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Geo erties
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15 Geometric properties

Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

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Geometric properties
Type of property:

Defines:

1.

Cross section area A

Axial stress fa and shear stress fv

2.

Centroid C

Center of mass (Neutral Axis)

3.

Moment of Inertia I

Bending stress fb and deflection

4.

Polar Moment of Inertia J

Torsion stress

5.

Section Modulus S

Max. bending stress fb (S = I/c)

6.

Radius of Gyration r

Column slenderness r = (I/A)1/2

Todays topics:

Centroid
Parallel Axis Theorem
15 Geometric properties

Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

Centroidal Moment of Inertia, etc.

Moment of Inertia of composite sections

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Centroid
Centroid is the center of mass of a body or surface area.
Beam centroid is the Neutral Axis of zero bending stress.
Centroid also defines distributed load center of mass, etc.
1 Centroid C of freeform body
2 Centroid C of composite cross section
(with centroid outside cross section area)
Centroid is a point where the moment of all partial areas
is zero, i. e., the area is balanced at the centroid.
Defining the total area A =da with lever arms x and y
from an arbitrary origin fo partial areas da with lever
arms x and y to that origin, yields:
Mx = 0

xA - x da = 0
A = da

xda = x da
x= x da / da
y= y da / da

15 Geometric properties

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Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

X=8/2=4

Centroid
Beam centroid example
Assume:
A1 = 8x2
A2 = 2 x 2 x 6
Y1 = 6 + 1
Y2 = 6/2

A1 = 16 in2
A2 = 24 in2
Y1 = 7
Y2 = 3

Due to symmetry:
X = 8/2

X = 4

Y= AY / A = (A1 Y1+A2 Y2) / (A1+A2)

Part

A (in2)

Y (in)

A Y (in3)

16

112

24

72

40

Y = 184 / 40
15 Geometric properties

Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

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184
Y = 4.6
4

1. T-beam centroid
A (in2)

Y (in)

A Y (in3)

8x2 = 16

112

2x6 = 12

28

Part

36
148

Y = 148 / 28

Y = 5.29

2. Facade centroid
A (ft2)

Y (ft)

A Y (ft3)

200x600 = 120,000

300

36,000,000

2x100x600/2 = 60,000

200

12,000,000

180,000

Part

Y = 48,000,000/180.000

48,000,000
Y = 267

3. Plan centroid (eccentricity = seismic torsion /)

A (ft2)

Part

A X (ft3)

X (ft)

2x34 = 68

68

2x2x(34+20) = 216

64

13,824

284

13,892

X = 13,892 / 284
15 Geometric properties

Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

X = 48.9

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Parallel Axis Theorem

The Parallel Axis Theorem is used to find the
Moment of Inertia for composite sections.
1. Beam for derivation
2. T-beam
3. Box beam
Consider the basic Moment of Inertia equation
a
I = ay2
a2
Referring to diagram 1 yields:
Ix= a(y+y)2 = ay2 + 2ayy + ay2
(a+ b) 2 =

a2 + 2 ab +

b2

ab

b
ab

b2

Ix= ay2 + 2yay + ay2

where ay = 0 since the partial moments above and
below the centroid axis 0-0 cancel out.
Hence:
Ix= ay2 + ay2
Since ay2 = Io
Ix=(I0+ay2)
The Moment of Inertia of composite beams is the sum of
moment of inertia of each part + the cross section area
of each part times their lever arm to the centroid squared.
15 Geometric properties

Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

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Parallel Axis Theorem examples

T-beam
Part
1
2

15 Geometric properties

Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

A (in2)
12
12

Y (in)
2
2

Ay2 (in4)
48
48

I0 = bd3/12 (in4)
6x23/12
2x63/12

=4

Ix (in4)
52

= 36

84

Ix=

136

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Parallel Axis Theorem examples

T-beam
Part

A (in2)

Y (in)

Ay2 (in4)

I0 = bd3/12 (in4)

Ix (in4)

12

48

6x23/12 = 4

52

12

48

2x63/12

= 36

84

Ix=

136

Box-beam
(2 MC13x50, A= 2x14.7 = 29.4, I= 2x 314 = 628)
Part

A (in2)

Y (in)

29.4

20

AISC Table: MC13x50 channel

Ay2 (in4)

I0 (in4)

Ix (in4)

628

628

980

2x10x13/12= 2

982

Ix=

1610

(AISC = American Institute of Steel Construction)

I=

15 Geometric properties

Copyright G G Schierle, 2001-05

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