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AirReceiversCapacity
Startedbysheiko,Jan06201104:47PM

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sheiko

Posted06January201104:47PM

Hi,
First,letmewishyouahappynewyear!Beitfullofarticles,tipsandadvicefromourmentorshereinCheresources
Forums!
Nowmyfirstquestionoftheyear:
Ihavenoticedinseveraltextsonairreceivers,aformulatodeterminetheircapacity,thatis:
V=t*C*Pa/(P1P2)
With,
V:receivercapacity
t:timerequiredtoallowsafeshutdownofcriticalequipment
C:totalairrequirement(atstandardconditions)
Pa:atmosphericpressure
P1:receiveroperatingpressure
P2:receiverfinalpressure
Iwaswonderinghowisitderived?sinceidon'tsucceedinfindingthesamedoingamaterialbalance(theformulaiget
namelyrequiresthetemperature)...
Editedbysheiko,07January201103:12PM.

daryon

Posted06January201108:35PM

I'veseenasimilarequationbeforeanduseditasaroughsizingforairrecievers.Ihavecheckedtheresultagainsta
moreaccuratemethodusingtheidealgaslawasyousuggest,andtheresultarefairlyclosetogether.Ithinkthis
equationisfineforsizingairrecievers,althoughIthinktheequatuionshouldacutallybe:
V=t.Q/0.57(P1P2)
where:
Q=flowrateinSm/h
P1=NormOppressureinkPag
P2=MinAirpressureinkPag
t=Storagetimeinmin
V=VolumeRequired(m)
I'mnotsurehowit'sderivedandIhaveneversatdownandtried(Ipreferdrinkingbeertoderivingequations),butthe
referenceIhaveforthisequationisaStatOilprocessdesignhandbookfrom1984seeattachedextractforreference.
AttachedFiles

http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/11913airreceiverscapacity/?forcePrint=1

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(http://www.cheresources.com/invision/index.php?
app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_id=3185)PagesfromPHB5.pdf
(http://www.cheresources.com/invision/index.php?
app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_id=3185)48.32KB190downloads

Zauberberg

Posted07January201102:36AM

Sheiko,
BestwishesfortheNewYear.
TheformulausedisderivedfromtheIdealGasLaw(orsomeformofit),aswearenormallyinterestedincalculating
thesurgevolumeofairthatwillbeavailablefromtheAirReceiverduringtransitionfromP1(initialpressure)toP2
(finalpressure).ThissurgevolumemustbeequaltotheC*t,or(Demand)*(Time)asyouwroteinyourpost.
Thekeythingistoconverttotaldemand(duringtransitionfromP1toP2)intokmoleofAir.Then,weneedto
calculatewhatisthereceivervolumethatwillcontainacertainquantity(kmole)ofAiratP1,andcertainquantity
(kmole)ofAiratP2,sothatthedifferencebetweenthesetwoquantitiesequalsour(Demand)*(Time)figure,converted
intomolesofAir.Seeattachedspreadsheet.
TemperatureandGasconstantareexcludedfromtheequationaswenormallyassumeisothermalconditions.
AttachedFiles
(http://www.cheresources.com/invision/index.php?
app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_id=3187)AirVolume.xls
(http://www.cheresources.com/invision/index.php?
app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_id=3187)20KB207downloads

sheiko

Posted07January201103:47AM

DearDaryonandZauber,thanks.
Zauber,idounderstandthematerialbalance.Whatidon'tunderstandistheoriginoftheformulaigaveinmyfirst
post.
Whendoingmymaterialbalanceiget:
accumulation=inout+source
AsnoINandnoSOURCE,acc=out
=>dn/dt=F(nisnumberofmoleandFismolarflowrate)
n=PV/(RT)=>dn/dt=(V/RT)*dP/dt(asVandTareconstants)
So,(V/RT)*dP/dt=F

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AsF=C/Vmol(Vmolismolarvolumeatagivenstandardcondition)
=>V=t*R*T*C/((P1P2)*Vmol)
As,Vmol=R*T0/Pa(withT0isastandardtemperature),ifinallyfind:
V=t*C*Pa*T/((P1P2)*T0)
Thatis,ifindthesameformulathaninmyfirstpost,butwithatemperaturecorrectionfactorequaltoT/T0!
Editedbysheiko,28January201102:20PM.

Zauberberg

Posted07January201103:58AM

Exactly.And,aswehaveconcludedinthepreviouspost,theterm(T/To)canbeeliminatedastheconditionsarevery
closetoisothermal.Thereiscertainamountofcoolingduetoexpansion(plusheattransferwithambient)butthisis
normallynottakenintoaccount,anditdoesnotaffectreceiversizeinsignificantproportions.

sheiko

Posted07January201104:57AM

IbelievetheisothermalassumptionisalreadytakenintoaccountinthederivationbyassumingaconstantT.Sotome,
assumingT=T0wouldbeanotherassumption(forexample,T0maybeequalto0Cor15CdependingontheNormal
orStandardconditions...).Doyouseewhatimeananddoyouguysagreewithmyanalysis?
Editedbysheiko,07January201112:23PM.

ArtMontemayor

Posted07January201111:31AM

Sheiko:
YouremindmeofmewhenIwasinyourshoes.Inevertrustedanyformulaorequationthatwasntbackedupbya
detailedderivationoracknowledgeandrecognizedsource.Istilldont.
InAprilof1964,whenIwasonmywaytoaforeignassignmentinPeru,Ineededresourcesandengineeringbackupsince
Iwasgoingtobeonmyown,soIpurchasedalittlehandbookinChicago,IllinoisthatwastitledCompressedAirData
bytheCompressedAirMagazineCompany,NewYorkCity.Itcostallof$3.00andwasaverypopularandrecommended
book.Istillhavethatlittlebookandonpage147itreads:
TimeRequiredtoPumpupanAirReceiver
Itisoftendesirabletoknowtheapproximatetimerequiredforacompressortopumpupareceivertoacertainpressure.
Theformulabelowcanbeusedforthispurpose.

T=(V)(P2P1)/[(14.7)(PD)(VE)]
Inwhich,
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T=timerequiredtopumpupreceiverfrompressureP1topressureP2,inminutes
V=Volumeofreceiver,incubicfeet
P2=Finalordesiredpressureinreceiver,psia
P1=Initialpressureinreceiver,psia
PD=Pistondisplacementofcompressor,ft3/min
VE=Averagevolumetricefficiencyofcompressor,(asadecimal).
Notethat(PD)(VE)istheactualdeliveryofthecompressor,incfm.(Inthosedays,everyaircompressorwasa
reciprocatingtype.)IfthisvalueisknownitmaybesubstitutedintheformulaforthetwotermsPDandVE.
Theseformulaewillgiveonlyapproximateresults,sincefactorssuchastemperaturechangesarenotconsideredinthe
formulaandcannotbeaccuratelymeasuredwithoutelaborateapparatus.Inmostcasesthesefactorswouldtendtoslightly
decreasethepumpuptimefromthatshownbytheformula.
Afteranalyzingtheaboveequationandexplanation,itisobviousthatthisisthesameequationyouhavetermforterm.
Theoriginalderivationwasdonetofindthetimeforpumpingupanairreceiver.Youruseofitistodotheopposite:to
findtheairreceivercapacityinacertainamountoftime.Eitherway,theequationisapplicablewithintherestraints
notedabove.
IhaveusedthisequationinPeru,andmanyothercountriessince.ButwhatIusuallydoistooptimizetheapplication,
takingintoconsiderationthetype,size,andcapacityofcompressorbeingusedandthestoragepressurebeingappliedinthe
receiver.Therearealotofvariablesinvolved.ToillustratewhatIstate,readtheattachedcopyImadeofanotherexcellent
bookthatisnolongerinprint(itseemsthatmostofalltheengineeringbooksIhaveinmylibraryathomeareoutof
print):CompressedAirandGasDatabyCharlesW.GibbsoftheIngersollRandCompany(1969).NotehowGibbsgoes
aboutresolvingtheproblemofselectinganairreceiver.Theanswerisnottobefoundinjustone,simple,andconvenient
equation.Itinvolvesotherparameters.
Ihopethisinformationisofvalueanduseforyou.
HaveaHappyandProsperousNewYear.
AttachedFiles
(http://www.cheresources.com/invision/index.php?
app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_id=3190)TheEngineeredAirReceiver.doc
(http://www.cheresources.com/invision/index.php?
app=core&module=attach&section=attach&attach_id=3190)42.5KB187downloads

sheiko

Posted07January201112:27PM

'ArtMontemayor',on07Jan201110:11PM,said:
Notethat(PD)(VE)istheactualdeliveryofthecompressor,incfm.
Ok,igotit.
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Manythanks!
Editedbysheiko,07January201112:28PM.

Zauberberg

Posted08January201107:32AM

'sheiko',on07Jan20113:37PM,said:
Ibelievetheisothermalassumptionisalreadytakenintoaccountinthederivationbyassuminga
constantT.Sotome,assumingT=T0wouldbeanotherassumption(forexample,T0maybeequalto
0Cor15CdependingontheNormalorStandardconditions...).Doyouseewhatimeananddoyouguys
agreewithmyanalysis?
Youhaveassumedanisothermalprocessi.e.T=constant,andnotafunctionoftime/pressure.Beingaconstant,it
doesnotaffectthefinalequation.
ThetermT/Toissomethingdifferent,andasyouderivedcorrectlyittakesintoaccountthedifferenceinvolumeif
airreceiveroperatesatdifferenttemperature(differentingeneral,andnotduringthetransitionperiod),wherethe
numberofmolesofairisdifferentthatifreceiveroperatesatTo(foranygivenvolume).Itmeansthat,ifreceiveris
hotterthanTo,you'llneedanadditionalair/receivervolumebecausetherequiredquantityofmoles(orNm3)ofair,is
lesswhenreceiverishotterthanTo.
Theempiricalequation,inmyopinion,simplyneglectsanytemperatureeffectsasitisquitecommontohaveair
receiveroperatingattemperaturesthatareveryclosetothereferencedtemperature(s).

sheiko

Posted08January201107:50AM

Makessense.Moreover,ISO1217(foraircompressors)indicatesareferencetemperatureT0equalto20C,whichseems
closeenoughtotheoperatingtemperatureofanyairreceivers(iguess).
http://www.engineeri...sorsd_848.html(http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ratingaircompressorsd_848.html)
Editedbysheiko,08January201109:04AM.

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