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An immediate optical feature of colloidal quantum dots is their coloration. While the
material which makes up a quantum dot defines its intrinsic energy signature, the
nanocrystal's quantum confined size is more significant at energies near the band gap.
Thus quantum dots of the same material, but with different sizes, can emit light of
different colors. The physical reason is the quantum confinement effect.
The larger the dot, the redder (lower energy) its fluorescence spectrum. Conversely,
smaller dots emit bluer (higher energy) light. The coloration is directly related to the
energy levels of the quantum dot.
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Quantitatively speaking, the bandgap energy that determines the energy (and hence
color) of the fluorescent light is inversely proportional to the size of the quantum dot.
Larger quantum dots have more energy levels which are also more closely spaced.
This allows the quantum dot to absorb
photons containing less energy, i.e.,
those closer to the red end of the
spectrum.
Recent articles in nanotechnology and
in other journals have begun to
suggest that the shape of the
quantum dot may be a factor in the
coloration as well, but as yet not
enough information is available.
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Larger dots have more closely spaced energy levels in which the electron-hole pair can
be trapped. Therefore, electron-hole pairs in larger dots live longer causing larger dots
to show a longer lifetime.
Adve rtise m e nt
Further Reading
Quantum Dots - What are Quantum Dots?
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