CHAPTER 8
SEGMENT AND INTERIM REPORTING
Answers to Problems
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. C
13. C With regard to major customers, U.S. GAAP (FASB ASC 280) only requires
disclosure of the total amount of revenues from each such customer and
the identity of the segment or segments reporting the revenues.
14. D
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. D
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19. C If there has been a material change from the last annual report, total
assets, but not individual assets, for each operating segment must be
disclosed.
20. D
21. D (Determine quantitative threshold under revenue test for reportable
segments)
Sales to outsiders
Intersegment transfers
Combined segment revenues
10% criterion
Minimum
$18,000
3,000
$21,000
x 10%
$ 2,100
$376,000
x 10%
$ 37,600
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$67,500,000
x 10%
$ 6,750,000
$60,000 x 1/4
$120,000 x 1/4
= $15,000
= 30,000
$45,000
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$100,000
(20,000)
16,000
$ 96,000
31. C (Journal entry for property tax expense recognized in interim period)
Dr. Property tax expense
Prepaid property taxes
Cr. Cash
$120,000
360,000
$480,000
32. A (Determine COGS in interim period under LIFO with LIFO liquidation)
5,000 units x $80 = $400,000
300 units x $50 =
15,000
5,300 units
$415,000
33. C
5,000 units x $80 = $400,000
300 units x $82 =
24,600
5,300 units
$424,600
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34. (10 minutes) (Apply the Profit or Loss Test to Determine Reportable
Operating Segments)
Calculation of profit or loss.
Revenues
from Outsiders
Intersegment
Operating
Transfers
Expenses
Profit
Cards
$1,200,000 + $ 100,000 $900,000 = $400,000
Calendars
900,000 +
200,000 1,350,000 =
Clothing
1,000,000
700,000 = 300,000
Books
800,000 +
50,000 770,000 =
80,000
Total
$ 780,000
Loss
$250,000
$250,000
Any segment with an absolute amount of profit or loss greater than or equal
to $78,000 (10% x $780,000) is separately reportable. Based on this test, each
of the four segments must be reported separately.
35. (25 minutes) (Apply the Three Tests Necessary to Determine Reportable
Operating Segments)
Revenue Test (numbers in thousands)
Segment
Plastics
Metals
Lumber
Paper
Finance
Total
Revenues
$ 6,425
2,294
738
455
186
$10,098
Percentage
63.7% (reportable)
22.7% (reportable)
7.3%
4.5%
1.8%
100.0%
Revenues
$ 6,425
2,294
738
455
186
Expenses
$ 3,975
1,628
967
610
103
Profit
$2,450
666
83
$3,199
Loss
$
(reportable)
(reportable)
229
155
$384
Since $3,199 is larger in absolute terms than $384, it will serve as the basis
for testing. Each of the profit or loss figures will be compared to $319.90
(10% x $3,199).
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Assets
$1,363
3,347
314
609
768
$6,401
Percentage
21.3% (reportable)
52.3% (reportable)
4.9%
9.5%
12.0% (reportable)
100.0%
The plastics, metals, and finance segments meet at least one of the three
tests and therefore are reportable.
36. (20 minutes) (A Variety of Computational Questions about Operating Segment
and Major Customer Testing)
a. Total revenues for Fairfield (including intersegment revenues) amount to
$4,200,000.
Minimum revenues for required disclosure are 10% or
$420,000.
b. Disclosure of operating segments is considered adequate only if the
separately reported segments have sales to unaffiliated customers that
comprise 75% or more of total consolidated sales. In this situation that
requirement is met. Red, Blue, and Green have total sales to outsiders of
$3,137,000 (or 86%) of total consolidated sales of $3,666,000. Thus,
disclosure of these three segments would be adequate.
c. Major customer disclosure is based on a level of sales to unaffiliated
customers of at least 10% or, for Fairfield, $366,600 ($3,666,000 x 10%).
d. This test is based on the greater (in absolute terms) of profits or losses. In
this problem, the total profit of Red, Blue, Green, and White ($1,971,000) is
greater than the total loss of Pink and Black ($316,000). Therefore, any
segment with a profit or loss of $197,100 or more (10% x $1,971,000) is
reportable. Using this standard, Red, Blue, Black, and White are of
significant size.
37. (25 minutes) (Apply the three tests necessary to determine reportable
operating segments and determine whether a sufficient number of segments
is reported)
Problem assigned as graded homework, solution will be provided once students have
submitted their answers
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$4,610,000
80.3%
395,000
6.9%
272,000
4.7%
463,000
8.1%
$5,740,000 100.0%
$1,894,000
191,000
83.7%
8.4%
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Italy
Greece
Total
106,000
4.7%
72,000
3.2%
$2,263,000 100.0%
None of the individual foreign countries meets either the revenue or longlived asset materiality test, so no foreign country must be reported
separately. However, information must be presented for the United States
separately and for all foreign countries combined.
39. (20 minutes) (Allocate costs incurred in one quarter that benefit the entire
year and determine income tax expense)
a. Determination of Income by QuarterEstimated Annual Tax Rate 40%
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
Sales
$1,000,000 $1,200,000 $1,400,000 $1,600,000
Cost of goods sold
(400,000)
(480,000)
(550,000)
(600,000)
Administrative costs
(175,000)
(180,000)
(185,000)
(195,000)
Advertising costs
(25,000)
(25,000)
(25,000)
(25,000)
Executive bonuses
(20,000)
(20,000)
(20,000)
(20,000)
Provision for bad debts
(13,000)
(13,000)
(13,000)
(13,000)
Annual maintenance costs
(15,000)
(15,000)
(15,000)
(15,000)
Pre-tax income
$352,000
$467,000
$592,000
$732,000
Income tax*
(140,800)
(186,800)
(236,800)
(292,800)
Net income
$211,200
$280,200
$355,200
$439,200
* Calculation of income tax by quarter:
Pre-tax income this quarter $352,000
Cumulative pre-tax income $352,000
Estimated income tax rate
x 40%
Cumulative income tax
to be recognized to date
$140,800
Cumulative income tax
recognized in earlier periods
-0Income tax this quarter
$140,800
$467,000
$819,000
x 40%
$592,000
$732,000
$1,411,000 $2,143,000
x 40%
x 40%
$327,600
$564,400
$857,200
140,800
$186,800
327,600
$236,800
564,400
$292,800
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39. (continued)
** Calculation of income tax by quarter:
Pre-tax income this quarter $352,000
Cumulative pre-tax income $352,000
Estimated income tax rate
x 40%
Cumulative income tax
to be recognized to date
$140,800
Cumulative income tax
recognized in earlier periods
-0Income tax this quarter
$140,800
$467,000
$819,000
x 40%
$592,000
$732,000
$1,411,000 $2,143,000
x 38%
x 38%
$327,600
$536,180
$814,340
140,800
$186,800
327,600
$208,580
536,180
$278,160
40. (15 minutes) (Treatment of accounting change made in other than first interim
period)
Retrospective application of the FIFO method results in the following
restatements of income for 2012 and the first quarter of 2013:
2012
1st Q.
Sales
Cost of goods sold (FIFO)
Operating expenses
Income before income taxes
Income taxes (40%)
Net income
2nd Q.
3rd Q.
2013
4th Q.
1st Q.
4,600
2,200
5,200
2,080
$3,120
5,200
2,600
6,200
2,480
$3,720
6,000
3,000
7,000
2,800
$4,200
7,400
3,200
7,400
2,960
$4,440
Net income in the second quarter of 2013 is $4,560 [$20,000 9,000 3,400 =
$7,600 3,040 (40%) = $4,560].
The accounting change is reflected in the second quarter of 2013, with yearto-date information, and comparative information for similar periods in 2012
as follows:
Net income
Net income per common share
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$2,200,000
$1,400,000
150,000
1,550,000
$650,000
$2,200,000
$2,200,000
$1,550,000
$1,520,000
30,000
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2.
3.
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U.S.
Europe
-
U.S.
E/ME/A
-
U.S.
Developed Europe
Japan
Japan
- Emerging Markets
- Developed Rest
Other
Other
of
The only geographic area that can be directly compared across these four
pharmaceutical companies is the United States. Bristol-Myers Squibb
provides somewhat more detailed information than the other companies.
Only Eli Lilly and Merck report an individual country (Japan) other than the
U.S. Issues that could be discussed include different quantitative thresholds
used by companies in determining what is a material country, and the fact
that disclosure of geographic areas aggregated above the individual country
level (e.g., E/ME/A, Emerging Markets) is not required. One can assume that
Bristol-Myers Squibb does not have a material amount of revenues or assets
in any single country and voluntarily provides information on a more
aggregated, regional basis. The same appears to be true for Pfizer. Eli Lilly
and Merck provide information for a combination of both individual countries
(Japan) and aggregated regional area (Europe, E/ME/A). Pfizer has perhaps
the most different basis for determining geographic areas, focusing on
developed vs. emerging markets.
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Walmart
International
SAM'S
CLUB
$ 19,914
4,
638
4,
879
4,399
$ 5,998
$ 5,606
$ 1,711
1,095
429
1,299
1,223
$ 1,989
428
367
487
Operating Income
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2011
Quarter Ended April 30, 2010
Quarter Ended July 31, 2010
Quarter Ended October 31, 2010
Quarter Ended January 31, 2011
These results show the seasonal nature of the companys two largest
segments (Walmart U.S. and Walmart International), with a significantly larger
amount of operating income generated in the quarter ended January 31 than in
the other quarters.
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Walmart
Walmart
SAMS
U.S.
International
CLUB
$ 19,914
$ 5,606
260,261
109,232
49,459
7.65%
5.13%
3.46%
$ 19,914
$ 5,606
89,725
72,021
12,531
22.19%
7.78%
13.65%
1,711
1,711
These results indicate that Walmart U.S. by far is the most profitable segment
for Walmart Stores, Inc. Although the Walmart International segment has a
reasonable Operating Profit Margin, that segments Return on Assets is very
low. Return on Assets must be interpreted with caution, however, because the
ending balance in Total Assets is used in the denominator of the ratio rather
than the average amount of Total Assets for the year. The Walmart
International segments Return on Assets (7.78%) is understated, for example,
if a significant portion of Total Assets was acquired late in the year.
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2010
6.96%
14.30%
11.22%
30.52%
14.36%
2009
6.90%
17.30%
10.61%
25.62%
14.41%
2009 to
2010
21.19%
-0.81%
27.03%
42.99%
19.63%
2008 to
2009
-9.37%
-8.77%
-15.41%
-5.36%
-6.16%
2010
38.34%
2009
31.63%
Europe
Latin America
North America
Pacific
56.70%
58.36%
13.57%
38.85%
52.44%
53.91%
21.64%
38.56%
2008
6.87%
17.13%
11.32%
24.45%
13.86%
2. There is no right or wrong answer to this question. Students could argue that
Latin America and Europe would be the areas of the world in which to expand
because profit margin is highest in these areas. There would seem to be more
room to expand in Latin America given that this area has a smaller percentage
of total revenues. In addition, revenue growth in Europe has been negative in
the most recent two years, so expansion might not be feasible in this region.
Eurasia & Africa and Pacific also have relatively high profit margins. The
company generates the smallest percentage of total revenues in Eurasia &
Africa, so perhaps there is an opportunity for growth in this area.
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