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(b) De ne of heat of solution based on one mole of solution and one mole of solute.
Also derive the relationship between them. [6+10]
2. The gas stream from a sulphur burner is composed of 45 mol % SO2, and 55 mol%
O2. This gas stream at 1 bar and 480 oC enters a catalytic converter when SO2
is further oxidized to SO3. Assuming that the reaction reaches equilibrium, deter-
mine how much heat must be removed from the converter to maintain isothermal
conditions per 100 mol of entering gas Cp / R = A + BT +D/T2 [16]
3. (a) Discuss the determination of fugacity from equation of state, with special
reference to Vander waals gas and show that, ln f = ln (RT/(V-b)) + b/(V-b)
? 2a/RTV.
(b) Show mathematically that the entropy change on mixing is not zero even for
ideal gases. [12+4]
4. (a) Elucidate the vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary systems with the help of p-x-y
and t-x-y diagrams.
(b) Write and explain models for excess Gibbs energy based on the local compo-
sition. [12+4]
5. (a) Discuss the phase rule and Duhem’s theorem for non-reacting system, explain
in detail.
(b) The binary system of benzene (1) / ethyl benzene (2) conforms closely to
Raoult’s law. Vapor pressures for the pure species are given by the following
Antoine equations:
ln 1 sat = 13 8594 - 2773.78
t/0 C+220.07
ln 2 sat = 14 0045 - 3279.47
t/0 C+213.2
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7. Develop equations that apply to the limiting case of binary LLE for which the
-phase is very dilute in spices 1 and the -phase is very dilute in species2. [16]
8. A mixture of N2, H2 and Argon in the mole ratio 1:3:2 enters a catalytic reactor
for the synthesis of ammonia. The reactor is maintained at 400oC and 20 Mpa.
Estimate the degree of conversion (K = 1096*104). [16]
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2. Calculate the maximum temperature in degree centigrade when the following gas
is burned with 30% excess air entering at 25 0 :
CO 30%
H2 15%
CO2 5%
N2 50%
The mean heat capacities of these gages (in cal/ g mole 0K) are:
CO : 7.587
H2 : 7.138
O2 : 7.941
N2 : 7.507
CO2 :11.92
H2O : 9.39
Heat of combustion data: Hc (k cal/ g mole) CO = 67.63 and H2O = 68.32. [16]
3. Derive the relation for the calculation of Gibbs free energy of ideal gas mixture,
starting from fundamental property relation. [16]
4. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the system 1, 2 dichloro methane (1) /methanol
(2) at 50 oC are as follows:
P/kpa x1 y1
55.55 0.000 0.000
58.79 0.042 0.093
64.59 0.189 0.265
65.76 0.349 0.349
65.59 0.415 0.367
63.86 0.632 0.418
59.03 0.835 0.484
48.41 0.945 0.620
31.10 1.000 1.000
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5. The excess Gibbs energy for a binary system is given by: GE / RT = 0.45 X1 X2.
The pure component vapor pressures are given by:
ln P1 sat kPa = 14 39- 2795.8
t/o C+230
ln P2 sat kPa = 16 59- 3644.2
t/o C+239
Obtain the P-x, y diagram for this system at 50oC. [16]
6. Show that the residual Gibbs energy of uids from Redlich-Kwong equation of state
bRT 1 .5 ln (1 + ).
[16]
is GR
RT = - 1 - ln(1 - ) - a
7. Name the di erent types of binary mixtures in terms of solubility. What are the
thecritical solution temperature and the three phase temperature for a partially
miscible liquid solution. Show them on diagram. [16]
1. Water and a liquid mixture of propane and butane are admitted into a vaporizer at
50 oC and leave as vapors at 175 oC. The hourly 25 kg water, 350 kg propane and
550 kg of butane are admitted. Estimate the heat requirement in the vaporizer.
2. Carbon monoxide gas is burned at constant pressure with 100% excess air. The
reactants enter at 25 0C and the exhaust gases leave the reaction chamber at 1200
0C Estimate the heat loss from the reaction chamber
Standard heat of combustion of CO=-282,900 J/mol
Cp =a+bT+cT2 Cp in J/mol-K, T in K
The constants of a, b, c are:
[16]
a b×103 c×106
CO2 26.75 42.26 -14.25
N2 27.02 5.81 -0.29
2 25.29 13.25 -4.20
4. Derive and discuss the Wilson equation as a model of solution behaviour for mul-
ticomponent system. Discuss the merits of this model over others. Explain its
temperature dependence also. [16]
1. Water and a liquid mixture of propane and butane are admitted into a vaporizer at
50 oC and leave as vapors at 175 oC. The hourly 25 kg water, 350 kg propane and
550 kg of butane are admitted. Estimate the heat requirement in the vaporizer.
2. (a) 40 kg of ethyl alcohol and 50 kg of acetic acid are charged into a reactor to
yield ethyl acetate as per the reaction,
C2H5OH (l) + CH3COOH (l) = C2H5OOCCH3 + H2O
The reaction is 60% complete. Estimate the heat e ect of this process heat of
combustion in cal/mol: C2H5OH = -326700; CH3COOH = - 208300; C2H5OOCCH3
4. For Diethyl ether (1) - Chloroform (2) at 30 oC, a1 = 0.71 and a2 = 0.57, P1sat =
sat = 86.59 kPa. The system is believed to governed by Margules
33.73 kPa and P2
type of equations for activity coe cients. Prepare a p-x-y diagram for the system
at 30 oC. [16]
6. Show that the residual Gibbs energy of uids from Redlich-Kwong equation of state
is GR bRT 1 .5 ln (1 + ). [16]
RT = - 1 - ln(1 - ) - a
7. Discuss about liquid-liquid Equilibrium (LLE). Draw liquid-liquid solubility dia-
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