the gravest problem that Pakistan is facing is terrorism. It has become a headache for
federation and a nightmare for public. Though, it is a global issue but Pakistan has to bear the brunt
of it. Pakistans involvement in the War on Terror has further fuelled the fire. We are facing war like
situation against the terrorists. This daunting situation is caused due to several factors. These factors
include social injustice, economic disparity, political instability, religious intolerance and also
external hands or international conspiracies. A handful of people who have their vicious interests to
fulfill have not only taken countless innocent lives but also distorted the real image of Islam before
the world through their heinous acts. Terrorist acts like suicide bombings have become a norm of the
day. On account of these attacks Pakistan is suffering from ineffaceable loss ranging from civilian to
economic. People have become numerical figures, blown up in numbers every now and then.
Terrorists have not spared any place. Bazars, mosques, educational institutes, offices, hotels, no
place is safe anymore.
Though terrorism has no accepted definition, yet it can be defined as the use of violence and
intimidation in the pursuit of political aim or the calculated use of violence or threat of violence
against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature, this is
done through intimidation or coercion or inciting fear.
According to FBIs definition, Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in
furtherance

of

political

or

social

objective.

In Islam, an amazingly powerful emphasis is laid on developing love for mankind and on the vital
importance of showing mercy and sympathy towards every creature of Allah Almighty, including
human beings and animals. For indeed, love and true sympathy is the very antidote of terrorism.
Illiteracy is the root causes of extremism and terrorism. More than one in five men aged 15 to 24
unable to read or write, and only one in 20 is in tertiary education. Such a high illiteracy rate has
made Pakistan vulnerable to terrorism. Furthermore, technical and vocational education, and adult
literacy, are especially important but unfortunately have been neglected the most in Baluchistan,
Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and the Tribal Areas. Illiteracy and lack of skills provide fertile ground for

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

those who wish to recruit young men and women to their cause, especially when significant
monetary payments are attached.
Regarding poverty, it is also an incubating cause of terrorism. And it is said that a hungry man is an
angry man. Notably, majority of people in Pakistan are living below poverty line. While especially
for the youngsters, unemployment has made the matter worse. In these adverse circumstances, some
people go to the level of extremism and even commit suicide. These are the people whose services
are hired by the terrorist groups and they become easy prey to terrorism.
Food insecurity is also linked with militancy and violence. When people remain unable to afford
food and cannot meet their basic needs civil strife grows. A report by the Islamabad-based
Sustainable Development Policy Institute The highest levels of food insecurity, for instance, exist in
the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, according to the report, where 67.7 per cent of the people
are insecure. The next highest level is in Baluchistan, with food insecurity at 61.2 per cent, and then
in Khyber-Pukhtunkhwa, 56.2 per cent. In Pakistan some extremist forces are exploiting the feelings
of lower and lower middle class food insecure people. They are motivating their unemployed youth
to commit heinous crimes such as suicide attacks against innocent people.
Another reason of terrorism is dissatisfaction. When a person is dissatisfied with the rulers and thinks
that his rights are being humiliated or exiled, his living of life has not been compensated, he is
deprived of rightful inheritance to office, wrongly imprisoned and property confiscated then he joins
some religious parties. It does not matter which organization it would be. None of the organisations
has any importance for him. Adopting an organization would only save him from the critical
situation he is in and leaves him to play in the hands of his so-called leaders who destroy his public
sense of security.
Todays Pakistan is facing democratic turmoil. A path chartered by the military regime of Ayub
Khan, Yahya Khan then of Zia-ul-Haq was altered by yet another military regime that of Musharraf.
All these regimes produced political instability, poor governance, institutional paralysis, by passing
the rule of law, socio-economic downfall and so on. These fragile conditions along with deteriorating
law and order situation have provided a fertile ground for terrorism to grow.
Similarly the terror has brought in its wake psychological problems. Fear in the hearts of the people
is created. Trauma, depressions and confusion have been increased. The people feel insecure and
unsafe whenever in their daily life activities, as time and again they watch the terror events taking

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

place in different cities. Those have especially been suffered who have closely witnessed the suicidal
bombings.
Social impacts have also been caused by this war. In a society where terror exists cannot be healthy.
Social disorganization has occurred due to terrorism. Social relations, economic transactions, free
moments, getting education, offering prayers etc. have suffered. Pakistans participation in the antiterrorism campaign has led to massive unemployment, homelessness, poverty and other social
problems and ills. In addition, frequent incidents of terrorism and displacement of the local
\population have severely affected the social fabric.
Impact of Terrorism on education in Pakistan is being faced by in present era; terrorism has so many
impacts on so many industries and factors of Pakistan which has affected the economy negatively as
well as the goodwill and the image of the country in the international world. Despite of all other
effects of the terrorism in Pakistan, education is the one sector which has faced the maximum loss.

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To Identify and record the causes of terrorism in educational institutes.
To investigate and analyze the hurdles fetched by terrorism in students education.
To study and find out psychological crises of terrorism/militancy in students.

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

What is the level of awareness on terrorism students posses?
What factor associated with increasing terrorism day by day?
Does terrorism impacts on students through different aspects?

1.4 LIMITATIONS
There is hardly any study found on terrorism in respective of Hyderabad city especially in
educational sector.
Lack of secondary information has become the main obstacle.
The major limitation has occurred that the respondents do not have adequate knowledge about
terrorism impacts.

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Terrorism in Pakistan has inculcated adverse effects on the educational sector and the worth of education in
Pakistan which has dismantled the need of education in the country. In past if we go through we can see there
is very rare people have done research in impacts on education by terrorism but that research even not taken
out properly. When we go through some articles we found some factors and attempts of terrorists on
educational sector.
There are so many ways through which terrorism effects the education of the state. The level of education has
been destroyed in Pakistan due to continuous terrorist attacks on the educational institution and the students in
Pakistan and when we talk about the tribal areas of the country the condition is even worse where the students
are being brutally killed while they are on their way to school or even the schools are being targeted by
bombs. The major impact of this activity is that the parents have stopped their children to attend the schools
and kept them in their houses which have reduced the level of education and in the country where the literacy
rate is already very low is continuously being demoted.
Through terrorist activities the terrorist have destroyed the educational institutions in most of the tribal areas
and hence there are no places left where the students could be educated, this is one adverse impact of the
terrorism activities on education as the destruction of schools have reduced the opportunity of distribution and
inculcation of the education in the state, and so the literacy rate is continuously declining which is not
beneficial for the countrys progress and development.
Due to such frequent and excessive terrorist activities specifically on the educational institutions and on the
education of Pakistan has brought another very threatening and destructive outcome, the international schools
and the educational institutions which are being constructed and established in Pakistan where there were
international teachers and international educational system was being implemented has also stopped working
now. Due to the danger and threat of terrorist activities in the country there institutions are forced to be closed
down, hence one big loss is being witnessed where the opportunity of acquiring the educational of
international level has gone in vein.
During the year 2009, terrorism overshadowed all the sectors especially education which was the worst hit by
militancy.
Hundreds of schools were blown up in Fata and the NWFP regions while most horrible incident was twin
suicide attacks on the International Islamic University, Islamabad, which claimed lives of six innocent people,
including three female students, in October.

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

The tragic incident spread a wave of panic and subsequently educational institutions, including schools,
colleges and universities, had to face closure across the country for over one week. It also led to a massive
exercise regarding implementation of maximum security arrangements at educational institutions and a
controversy also surfaced when private schools demanded the government ensure security for institutions in
private sector.
The deteriorating law and order situation also caused cancellation of various education-related events which,
otherwise, were happening on a regular basis.
Nonetheless, the situation also gave birth to some innovative ideas of teaching and learning. A number of
private schools introduced e-learning software in a bid to cover the academic loss of students in case the
schools had to be closed down unexpectedly over security issues.
A number of incidents related to prank calls by students were also reported, highlighting the psychological
impact of the prevailing situation.
Like mainstream education, the reforms in Deeni Madaris (religious seminaries) remained a challenge for the
government as it did not make concrete efforts to bring religious schools at par with mainstream educational
institutions.
Several academicians and educationists have been killed in KPK and FATA for publically expressing their
views which are contrary to the ideology preached by the militant groups. For instance in October 2010 two
TTP militants shot dead the pro-Vice Chancellor (VC) and noted religious scholar DrFarooq Khan along with
his assistant outside his clinic in Mardan district. Abdullah Azam Brigade linked to TTP claimed
responsibility for the attack. The spokesperson for the brigade disclosed in a call that Dr.Farooq was killed for
speaking against the Taliban at every forum and for declaring suicide bombing as un-Islamic. Similarly, as
mentioned earlier, DrAjmal the pro-Vice Chancellor (VC) of Islamia College University (ICU) and the cousin
of ANP Chief AsfandayarWali Khan was kidnapped by militants from Peshawar when he was leaving his
residence at Professors Colony for his office.
In Balochistan, schools have received threats from Islamist militant groups as well. For example, in May
2010, the TTP threatened to attack all private schools in Mastung district if they did not replace the existing
Western style uniform with the local dress of ShalwarKameez(loose fitting pants combined with a long shirt).
Female students were instructed to observe full Islamic Hijab. Some of the letters threatened if veil was not
observed in schools then teachers and administrative heads will have to face the consequences.
Such threats and targeted killings of teachers have prompted a brain-drain in the educational institutions. A
good number of academicians have either resigned from their duties to take up news jobs in government or
private universities in other parts of the country, opted for premature retirements or went on a long leave

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

3. DESCRIPTION OF TOPIC
The beginning of the 21st Century brought with itself new challenges in the form of terrorism and
militancy and the attack on World Trade Center opened a new chapter in the modern history. The
gloomy atmosphere of such havoc also brought various socio-cultural, economic, political and
religious impacts in Pakistan. Majority of the scholars consider the issue of 9/11 as an unconventional
and psychological warfare, however, it laid-down the foundation of defining and delimiting terrorism
linking it primarily to religious, political, personal and economic factors
A long-distance border of Pakistan with Afghanistan brings the overt and direct consequences of 9/11.
Besides, the attack of the USA accompanied by its allies against the terrorists (as they perceived) in
the form of Taliban; the insurgency entered into the bordering tribal belt in Pakistan and further
spread into the northern areas of the country with in no time. The agenda as propagated by these
insurgents was based on the so-called Islamization process as they had launched in Afghanistan
recently. Due to socio-cultural and religious similarities, the Movement was supported by a majority
of the common people in the form TNSM (Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e- Mohammadi) and the
Islamization was put-forward by Maulana Fazal-ullah, the leader of Taliban in district Swat.
Consequently, such activities brought damage to schools, colleges, other educational institutes
hospitals, banks, NGOs (working in the area) and to some extent discouraged the government
employees to continue their duties and services. Further, many of the citizens lost their lives while the
lives of living people became miserable. In this regard, these insurgents have made their own social
network in order to achieve their own specific goals based upon the agenda of the so-called Jihad and
Islamization.
Realizing the various socio-political and economic impacts of movement; the contemporary
Government took various initiatives to curb the problem, however, the steps taken by such authorities
faded into failure. The considerable adverse impacts are observable upon the social, economic,
political, familial and infrastructural aspects of the area. Similarly, there were attacks on markets, CD
centers, girls schools and people affiliated with governmental institutions were discrepantly dealt,
treated in inhumane manner in the name of Sharia. Further, the military operation worsened the
condition in the form of huge mass-displacement and migration.
In the light of the mentioned facts; the situation in the area may drawn-out as a formidable scenario
for sustainability and survival. Majority of the masses faced the vulnerability in the context of their
displacement that ultimately affected their social identity, integrity, enthusiasm and made them
pessimistic about life and future.

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

This development made so far in area retreated somehow to the dark ages. In this regard, the current
research study focuses on the adverse effects on education by terrorism and militancy and how the
students facing the psychological problems regarding this issue.

STUDY MATRIX
Social political
determinants of terrorism

Socio economic impacts of

terrorism

Peer Group
Socialization
Political
Intervention
Ethnic Group
Political
Instability
Nepotism
Democracy
Personal Interest
Foreign Elements

Poverty
Dehumanization
Political instability
Communication
problems
Infrastructure
crises
Educational crises
Market
disturbance

Terrorism

Psychological consequences

10

Stress and Strain

Tension
Depression
Anxiety
Anomy
Mental Disorder
Suicide
Worried about
career

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

4. RESEARCH METHODOLGY
Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or
property with the intention of intimidation or coercion of societies or governments. Terrorism in
Pakistan has occupied the center stage in debates and has become a big concern for governments at
national and international levels.
Against this background, recognizing and estimating the cost of terrorism is an extremely difficult
exercise. Moreover, the absence of primary data makes the task even more challenging. The present
study should thus be treated as an attempt at filling the knowledge gap in this area, encouraging more
sophisticated analyses for better frameworks, and conflict cost estimates. In this connection, this
research study is an effort to explore the core impacts of terrorism on educational sector and their
consequences.

4.1 TYPE OF STUDY

The study is quantitative in nature and its is kind of exploratory where primary (field study) and
secondary sources (literature review) are elegantly and relationally utilized to acquire the facts

4.2 METHOD OF SAMPLING

We have conducted this research from students of Sindh University, jamshoro the population age
range was from 18-27 that was purely age of study. In order to achieve the accurate and precise
results, the data has collected from educated respondents where the criterion for education was settled
from Graduate to M.phill.

4.3 SAMPLING SIZE

The sample size was 30 students of Sindh University.

4.4 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

This research involved 30 respondents by using the survey method. 20 Questions have used in the
questionnaire.
The data has collected by self by using simple random technique. The questionnaire has given to 30
students. After completion of it, we have collected the questionnaire from each of them.

11

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

5. DATA ANAYLSIS
In this research study 20 structured questions were asked as a schedule. The respondents whore in 30
in numbers were given the questionnaire and asked to fill it at the spot.
Table 5.1 that is attached to the appendix portion in the last of this report represents all respondents
who have chosen to answer a question. Total respondents were about 30 students of the University of
Sindh

TABLE 5.2

Questions

Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

14

30

7%

20%

47%

27%

100%

15

30

13%

7%

30%

50%

100%

12

18

30

40%

60%

100%

15

15

30

50%

50%

100%

14

30

27%

47%

27%

100%

15

30

23%

50%

27%

100%

23

30

23%

77%

100%

Q8.Due to the terrorism threats, educational institutes

14

13

30

have been turned into security states by that students are

10%

47%

43%

100%

Q9.Due to the current law and order situation many

10

16

30

students avoid to go and study there or parents do not

13%

33%

53%

100%

Q10.Do you believe that the media coverage that has

16

14

30

generally been given to terrorism has truly increased

53%

47%

100%

Q1.Are you Student of Age between?

Q2.What was your level of awareness on terrorism before

9/11?
Q3.Do you think terrorism has affected your life?

Q4.Do you believe your academic progress is affected by

Terrorism?
Q.5Do you think Terrorism is rightly associated with
Pakistan?
Q6.Will you prefer to go any city and study where the
impact of terrorism is moderate?
Q7.To goes abroad for higher studies the scrutiny &
application process much tougher for Muslim students; do

Option E

Total

you think they are doing right?

facing many barriers, do you think is this right step ?

allow them, in your opinion students shall take the risk for
a quality of education?

youths fear on terrorism?

12

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

Q11.GOD forbid! If your educational institute assaulted

20

30

by terrorists twice or having continuous threats, will you

30%

3%

67%

100%

13

18

11

30

43%

23%

60%

37%

13%

100%

Q13After 9/11 the war against Muslim terrorism their

19

30

studies have been aborted, do you think that countries are

13%

23%

63%

100%

20

30

67%

20%

13%

100%

Q15.Do you think if educational institutes are separated

19

30

from political influences there might be lower the chances

23%

63%

13%

100%

24

30

80%

20%

100%

17

13

30

57%

43%

100%

Q18. Government shall maintain such policies for

24

30

educational sectors so they should run smoothly without

80%

20%

100%

24

30

80%

20%

100%

20.As since last decade educational sectors badly affected

19

30

by terrorism through that students have came under

27%

63%

10%

100%

prefer to continue your studies there?

Q12.What you think what factors are associated with
increasing terrorism day by day?

doing right to make their homeland safe?

Q14.Militancy and Gender Extremism affected the female
education very much, do you agree?

of terrorism impacts on educational institutes?

Q16.Terrorism can only be defeated by Education?

Q17Do you wish to go abroad for your education?

any fear?
Q19. Research shows Due to the impact of terrorism on
students

through

different

aspects

they

came

in

psychological stress, do you agree?

serious psychological stress, should government arrange

some counseling programs to fight against terrorism ?

13

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

Figure 5.1
1. Are you Student of Age between?

Age Group
a)16-18

b)18-22

c)22-25

d)25-27

7%
27%

20%

46%

This graph reveals that in this research study majority of students are in age group of between 22-25
while others consists of 27% of students in group between 25-27 and 20% are in group in between 1822 and the small numbers of students are consists of age group 16-18.

14

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.2
2. What was your level of awareness on terrorism before 9/11?

Awareness before 9/11

(a) Fully Aware

(b) Aware

(c) Partially Aware

(d) Not Aware

13%
7%
50%

30%

An inspection of this graph shows that majority of students of Sindh University about the 50% were
not aware about terrorism before 9/11 incident. While about 30% were partially aware about the
terrorism. And about little 7%, 13% were partially aware and fully aware respectively.

15

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.3
3. Do you think terrorism has affected your life?

Terrorism affected thier life

a) Yes

b) No

40%

60%

Analysis of this graph shows that majority of students 60% said that terrorism had not affected their
lives and about 40% replied in the consent of this statement.

16

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.4
4. Do you believe your academic progress is affected by Terrorism?

Academic progress
a) Yes

50%

b) No

50%

An inspection of this graph reveals that there is the same number of responses from
the students. 50% students said that their studies and particularly academic progress had been affected
by terrorism. And the 50% replied that their academic progress had not been affected.

17

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.5
5. Do you think Terrorism is rightly associated with Pakistan?

Assoicated with pakistan

(a) Strongly agree

(b) Agree

27%

(c)Disagree

27%

46%

This pie chart shows that a mostly student about the 46% thinks that Terrorism is rightly associated
with Pakistan while about 27% are Strongly agree and about the same percentage 27% are disagreed
to this statement.

18

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.6
6. Will you prefer to go any city and study where the impact of terrorism is moderate?

Preference to study
a) Yes

(b)No

c) )If my parents permits me

23%

27%

50%

This chart shows that majority of students about 50% would not consider to go to
city or institute where impact of terrorism is moderate. About 27% replied that if their parents permit
them they would consider it. While 23% shows consent to this statement that would go for city for
education purpose whatever the situation would be.

19

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.7
6. To go abroad for higher studies the scrutiny and application process has been much
Tougher for Muslim students; do you think they are doing right?

scrutiny
(a) yes

(b) No

23%

77%

This chart reveals that 77% thinks that the scrutiny and application process tough for the
Muslim students is not right way. While 23% said that they are doing right.

20

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.8
8.Due to the terrorism threats, educational institutes have been turned into security
states by that students are facing many barriers, do you think is this right step ?

Barriers
(A) Yes
(B) It should be educational institutes rather than security states
(C) I dont consider these issues

10%
43%

47%

The analysis of this graph reveals that the 47% dont in the favor of the educational institutes
turns into security states while about 43% didnt consider these issues, and about 10% are in consent
of that they are doing right step.

21

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.9
9. Its to be believed that the prominent and valuable Educational institutes of
Pakistan are mostly in Karachi, sindh but due to the current law and order
situation of Karachi many students avoid to go and study there or parents do not
allow them, in your opinion students shall take the risk for a quality of education ?

Risk for Education

a) Strongly Agree

b) Agree

c) Disagree

13%

54%

33%

This graph shows that the 54% students are disagree to go for study particular in Karachi
because of the current law and order situation they dont want to take the risk of their lives.. While
about 33% and 13% think that they would consider the more the quality of education despite whatever
the current law and situation of that city would be.

22

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.10
10. Do you believe that the media coverage that has generally been given to
terrorism has truly increased youths fear on terrorism?

Media Role
a) Yes

b) No

47%
53%

This pie chart shows that the 53% students believed that media coverage has
generally been increased the youth fear on terrorism while 47% dont believe in that.

23

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.11

11 GOD forbids! If your educational institute assaulted by terrorists twice or having

continuous threats, will you prefer to continue your studies there?

Preference to continue
(A) Yes,I am worried about my career

(B) I put my life on risk and be there

(C) No

30%

67%
3%

This graph shows that 67% students don not prefer to continue their studies where impact of
terrorism is in the severe condition while about 30% replied that yes because they are worried about
their carrier while 3% have dare of to put their life on risk to continue their education.

24

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.12
12. What you think what factors are associated with increasing terrorism day by
day?

Factors are associated with increasing

terrorism
(A) Extremism

(B) Religious Misconception

(C) Politics

(D)Poor Education

(E)Poverty

(F)Ethnic groups

6%

12%

22%

19%

11%

30%

This Pie chart shows a very desperate situation and it is an alarming bell for the policy
makers and governments. Majority of students thinks that major factor associated with
terrorisms are politics about the 30% cast their mark on the politics option , 19% Ethnic
groups, 12% Poverty , 6% Religious misconception and 22% extremism.

25

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE5.13
13. after 9/11 the war against Muslim terrorism their studies have been aborted, do
you think that countries are doing right to make their homeland safe?

War against Muslims

a) Strongly Agree

b) Agree

c) Disagree

13%

23%
64%

The above graph shows that the 64% of students thinks that after the incident 9/11 war against
Muslims aborting the studies of Muslim students is not the right way of making their homeland safe
and secure. While 23% shows consent to this statement. And about 13% are strongly agreed.

26

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.14

14. Militancy and Gender Extremism affected the female education very much, do
you agree?

Affects the female education

a) Yes

b) No

c) I don't Know

13%
20%

67%

This pie chart shows that the 67% students thinks that due to terrorism and gender extremisms
female education has been highly affected while 20% dont show consent to this statement. About
little 13% are unaware about that.

27

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.15
15. Do you think if educational institutes are separated from political influences
there might be lower the chances of terrorism impacts on educational institutes?

Political influences
a) Strongly Agree

13%

b) Agree

c) Disagree

23%

64%

This graph reveals that if educational institutes has separated from the political influences that
might be lower of chances of terrorism impacts onto the educational institutes about the 64% of
students shows the agreement to this statement while about 23% are strongly agreed and about 23%
where disagree.

28

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.16
16. Terrorism can only be defeated by Education?

Defeat by Educatiom
a) Agree

b) Disagree

20%

80%

An inspection of this pie chart reveals that the 80% of students are in thinking of that
terrorism can be defeated by the education. While 20% were disagreed.

29

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.17
17. Do you wish to go abroad for your education?

Going abroad for Education

a) Yes

b) No

43%
57%

This graph shows that still now57% of students are in favor of studying aboard. While 43%
didnt whiz to go to aboard for education purpose.

30

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.18
18. Government shall maintain such policies for educational sectors so they should
run smoothly without any fear?

Government Role
a) Yes

b) No

20%

80%

An Inspection of this chart shows that 80% of students think that if government made such
polices for the educational institutes would run smoothly meanwhile 20% shows the disagree to this
statement.

31

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE 5.19
19. Research shows Due to the impact of terrorism on students through different
aspects they came in psychological stress, do you agree?

psychological stress
a) Agree

b) Disagree

20%

80%

The above pie chart shows that the majority of students 80% think that there is most severe
condition of impact of terrorism in regarding to the psychological stress to the students while 20% are
disagrees.

32

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

FIGURE5.20
20. as since last decade educational sectors badly affected by terrorism through
that student have came under serious psychological stress, should government arrange
some counseling programs to fight against terrorism?

Counseling programs to fight against

terrorism
a) Strongly Agree

10%

b) Agree

c) Disagree

27%

63%

This graph shows that even though 63% still students thinks that if government arrange some
counseling programs for the students to fight against the terrorism they can came up from the
psychological stress. While about 27% are strongly agreed. And 10% are disagreed

33

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

6. CONCLUSION
Terrorism hit Pakistan destructively caused miserable death in different incidents.
This has badly damaged the confidence of students and the students are now afraid of the
situation and this has caused to a blow of different impacts on the particular education sector.
The current study reveals the findings of this research particularly in the education sector.
The table 5.1 reveals that in this research study majority of students are in age group of
between 22-25 while others consists of 27% of students in group between 25-27 and 20% are
in group in between 18-22 and the small numbers of students are consists of age group 16-18.
In response of the question do they aware of terrorism before the 9/11 majority of students of
Sindh University about the 50% were not aware about terrorism before 9/11 incident. While
about 30% were partially aware about the terrorism. And about little 7%, 13% were partially
aware and fully aware respectively.
On asking the question do their life had affected by the terrorism majority of students 60%
said that terrorism had not affected their lives and about 40% replied in the consent of this
statement. This reveals that the current condition of Sindh University and also Pakistan are in
not that level of severe condition.
In response of academic progress that there is the same 50% students said that their studies
and particularly academic progress had been affected by terrorism. And the 50% replied that
their academic progress had not been affected.
On answering the question regarding the impact of terrorism majority of students about 50%
would not consider to go to city or institute where impact of terrorism is moderate. About
27% replied that if their parents permit them they would consider it. While 23% shows
consent to this statement that would go for city for education purpose whatever the situation
would be.
In response of tough scrutiny processes for the Muslims students that 77% thinks that the
scrutiny and application process tough for the Muslim students is not right way. While 23%
said that they are doing right.
On asking the question related to security the 47% dont in the favor of the educational
institutes turns into security states while about 43% didnt consider these issues, and about
10% are in consent of that they are doing right step.
In response of the question do they prefer to go for studies to aboard? 57% of students
are in favor of studying aboard. While 43% didnt whiz to go to aboard for education
purpose.
On asking do the government make some counseling programs for students 63% still students
thinks that if government arrange some counseling programs for the students to fight against
the terrorism they can came up from the psychological stress. While about 27% are strongly
agreed. And 10% are disagreed.
In response of the abortion of Muslim students the 64% of students thinks that after the
incident 9/11 war against Muslims aborting the studies is not the right way of making their

34

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

homeland safe and secure. While 23% shows consent to this statement. And about 13% are
strongly agreed.
On answering the question do terrorism affect the female students the 67% students thinks that
due to terrorism and gender extremisms female education has been highly affected while 20% dont
show consent to this statement. About little 13% are unaware about that.

While on preferring to continuation of studies 67% students don not prefer to continue their
studies where the impact of terrorism is in the severe condition while about 30% replied that
yes because they are worried about their carrier meanwhile 3% have dare of to put their life
on risk to continue their education.

35

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that there is a need to make the University environment protected and safe
and sound for every student no matter what they religion belong to.
The additional step must be taken by the Sindh University as to provide secure transportation
facility.
After that there is a need to fit hidden electronic cameras from streets not only at main gate or
entrance but also inside the university.
The next one is to appoint private security guards who must have commando training.
Other one is to provide safety training to every Student where they can learn how to face
uncertain situation but also can hit the one who can be dangerous or can catch the person who
is suspicious.
Table talk would-be fruitful to rectify grievances and negotiations must be fruitful. Effective
dialogue is a need of time with political/ religious parties and with superpowers.

36

RESEARCH REPORT

2014

7. FURTHER AREAS OF STUDY

The purpose of study to identify the problems faced by the students through the terrorism, how they live and
continue their study by facing fear and threats in todays insecure world. No matter where they study. Due to
Muslim militancy terrorism, Muslim students are facing too many problems that live abroad. They are being
watched every time by their countries security agencies i.e. where they study? Where they work? What they
talk and feelings about country where they live? These problems are come into psychological effects as well
where students come in stress, fear, tension and depression, in this case student cannot even continue his/her
studies in these conditions.
However, this study has come to know what students feel about terrorism effecting the education how much
they are worried about their career. In past as we gone through literature review there was very rare research
been conducted on this issue, the government havent taken any keen interest on this issue seriously.
By this research we have got the different observations of students regarding terrorism impacts on education
in this way this study may be helpful to the government sectors as well non government sectors who work for
the education in Pakistan by this they can come to know the students concerns regarding terrorism in
educational sectors so they can create such policies so the students cannot be attempt by terrorists or such
policies to give them secure and safe passage in abroad countries where they can continue their studies
without being suspicious by countrys officials.

37

2014

RESEARCH REPORT

REFERENCES:

Research paper on SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TERRORISM IN

PAKISTAN by Dr.Arbab Naz and Waseem khan, Department of sociology and social
work,University of Malakand,Pakistan.

Effects of terrorism on education in Pakistan an article on a social awareness blog

www.sekho.com published on Mar 17th,2013

Terrorism

effects

on

education

sector

an

article

on

an

education

website

www.interface.edu.pk

Impacts of Terrorism on Mental Health a research conducted by Asima Mehboob

khan,Department of psychiatry,Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences,Islamabad Pakistan.

1 Fred Halliday, Terrorism in Historical Perspective, Transnational Institute,

(2004). Available:

http://www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_halliday_terrorism.

An article, Terrorism before and after 9/11 by Mark Selden, 2002.

Fred Halliday, Terrorism in Historical Perspective, op.cit.

Farzana Shah, Cost of war on terror for Pakistan, Asian Tribune, (2009).

Available: http://asiantribune.com/07/31/cost-of-war-on-terror-for-pakistan

Economic Survey, The News International, (Islamabad: June 11, 2008)

Brigadier Muhammad Khurshid Khan, Domestic Terrorism as a Threat to

Pakistans Security, TIPRI Journal, IX, No.2 (2009).

BBC, Pakistans extremist leader held. Available at: http://news.bbc.co,uk.

The heart of the issue.

Note: we apologizes for not more references as there was almost very much rare work has been done on this
topic appropriately by any researcher or any organization, we have done our level best to complete this
research.

38