2/4/2010

FIXING MY GAZE:
VISION THERAPY FOR
STRABISMUS
Susan R. Barry, Ph.D.
Professor of Biological Sciences
and Neuroscience
Mount Holyoke College
South Hadley, MA. 01075
sbarry@mtholyoke.edu

CopyrightbyMargaretNelson

The straight-ahead direction is not

where either eye is pointing.

Images that fall on corresponding retinal

points are interpreted as coming from the
same place in space.

CopyrightbyMargaretNelson.
CopyrightbyMargaretNelson.

Diplopia and Visual Confusion.

Figure by Margaret Nelson.

2/4/2010

From: http://www.3dgear.com/scsc/movies/audience.jpg
http://www.edcenter.sdsu.edu/cs575viz/viewmaster.gif

http://web.mit.edu/bcs/schillerlab/research/A-Vision/A12-5.htm

From Eye to Brain.

Ocular dominance histograms in area V1of

normal and strabismic cats.

From: Hubel, 1988, Eye, Brain, and Vision

Did I have a monocular brain?

http://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/~rhoge/HST583/doc/VisualCortex.jpg

Esotropia (crossed eyes) is not present at birth.

4, 543 newborn babies

examined.
No cases of esotropia found
that persisted through
infancy.

Nixon RB, Helveston EM, Miller K, Archer SM, Ellis FD. Incidence of strabismus in
neonates. American Journal of Ophthalmology 100 (1985): 798801.
Archer SM, Sondhi N, Helveston EM. Strabismus in infancy. Ophthalmology 96
(1989): 13337.

2/4/2010

1. Importance of eye posture in

stereoscopic perception.
2. Approach fusion training from the
th point
the
i t where
h
th
the patient
ti t
demonstrates an attempt at
normal binocular behavior.

Press LJ, 1997. Applied

Concepts in Vision Therapy.

Polaroid Vectogram: Each eye sees one rope circle

(quoit).

SB
Vergence range

Pre (Nov. 20, 2001)

Not measurable
measurable.

Post (2009)
Base in/Base out vergence
ranges >30 distance and
near.

From:
http://www.screensavers.com/Home/Nature/Landscapes/Fall+Colors/Autumn+Forest+Path/index.html?SS_ID=
11801_12875_12878_102004

2/4/2010

Right Eye
Neuron

Left Eye
Neuron

Right Eye
Neuron

Left Eye
Neuron

VT
(LONG TERM
POTENTIATION)

Weakly binocular neuron

Strongly binocular neuron

Princesse Albert de Broglie, ne Josphine-Elonore-Marie-Pauline de Galard de Brassac de Barn by

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867).

Qualitative stereopsis: Even objects located outside

Panum's fusional area are seen in stereoscopic depth.

Objects located outside

Panums fusional area are
seen as double.

These two lines bracket

Panums fusional area.
Objects lying within these
lines are seen as single.

Horopter

http://www.kulakane302.com/images/views%20from%20Kulakane/Panoramic%20vie
w%20from%20lanai%20-%20full%20resolution.jpg

Motion Parallax

From: Roy J-P, Komatsu H, Wurtz RH, 1992.

J. Neurosci. 12: 2478-2492.

From: http://movies.radiofree.com/photos/star_wars_revenge_of_the_sith_10333.jpg

2/4/2010

Constraint-induced movement therapy: the transfer

package is most important.

From: http://spaceinfo.jaxa.jp/db/kaihatu/shuttle/shuttle_g/sts-72-2.jpg

http://gardenstatept.com/sitebuildercontent/
sitebuilderpictures/cit.jpg

Barn owl.

http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/basalforebrain.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/500px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png
http://www.taconic.com/user-assets/Images/Producs-Services/white2_rat.jpg
http://www.coloradocollege.edu/IDProg/Neuroscience/Rat%20brain%20images/plate%2045.jpg