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ESC 201

ASSIGNMENT 1:NORTONS THEOREM


GROUP: A3.
MD ATIBUDDIN
VIGHNESH S BHAT
Q1) FROM: FOUNDATIONS OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS by ANANT
AGARWAL & JEFFREY H. LANG.
Ex. 3.17, page 181 (MODIFIED PROBLEM)
Find the Nortons equivalent of the given circuit across terminals a and b.
a

R1

R3

V
I

Figure for problem 1:

Solution:
Step 1: Calculation of Rth by deactivating the power sources. Short circuit the voltage source
and open circuit the current source to obtain the following circuit.

R1

R3

Fig: Calculation of Rth

Rth= resistance across terminals a and b


= R1 in parallel with the series combination of R2 and R3
=
Step 1:Calculation of short circuit nortons current. Short the terminals a and b to get the
following circuit.

R1

R3
ISC

V
I

Fig: Calculation of Nortons current

Converting the current source with a parallel resistor to a voltage source with a series
resistor, we obtain the following circuit.

R3

R1
R2
I2

i1
Isc

V
IR2

Applying KVL to loop 1;


(equiation 1)
Applying KVL to loop 2;

(equation 2)
Or,

(equation 3)

Putting equation 3 into equation 1, we get:

=0

ANSWERS:

Q2) FROM: FROM SCHAUMS ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, 4th EDITION


Q4.32, page 60 (UNSOLVED PROBLEM)
Find the Norton equivalent of the given circuit across terminals a and b
6 Ix
-

Ix

20V

Fig for problem 2:


STEP 1: Calculation of ISC. Short the terminals a and b, in doing so the 6 ohm resistor gets
shorted and the circuit reduces as follows:

4
Isc

20V

Fig: Calculation of Nortons current Isc


From KVL, we get

STEP 2: Calculation of Vth

6 Ix
-

Ix
Vth

20V

Fig: Calculation of Vth


Applying KVL to the loop, we obtain

Now, we know that


ANSWERS:
and

NOTE: We cannot directly find out the thevenin resistance by short circuiting the dependent
voltage source
Q3) Problem is from MIT assignments Circuits and Electronics
URL is http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-002circuits-and-electronics-spring-2007/assignments/hw2.pdf
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-002-circuitsand-electronics-spring-2007/video-lectures/6002_l3.pdf

Two networks, N1 and N2, are described graphically in terms of their iv relations, and
connected together through a single resistor, as shown below.

R=5

+
N2

N1
V1

Figure for problem 3:

FIG: I-V CHARECTERISTICS FOR NETWORK 1

FIG: I-V CHARECTERISTICS FOR NETWORK 2

V2

(A) Find the Norton equivalents of N1 and N2.

(B) Find the voltages

and

that result from the interconnection of N1 and N2

Solution:
Part A
For the network N1 we have from the graph open circuit voltage( ) when current is zero
( i 0 ) as -4V and for the same network short circuit current is (when v 0 ) i SC 2A.Slope
of the graph is

v
2 RTH . But iSC I N 2 A
i

So graphically we have v vTH RTH i .


For the second network N2 we have from the graph calculating slope of the network as
v
RTH 1. .Same relationship holds i.e. v vTH RTH i . Also vOC 2 V when i 0 and
i
iSC 2 A when v 0 .

IN1=2A

Rth1=2

Fig: Nortons equivalent for network 1

IN2=
2A
Rth2=1

Fig: Nortons equivalent for network 1

Putting these values in the network and drawing the network as below.
V1

R=5
V2

IN2=
2A

IN1=
2A
Rth1=2

Part B
Applying nodal analysis at node 1

v1 v1 v 2

2
2
5
equation (1)
1 1
1
v1 v 2 2
2 5
5
Applying nodal analysis at node 2
v 2 v1 v 2

2
5
1

equation (2)
1 v
v 2 1 1 2
5 5

Rth2=1

Solving these two simultaneous equations we get


v1 2.5 V and v2 1.25 V

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