Oranos

S.C. ORANOS S.R.L.

About us "S.C. ORANOS S.R.L"

ORANOS is the safest and most experienced helicopter
sightseeing service in Brasov area, with a fleet of 5 COLIBRI
EC120 B helicopters.
The COLIBRI EC120 B is the smartest and most versatile
very light turbine helicopter on the market. It fulfils the European JAR 27 issue 1
regulation for VFR operation by day and night. It is certified for a single pilot being
either on the right or on the left side. The aircraft is delivered with right side controls as
standard (removable dual controls are on option). The helicopter has a Maximum Gross
Weight of 1,715 kg. With its unobstructed cabin, fitted with energy attenuating seats each
offering excellent visibility makes it perfectly suited for the following missions:
Corporate use, Passenger transport, Training, Police surveillance, Offshore.
The EC120 B has been designed to be environmental friendly, with an optimal external
noise pattern which is 6.7 dB below the 85.4 dB required by the ICAO (chapter 11,
appendix 4, Annex 16). It is one of the few helicopters meeting the very strict noise level
requirements in the United States to fly over National Parks (GCNP). Furthermore the
design has been focused on the reduction of operating costs and alleviated and simplified
maintenance performed locally by the operator due to a modular design of main the
mechanical components.
Starting from 2007, the EC120 B is fully equipped with VFR day-time radio navigation
(standard "Ready to fly" package) associated with an integrated instrument panel (double
colour screen Vehicle and Engine Multifunction Display (VEMD), GPS with colour map
display) and has the capability of night-time VFR flight.
The TURBOMECA ARRIUS 2F turbine-engine, modular in design and with a low fuel
consumption, has maximum take-off power rating at sea level, in ISA conditions, is 376
kW (504 shp ).

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We have been in business and flying safely for over 15 years. We first began as a turist
sightseeing company with only one helicopter ading another every 3-4 years, recognizing and
answering to the surge of tourism to Brasov and the need for a new and exciting attraction.
Through the years our staff have also been recognized and awarded for their excellence in
service and performance by various aviation and travel and tourism organizations. This
impressive record is due to the high caliber of our staff and the reliability of our equipment. All
of our highly trained pilots and aviation maintenance technicians receive regular recurrent
COLIBRI EC120 B factory training and our fleet is serviced on a daily basis in our own 24 hour
7 days a week maintenance facility. This coupled with our unsurpassed safety and security
measures assures our passengers the safest and most pleasurable experience possible.
Our company is comprised of 20 employee+CEO from which 6 are pilots and one is a
chief pilot with a couple of thousand flight hours each.

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OPERATIONS MANUAL
"S.C. ORANOS S.R.L".
Part A:
Chapter 1: ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1.1: Organisational Structure

CEO/Accountable Manager: Ispirescu Ionut
Flight Operation Manager :Gheorgiu Andrei
Training Manager:Kartigean Aureliu
Ground Operations Manager : Herbert Frank
Maintenance Manager:Intze Laura
Quality Manager : Bacauan Melania
Safety Manager: Obeidat Ramal
Company Organization
General Organisation Chart

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Flight Operations Organisation Chart

Area of Operation
N 4510'
N 4550'
N 4610'
N 4550'
N 4550'
N 4530'

Area of Operation
E 2545'
E 2445'
E 2515'
E 2545'
E 2615'
E 2615'

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1.2:Nominated Postholders
In the absence of a nominated postholder, his deputy ensures continuity of supervision.
Function
CEO/ Accountable Manager
Flight Operation Manager
Training Manager
Ground Operations Manager
Maintenance Manager

Nominated Postholders
Ispirescu Ionut
Gheorgiu Andrei
Kartigean Aureliu
Herbert Frank
Intze Laura

Deputies
Ispirescu Andreea
Training Manager
Flight Operation Manager
Maintenance Manager
Training Manager

CEO/ Accountable Manager

Ispirescu Ionut is responsible for providing the necessary resources to the other post
holders to perform their tasks for which they are responsible to ensure safe operations
and airworthy aircraft.
Ispirescu Ionut establishes the company formal written quality policy statement defining
the intent of the quality system; establishes the company's safety commitment including a non
reprisal policy; and keeps direct reporting links with Diaconu Vicentiu (Quality manager) and
Gheorghescu Florin (Safety Manager).
Flight Operations Manager
Gheorgiu Andrei is the nominated postholder acceptable to the Authority responsible for
the management and supervision of the flight operations. Kartigean Aureliu holds a valid Airline
Transport Pilot License validated by AACR.
Gheorgiu Andrei reports directly to the Ispirescu Ionut . He is responsibility to ensure
that in developing a company plan, full recognition is given to the need for safe and efficient
operations and he ensures that every flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions
of the Operations Manual and that aircraft are equipped and pilots are qualified, as
required for the area and type of operation. He is the executive responsible for the development
and implementation of the flight operations policies and for direct supervision of the line
operations on the fleet. This involves implementing and maintaining whatever procedures
necessary to ensure the smooth operation of the fleet. Particularly he determines all flight
operational standards and practices. He is responsible for editing the Operations Manual and
ensuring that it is kept up to date.

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Training Manager
Kartigean Aureliu is the nominated postholder acceptable to the Authority responsible
for the management and the supervision of the crew training. He has a thorough knowledge of
the AOC holders crew training concept for the pilots and for cabin crew when relevant. He is
in charge of organising and completing the training necessary for the crews to acquire
and maintain their legal licenses and qualifications and to adequately perform their assigned
duties.
In cooperation with the respective Chief Pilot and Obeidat Ramal (Flight Safety
Manager), he monitors the operation and identifies problems or corrective actions that may
require the provision of extra training or changes in operational procedures.He ensures that the
training facilities and equipment fulfil the required specifications and approvals.
He plans all longterm pilot training activities and assesses the pilots training development
costs. He ensures that logistics organisation and commercial agreements are well in place for
each training.
Ground Operations Manager
Herbert Frank is the nominated postholder acceptable to the Authority responsible for the
management and the supervision of the ground operations. He has a thorough knowledge of the
AOC holders crew training concept.
He is responsible for the safe, secure and economical conduct of all activities regarding the
organisation of ground handling activities for S.C. ORANOS S.R.L.. He must arrange
appropriate ground handling facilities to ensure the safe handling of the flights. In
particular, he ensures handling and dispatch of passengers, cargo and aircraft in cooperation
with other company divisions and external enterprises.
He makes sure that all the Stations Managers and subcontracted services, specially
de/antiicing services, undertake all required measures for the security and safety of the
passengers and the aircraft.
Maintenance Manager
Intze Laura is the nominated postholder acceptable to the Authority responsible for
the management and the supervision of the maintenance system. She is responsible for the
definition, development and implementation of the maintenance procedures in accordance with
the maintenance policy as described in the Maintenance Management Exposition.
She is responsible for the airworthiness of each aircraft and she must ensure that all
aircraft under the terms of operators AOC are maintained in compliance with requirements of
PART 145.

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1.3:Responsibilitie and duties of operations management personnel
Flight Operations Manager
Gheorgiu Andrei is the nominated postholder acceptable to the Authority responsible for
the management and supervision of the flight operations. Kartigean Aureliu holds a valid Airline
Transport Pilot License validated by AACR.
Gheorgiu Andrei reports directly to the Ispirescu Ionut . He is responsibility to ensure
that in developing a company plan, full recognition is given to the need for safe and efficient
operations and he ensures that every flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions
of the Operations Manual and that aircraft are equipped and pilots are qualified, as
required for the area and type of operation. He is the executive responsible for the development
and implementation of the flight operations policies and for direct supervision of the line
operations on the fleet. This involves implementing and maintaining whatever procedures
necessary to ensure the smooth operation of the fleet. Particularly he determines all flight
operational standards and practices. He is responsible for editing the Operations Manual and
ensuring that it is kept up to date.
Chief Pilot
The Chief Pilot (Sorinescu Eugen) is responsible to the Flight Operations Manager for the
establishment of standards and the maintenance of discipline within the pilots group.
Sorinescu Eugen is also responsible for the establishment and supervision of methods of
pilots scheduling to ensure that each of them have the current licences and needed
qualifications, and that they are compliant with flight duty time and with rest time requirements
and that needs of training and checks are taken into account. He liaises with the Training
Manager on all flight crewtraining issues. He also assists the Flight Operations Manager in
establishing new policies and procedures for aircraft operations, new routes studies, flight
crew duties, cabin crew duties and operational administration.
Chief Pilot is also in charge:

To issues technical information to the pilots.

To liaise with maintenance/engineering and with flight ops engineering to ensure the
correct setting of the OEB reminder function and of the correct associated update of procedures
in QRH and FCOM and to follow the SB cancellation process.
Chief of Crew Scheduling
The Chief of Scheduling is The Chief Pilot (Sorinescu Eugen). He optimises pilot utilisation
and ensures that the pilots of all flights is in accordance with the operations policy manual
especially with flight duty time limitations, minimum rest time, licences and qualifications
validities. He liaises with the Training Manager for all pilot checks and training.

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Training Manager
Kartigean Aureliu is the nominated postholder acceptable to the Authority responsible
for the management and the supervision of the crew training. He has a thorough knowledge of
the AOC holders crew training concept for the pilots and for cabin crew when relevant. He is
in charge of organising and completing the training necessary for the crews to acquire
and maintain their legal licenses and qualifications and to adequately perform their assigned
duties.
In cooperation with the respective Chief Pilot and Obeidat Ramal (Flight Safety
Manager), he monitors the operation and identifies problems or corrective actions that may
require the provision of extra training or changes in operational procedures.He ensures that the
training facilities and equipment fulfil the required specifications and approvals.
He plans all longterm pilot training activities and assesses the pilots training development
costs. He ensures that logistics organisation and commercial agreements are well in place for
each training.
He is also the Emergency and safety equipment Management Instructor is suitably
qualified.
The Flight Operations Engineer
Mark Seifer the Flight Operations Engineer ensures that

Crew operating procedures are well defined and documented

Operations comply with the performance of the aircraft and with airlines fuel policy,

Operational documentations and databases are well updated.

Airports are adequate

Navigation procedures can be operated in accordance with the aircraft capabilities

Diversion routes and drift down procedures/trajectories have been studied

Tools used at the flight dispatch are correctly set: Aircraft weight, aircraft
performance, fuel consumption, operated route.
He interfaces with the aircraft manufacturers on all aircraft performance and operating
procedure issues.
He ensures that the pilot's operating manuals are correctly updated in function of the
equipments and systems fit on the aircraft.
He participates to the MELs definition and to their updating.
He is in charge of all aircraft performance:

Payload analysis

Takeoff charts (RTOW)

Aircraft Performance Monitoring

Fuel consumption survey

He studies airport or enroute procedures.
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He ensures also that

Runway/obstacles data used for takeoff and landing computation are correctly
updated and valid.

Needed takeoff and landing computations are updated and available on board the aircraft

The setting of flight planning system used by the flight dispatch is correctly set.

Aircraft weight and Load & Trim sheet are correctly defined.
He defines routes and alternates for each city pairs.
He studies associated required fuel and possible payload.
He ensures that airports are adequate.
He reviews any enroute and any arrival/departure procedures.
Part of the Flight Ops activity is also to provide an operational assistance to the pilots
through the Flight Dispatch and OCC.
Flight Ops documentation
Flight Operations Engineer is in charge to update operational manuals and software, he is
the most qualified and informed to check that documentation, operational notice and software
used to prepare and performed the flight:

Have been correctly updated

Can be easily used by the crew and flight dispatchers without confusion
Operations Control Centre
Flight Watch Officer
Boroiom Alina (The Flight Watch Officer) follows the progress of each flight in real time
and assist the crew. He transmits operational information (such as weather forecasts, slot) to the
flight crew and uploads updated flight plan, route or winds). He informs the Flight Coordinator
of any information concerning delay or technical problems.
Flight Coordinator
Boroiom Alina (The Flight Coordinator) is the chief on duty of the Operations Control
Center (OCC). The Flight Coordinator ensures the coordination with other departments in case of
delay or technical problem and thus makes the link with the flight operations, the Ground
Operations, the Maintenance and the Commercial department. He must ensure that
decisions taken to solve an operational problem ensure first the safety of the flight and secondly
penalize the less possible the operations and the associated flights.

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SMS Manager
The function of the Manager of the Safety Management System is to

Ensure that Airlines programmes are in place to identify hazards

Ensure that remedial actions necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is

implemented

Provide the Airline top management with reliable safety indicators to ensure a
continuous monitoring of the Airline safety level.

Aim at continuously improve the overall level of Safety

Depending on the size of the Airlines the SMS function is held by:
A senior manager having no other management responsibility, or
The Safety Manager, or
The Quality Manager (refer to EUOPS1).

Safety Manager
The Safety Manager reports directly to the Accountable Manager on safety matters. The
Safety Manager is in charge to:

Implement and maintain an accident prevention and flight safety programme

Discovery safety hazards and to assess their risk.

Inform the relevant manager(s) responsible for the process(es) concerned. The latter are
accountable for taking appropriate and practicable safety action within a reasonable period of
time that reflects the severity of the issue.
Compliance Monitoring (Quality) Manager
The Compliance Monitoring (Quality) Manager is in charge of:

Implementing a Compliance Monitoring System, which includes an

Audits/Inspections programme

Checking the compliance with:

o
Regulatory requirements
o
Airline standards
o
Procedures required to ensure safe operational practices and airworthy aircraft

Requesting remedial actions

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1.4:Authority, Duties and resposibilites of the Pilot
Since every helicopter has only a pilot and no other crew member the pilot has to comply
with all the duties necessary for a safe flight.
The Pilot shall, whether manipulating the controls, be responsible for the operation of the
aircraft in accordance with the rules, methods and procedures prescribed in the Operations
Manual.
Because operational limitations require the exercise of operational judgement, the
authority for the release of all flights, in so far as operating conditions are concerned, is vested
exclusively in the Pilot.
The Pilot of each flight has authority to discharge all his statutory and company
responsibilities for the operation, the disposition and safety of the aircraft and the safety of all
persons on board. Nothing in the Operations Manual shall be construed as limiting or derogating
from this authority.
ORANOS S.R.L. ensures that:
1. a pilot who may be assigned to operate in the pilots seat completes appropriate training
and checking; and
2. the training and checking programme is specified in the Operations Manual and is
acceptable to the Authority.
Responsibilities
The pilot shall:

Be responsible for the safety of all passengers and cargo on board, as soon as he arrives
on board, until he leaves the aeroplane at the end of the flight;

Be responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft from the moment the aircraft is
first ready to move for the purpose of taxiing prior to takeoff until the moment it finally comes
to rest at the end of the flight and the engine(s) used as primary propulsion units are shut down.

Ensure that all passengers are briefed on the location of emergency exits and the
location and use of relevant safety and emergency equipment;

Ensure that all operational procedures and checklists are complied with, in
accordance with the Operations Manual;

Ensure that those parts of the Operations Manual which are required for the conduct
of flight are available;

Ensure that the weather forecast and reports for the proposed operating area and flight
duration indicate that the flight may be conducted without infringing Company operating
minima;

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Satisfy himself that the aircraft is airworthy and its configuration and equipment are in
accordance with the CDL and the MEL and decide whether or not to accept an aircraft with
items unserviceable allowed by the CDL or MEL;

Ensure that the provisions specified in the Operations Manual in respect of fuel, oil and
oxygen requirements, minimum safe altitudes, heliodromes operating minima and
availability of alternate heliodromes, where required, can be complied with for the planned
flight;

Ensure that fuel, oil and oxygen are loaded and usable in sufficient quantity to meet the
requirements for the proposed flight and that the type of fuel is correct;
Take all reasonable steps to ensure that the load is properly distributed and safely secured
and that the aircraft mass and balance is within the calculated limits for the operating
conditions;

Confirm that the aircraft performance will enable it to complete safely the proposed
flight;

Ensure that multiple occupancy of helicopter seats may only be allowed on specified
seats and does not occur other than by one adult and one infant who is properly secured by a
supplementary loop belt or other restraint device.

Take all reasonable steps to ensure that whenever the aircraft is taking off or landing, or
whenever he considers it advisable all passengers are properly secured in their seats, and all
cabin baggage is stowed in the approved stowage;

Ensure that the required documents and manuals are carried and will remain valid
throughout the flight or series of flights including for any diversion which may reasonably be
expected;

Ensure that current maps, charts and associated documents or equivalent data are
available to cover the intended operation of the aircraft including any diversion which may
reasonably be expected. This shall include any conversion tables necessary to support
operations where metric heights, altitudes and flight levels must be used

Ensure that the preflight inspection has been carried out;

Ensure that ground facilities and services required for the planned flight are
available and adequate;

Ensure that in an emergency situation that requires immediate decision and action, he
may deviate from rules, operational procedures and methods to take any action he considers
necessary under the circumstances in the interest of safety;

Ensure that a continuous listening watch is maintained on the appropriate radio

communication frequencies at all times ;

Ensure that the journey log is completed;

Ensure that relevant emergency equipment remains easily accessible for immediate use.

Ensure that no person on board is allowed to smoke

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The Pilot shall not perform duties on an aeroplane:

While under the influence of any drug that may affect his faculties in a manner contrary
to safety;

Until a reasonable time period has elapsed after deep water diving; Following blood
donation except when a reasonable time period has elapsed;

If he is in any doubt of being able to accomplish his assigned duties; or

If he knows or suspects that he is suffering from fatigue, or feels unfit to the extent that
the flight may be endangered.

A pilot shall be subject to appropriate requirements on the consumption of alcohol which

shall be established by the operator and acceptable by the Authority, and which shall not be less
restrictive than the following:

No alcohol shall be consumed less than eight hours prior to the specified reporting time
for flight duty or the commencement of standby;

The blood alcohol level shall not exceed 0,2 promille at the start of a flight duty period;

No alcohol shall be consumed during the flight duty period or whilst on standby.
It is the specific responsibility of the Pilot:

Operate company aircraft safely, economically and punctually in accordance with the
Operations Manual;

Maintain familiarity with relevant air legislation, provisions of the Operations;

Manual and agreed aviation practices and procedures necessary to fulfil his function.

To prepare the Operational Flight Plan and, when necessary, file the Air Traffic
Services Flight Plan with the appropriate Authority, if these tasks cannot be performed
by the Flight Dispatch.

To confirm the safe navigation of the aircraft, maintaining a continuous and

independent check upon both the geographical position of the aircraft and its safe terrain
clearance.

The pilot must inform passengers on emergency and safety procedures during all phases
of the flight and manage procedures following an emergency in accordance with the Operations
Manual .
Each Pilot shall:

Ensure the respect of Fasten seat belt and No smoking signs.

Ensure the comfort and safety of the passengers.

Ensure the passengers safely escape in an emergency evacuation.

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Authority
The Pilot:

Have authority to give all commands he deems necessary for the purpose of securing the
safety of the aircraft and of persons or property carried therein, and all persons carried in the
aircraft shall obey such commands;

Have authority to disembark any person, or any part of the cargo, which in his
opinion, may represent a potential hazard to the safety of the aircraft or its occupants;

Shall not allow a person to be carried in the aircraft who appears to be under the
influence of alcohol or drugs to the extent that the safety of the aircraft or its occupants is likely
to be endangered;

Have the right to refuse transportation of inadmissible passengers, deportees or

persons in custody if their carriage poses any risk to the safety of the aircraft or its
occupants;

Shall not permit a flight data recorder to be disabled, switched off or erased during flight
nor permit recorded data to be erased after flight in the event of an accident or an incident subject
to mandatory reporting;

Shall not permit a cockpit voice recorder to be disabled or switched off during flight
unless he believes that the recorded data, which otherwise would be erased automatically, should
be preserved for incident or accident investigation nor permit recorded data to be manually
erased during or after flight in the event of an accident or incident subject to mandatory
reporting;

All lawful commands given by the commander for the purpose of securing the safety of
the aeroplane and of persons or property carried therein must be obeyed by all persons
carried in the aeroplane.

The Pilot has the authority to apply greater safety margins, including airport operating
minima, if he deems it necessary.

The pilot is responsible for the proper execution of his duties that: (1) Are related to the
safety of the aircraft and its occupants; and specified in the instructions and procedures laid
down in the OperationsManual.

The proper execution of any flight operations plan demands constant

vigilance, crosschecking and sharing of information.

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Chapter 10.

SECURITY

10.1 Securiy Instructions and guidance

Identification cards
Each employee must wear the airline identification card (ID card) issued for the duration
of his duty.
ID card must not be lent or disposed of in any manner. If the card is lost it must be
immediately reported to Administration Manager or Station Manager, as appropriate, and a
replacement card obtained. The identification card is to be worn in a visible position at all times
when on duty or when entering areas requiring the wearing of ID card.
Pilot baggage security
All pilot's baggage should normally carry an identification label giving full name and rank.
Pilots must not leave their baggage unattended at any time.
Pilots must not accept for carriage sealed parcels from third parties. Any sealed package
belonging to a pilot shall at all times be carried by the pilot concerned onto the aircraft
personally and shall not be entrusted to any other person.
The individual pilot is responsible for the handling and security of his personal baggage.
Adherence to the following procedures is required:

Keep your bags locked when you are not using them.

Maintain security of your entire carryon bag.

Before leaving hotel, make sure all items in your bags belong to you and have not been
tampered with.

Keep your bags in view at all times in public areas such as lobbies, boarding lounges,
restaurant, restrooms, hotel or terminal buildings.

Never accept anything for carriage, including letters or envelopes, given by strangers,
fellow employees or acquaintances.
Disorderly passengers
General
Individual passengers or groups of passengers with the potential to behave in a disorderly
manner generally fall into the following categories;
Apparently intoxicated or under the influence of drugs or alcohol to the extent of physical
incompetence;

engage in disorderly or offensive conduct to the discomfort or distress of other

passengers and flight attendants;
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are violent to the extent that there is a possibility of injuries to passengers or flight
attendants or damage to the aircraft;

are apparently of unsound mind;

are known or suspected of being in possession of firearms;

fail to adhere to instructions by Company personnel

Airport/Heliport handling
Airport/Heliport staff will prevent the boarding of any passengers or group of passengers
whose behaviour displays the above characteristics.
Ground personnel observing disorderly conduct, in accordance with the above
characteristics, during embarkation will immediately advise the appropriate airport staff and the
commander. If necessary, the offending passenger(s) is to be disembarked. Assistance from
airport police or security staff should be enlisted, if required.
In flight
The handling of disorderly passengers in flight is at the discretion of the pilot.
This discretionary action could of the pilot is talking to the disorderly passenger(s).
After landing
In case of a serious incident with disorderly passenger(s) the pilot will request airport
police, or security staff, to meet the aircraft on arrival and, if necessary, charge the passenger(s)
with an offence.
Reporting procedure
In the situation where a passenger(s) is denied embarkation or behaves in a disorderly
manner in flight, a written report is to be submitted by the commander. A report from an
independent nonCompany witness should accompany the report.
Such report should be forwarded to the Flight Operations Manager as soon as possible.
Bomb or sabotage threats
General
It is important that all staff develop a "security conscious" approach with respect to the
company aircraft and other assets. All pilots should be vigilant in ensuring that unauthorised
persons are denied access to aircraft and areas where there is the potential for sabotage or
damage.
Bomb and other sabotage threats
Threats against an aircraft or a particular flight number are usually received by the local
Civil Aviation Authority, Company or handling agent/airline office. Bomb threat calls will be
evaluated, by appropriate personnel, as either genuine or hoax.
It is company policy that appropriate procedures be immediately implemented for bomb
threats assessed as genuine until it is assessed that the threat is in fact a hoax, or does not present

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any further danger. Threats which may involve a number of flights, carriers, or other vague
information, indicating a high probability of the threat being a hoax, normally require no action.
The treatment of bomb or sabotage threats varies from country to country both with
respect to the handling of the aircraft after landing and in the subsequent investigation of the
threat by local authorities.
The pilot of the aircraft will be advised of the receipt of any genuine threat against the
aircraft. The situation is to be treated as an emergency in accordance with the following.
Aircraft is on the ground
Make the following PA announcement:
"Ladies and gentlemen this is The Pilot ...speaking. I regret to advise that there will be an
interruption to this flight. We have received a message that an explosive material may have been
loaded on to the aircraft. In the interest of your safety we are going to make a thorough search of
the aircraft. Instead of taking off, we shall taxi the aircraft to a suitable area. Ground personnel
will supervise your disembarkation and accompany you to a safe position. Arrangements for
your comfort while the aircraft is being searched will be advised after disembarkation";

Disembark the passengers either at the gate or at a suitable area nominated by ATC.

In a controlled disembarkation, passengers and pilot should take all cabin baggage; this
requirement should be reflected in a PA announcement of the pilot;

Ground personnel will be responsible for moving passengers to a safe location.

Aircraft is in flight

Immediately proceed to the nearest suitable airport/heliport;

Advise the nature of the treat against the aircraft with ATC personnel

Make the following PA announcement:

"Ladies and gentlemen this is Captain.....speaking we have been advised by Air Traffic
Control that the safety of the aircraft may have been compromised. In the interests of your safety
we are returning to.....airport/heliprt (or diverting to.....airport) and I will give you more details
after landing";

After landing make the following PA announcements;

"Ladies and gentlemen this is Captain......speaking. I regret to advise that we have
received a message that an explosive material may have been loaded on to the aircraft. In
the interest of your safety we are going to make a thorough search of the aircraft. The Ground
personnel will supervise your disembarkation and accompany
you to a safe position. Arrangements for your comfort while the aircraft is being
searched will be advised after disembarkation";

If an immediate evacuation appears warranted order an emergency evacuation

immediately the aircraft has been brought to a stop after landing;

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In the event that an immediate evacuation is not considered necessary, disembark the
passengers either at a gate or at a suitable area nominated by ATC.

in a controlled disembarkation passengers and crew should take all cabin baggage; this
requirement should be reflected in a PA announcement by the pilot;

ground personnel will be responsible for moving passengers to a safe location.

Located bomb on board
If a bomb is located in the aircraft, in complement of the previous procedures, the FCOM
procedure "Bomb on board" must be applied.
Hijacking/unlawful seizure of an aircraft
General
As the circumstances surrounding a hijacking/unlawful seizure of an aircraft are highly
variable it is not possible to provide specific information to the pilot. However, the safety of the
aircraft and its occupants must be the paramount consideration and any occurrence must be dealt
with in accordance with the pilot's judgement of the prevailing circumstances.
Unlawful seizure or interference with an aircraft in service is a crime wherever it occurs
and as such will be dealt with by the police or security forces in the same manner as any crime of
violence. Pilots should anticipate that the police or security forces who have the necessary
powers of arrest and entry on premises and property without warrant, will begin to exercise their
powers and their authority to control the future course of events as soon as the incident is
reported. The responsibility of the pilot begins to diminish at this point and he becomes
subject to the instructions of the relevant authorities.
Until this point is reached, the pilot is solely in command and his actions should be
conditioned by the requirements of the hijacker in a manner which does not exacerbate the
situation or increase risks to the passengers and crew.
It is the pilot's responsibility to adhere to the lawful instructions of the police or security
forces to the extent that he considers this to be consistent with the safety of the passengers and
crew.
Hijacker profile
Some hijackers may harbour a desire to die under spectacular circumstances. They may
seem to be confused. They may fail or refuse to name a destination or persist in ordering the
flight to a destination that it is impossible to reach. They may create highly unstable situations,
changing orders as the flight progresses.

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The pilot should attempt to determine the hijacker's intended destination. A hijacker with
no firm destination or a clearly impossible destination in mind may be considering suicide. This
person creates a highrisk situation. A hijacker with a firm, reasonable destination in mind
probably creates a situation of less immediate risk.
Guidelines in dealing with hijackers
If information is received that a suspected or declared hijacker is on board before takeoff,
the aircraft should be returned to the terminal. The pilot will not attempt to evaluate or search
suspicious persons.
If the hijacker(s) is in the cockpit, crew should endeavour to communicate the situation to
ATC. Generally, hijackers are aware of the need for communication although they may be
suspicious and demand that communications are monitored. He should be informed that no
resistance will be offered, although he should be instructed not to touch any aircraft controls,
systems or instruments.
If the hijacker(s) requests are unreasonable and will place the flight in danger the
consequences of such actions should be explained in a manner which does not aggravate the
situation.
Full account should be taken of the probability of the hijacker(s) being in a highly
emotional state of mind. Pilots are advised to refrain from unnecessary conversation or actions
which may irritate the hijacker(s).
The Pilot should endeavour to land the aircraft using the pretext of fuel, weather, etc., as a
reason.
It is important to try and establish that the hijacker(s) does in fact have a weapon. Some
hijacking have been attempted without a weapon.
Crew members should not attempt to use force unless it is certain that such action will be
successful.
After landing the pilot should attempt to stall for time and try to negotiate the
disembarkation of the passengers and flight attendants.
Communication procedures
Where possible an attempt should be made to transmit to ATC a description of the
hijacking/unlawful seizure of the aircraft. ATC will maintain normal responses to the
aircraft without any reference to the emergency and will immediately activate the
appropriate emergency procedures.
When circumstances prevent clear and concise radio transmissions, if possible, the
following discrete communications message/procedure may be used.

VHF communication is set up as follows:

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Oranos
The pilot:
ensure the pilot's speaker is off.
use his headset
monitor emergency frequency 121.5 on N2 transceiver

Discrete code transponder is set as follows:

Situation
Signal Cover Message
- Aircraft being hijacked or subjected to unlawful interference.
Transponder to code
7500 "Transponder seven five zero zero"
- In the air, when the situation is grave and immediate assistance is required.
Transponder
to code
7700 "Transponder seven seven zero zero"
A pilot, having selected Code 7500 and subsequently requested to confirm this code by
ATC shall, according to circumstances, either confirm this or not reply at all. The absence of a
reply from the pilot will be taken by ATC as an indication that the use of Code 7500 is not due to
an inadvertent false code selection.
Preventive security measures and Training
In order to prevent hijacking and sabotage a set of precautionary measures has been
established which can be varied according to the actual threat situation by decision of the
Company in cooperation with the local police authority.
Confidential information pertaining to security measures in force at stations can be
obtained from the Flight Operations Manager or the Security Manager.
The Pilot may require stronger precautionary measures than generally prescribed for a
station if the actual situations so warrant. Special impromptu measures, however, decided by
the pilot should always be discussed with the responsible station personnel prior to
enforcing them. The pilot shall offer his advice and cooperation to the best possible extent.
Each pilot is responsible for his luggage. Luggage that has been left unattended
shall be rechecked by the respective pilot prior to being loaded on board the aeroplane.
In the event of the company being informed of critical political situations by the authority
of the State and where an aircraft is parked outside during night stop, then special security
measures shall be undertaken. The safety officer and/or station manager will inform the pilot
accordingly.
Generally the helicopter must be sealed using the procedures given in the OM Part B
during night stops and/or when the helicopter is parked unattended.
The company has established training programs for relevant personnel. They cover the
prevention of acts of useful interference or seizure of aeroplanes/helicopters and are detailed in
the OM Part D, 2.3.2.
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