3 8 2 4 b 7 7 0038475 7 8 2
Gas ProcessorsAssociatlon
6526 East 60th Street
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Disclaimer ........................................................................................
ii
Foreword .........................................................................................
ii
.2
..........................................
.5
10
...............................................
14
17
.20
......................................
ASTM D-2713-91: Dryness of Propane (Valve Freeze Method). ...........................................
Propylene Concentrates by Gas Chromatography.
Note:
.24
.29
.31
37
.50
ASTM test methods included in this publication have been adopted by GPA, and are included through a
right-to-reprint agreement with, and by special permission of, the American Society of Testing and
Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
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DISCLAIMER
GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by anyone desiring to do so.
Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and reliability of the information contained in its publications. With
respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. It is not the intent of
GPA to assume the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train employees, or others
exposed, concerning health and safety risks or precautions.
GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly
disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting ffom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or
municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for any infringement of letters of patent regarding
apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.
FOREWORD
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These specifications generally define physical properties and characteristics of liquefied petroleum gases (LP-Gas)
which make them suitable for private, commercial, or industrial applications. These specifications do not purport to
specifically define all possible requirements to meet all possible applications. Therefore the user is cautioned to exercise
judgement informulating final specijications for specific applications.
The Gas Processors Association, its management, and supporting companies claim no specific knowledge of how
manufacturers and users will produce, handle, store, transfer or consume the products defined herein and therefore, are not
responsible for any claims, causes of action, liabilities, losses or expenses resulting from injury or death of persons and/or
damage to property arising directly or indirectly from the use of LP-Gas or these specifications relating to LP-Gas.
LP-gases are composed of hydrocarbon compounds, predominately propane and butane, produced during the
processing of natural gas and also in the conventional processing of crude oil. The composition of LP-gases may vary
depending on the source and the ratios of propane and butane content. They exist as gases at atmospheric pressure and
ambient temperatures, but are readily liquefied under moderate pressures for transportation and utilization
There are many uses for LP-gases, the major ones being as (1) petrochemical, synthetic rubber, and motor gasoline
feedstocks, and as (2) commercial, domestic and industrial fuel. The following may be accepted as a general guide for the
common uses for the four fuel types covered by these specifications:
Commercial Propane is the preferred fuel type for domestic, commercial and industrial fuels. It is also a suitable fuel
for low severity internal combustion engines.
Commercial Butane is used principally as feedstock for petrochemicals, synthetic rubber, and as blending stocks or
feedstocks in the manufacture of motor gasolines. Its use as a fuel is generally limited to industrial applications where
vaporization problems are not encountered; however, small quantities are used as domestic fuel.
Commercial Butane-Propane Mixtures cover a broad range of mixtures, which permits the tailoring of fuels or
feedstocks to specific needs.
Propane HD-5 is less variable in composition and combustion characteristics than other products covered by these
specifications. It is also suitable as a fuel for internal combustion engines operating at moderate to high engine severity.
Additional Considerations
Odorization
For certain applications including, but not limited to, use of LP-gas for residential and commercial fuels, users of LPgas should be aware of additional requirements of other standards, principally NFPA 58 "Storage and Handling of Liquefied
Petroleum Gases"(1) and other regulations (2). NFPA 58 has been adopted widely by local, state and other regulatory bodies
in the form of laws, ordinances, or regulations governing the safe storage, transportation, and use of LP-gas as fuels.
Among other requirements, NFPA 58 (Sec. 14.1.1) stipulates that LP-gases "be odorized by the addition of a warning
agent of such character that they are detectable, by a distinct odor, down to a concentration in air of not over one-fifth the
lower limit of flammability". NFPA notes that "ethyl mercaptan in the ratio of 1.0 Ib. per 10,OOO gallon of liquid LP-Gas has
been recognized as an effective odorant. Other odorants and quantities meeting the requirements of 1-4.1.1 may be used.
Research on odorants has shown that thiophane in a ratio of at least 6.4 lbs. per 10,OOO gallon of liquid LP-Gas may satisfy
the requirements of 1-4.1.".
Ammonia
NFPA 58 also states that LP-gas stored or used in systems within the scope of this standard "shall not contain
ammonia". Although ammonia is not a naturally occurring contaminant of LP-gas, certain industry practices, including the
dual use of transportation or storage equipment, may inadvertently result in contamination of LP-gas by ammonia. When
such a possibility exists, users should test for the presence of ammonia in propane and take appropriate means to eliminate
ammonia from the system, since such contamination may cause stress corrosion cracking of copper bearing alloys in the
distribution system.
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S T D - G P A S T D 21'4O-ENGL
1777
= 3824b77
0018478 b7L 9
Fluorides
Sulfur Compounds
Sulfur compounds such as elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide may be naturally occurring
contaminates of natural gas from which LP-gas is derived. The Copper Snip Corrosion Test (ASTM D-1838) and the Total
Sulfur Test (ASTM D-2784) assure limitation of objectionable sulfur compounds to prevent corrosion of equipment
containing brass fittings and copper tubing. However this test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum gases
containing corrosion inhibitors or any other agents which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip.
Methanol
There is a possibility that a small amount of methanol may be present in LP-Gas. If methanol is present, ASTM D2713. "Standard Test Method for Dryness of Propane-Valve Freeze Method" is not applicable for determining the dryness
of propane type products.
Residual
LP-gas as produced is normally free of residual matter, which includes those heavier hydrocarbons boiling above
100 OF, including any solid foreign materials. If residuals are present as shown by ASTM D-2158, "Standard Test Method
for Residues in LP-Gas", and are in excess of the amount allowed by these specifications,such material may cause improper
operation of regulators, vaporizers, or combustion apparatus.
(1) NFPA 58 "Storage and Handling Liquefied Petroleum Gases''-National
Park, Quincy, MA 02269
(2) Code of Federal Regulations, CFR 49:173.315@)(1)
...
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Certain refining processes can, during process upset or malfunction, result in contamination of LP-gas by fluoride
compounds. Such contamination can be extremely destructive in the distribution and end user system. In addition, the
combustion products of fluorides can cause physical damage to property and personal health. Similarly, fluorocarbons,such
as certain refrigerants, can contaminate gas through dual use of storage or tankage facilities. Such contamination is rare but,
if the possibility exists, users of LP-gas should take extreme precautions to insure the absence of fluorides.
S T D - G P A S T D Z L q O - E N G L 1997
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1777 W 3824b77 O O L B C O O 0 7 T
1. Scope
5. General Information
5.1 Considerable effort is required to obtain a representative sample, especially if the material being sampled is a
mixture of liquefied petroleum gases. The following factors
must be considered:
5. I. 1 Obtain samples of the liquid phase only.
5 . I .2 When it is definitely known that the material being
sampled is composed predominantly of only one liquefied
petroleum gas, a liquid sample may be taken from any part
of the vessel.
5.1.3 When the material being sampled has been agitated
until uniformity is assured, a liquid sample may be taken
from any part of the vessel.
5.1.4 Because of wide variation in the construction details
of containers for liquefied petroleum gases, it is difficult to
spec$ a uniform method for obtaining representative samples of heterogeneous mixtures. If it is not practicable to
agitate a mixture for homogeneity, obtain liquid samples by
a procedure which has been agreed upon by the contracting
parties.
5.1.5 Directions for sampling cannot be made explicit
enough to cover ail cases. They must be supplemented by
judgment, skill, and sampling experience. Extreme care and
good judgment are necessary to ensure samples which
represent the general character and average condition of the
material. Because of the hazards involved, liquefied petroleum gases should be sampled by, or under the supervision
of, persons familiar with the necessary safety precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D 2 163 Test Method for Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum
(LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas
Chromatography
D 3700 Practice for Containing Hydrocarbon Fluid Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder3
3. Summary of Practice
6. Apparatus
6.1 Sample Container-Use metai sample containers of a
type that ensures maximum safety and are resistant to
corrosion by the product being sampled. A suitable material
is stainless steel. The size of the container depends upon the
amount of sample required for the laboratory tests to be
made. The sample container should be fitted with an internal
outage (ullage) tube to permit release of 20 95 of the
container capacity. The end of the container fitted with the
outage (ullage) tube shall be clearly marked. Typical sample
containers are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. If the container is to be
transported, it must often conform to specifications pubfished in Tariff No. 10, I.C.C.Regulations for Transportation of Explosives and Other Dangerous Articles, its supplements, or reissues.
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S T D - G P A S T D 2140-ENGL 1777
382qb77 0018501 T u b
(m D1265
VALVE
OUTAGE
(UIlAGE)TBE
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INLET
VALVEC
SOURCE
SAMPUNO VALVE
Ht
u
VEKi
VALVE B
OUTAGE
VALVE A
(UiiAGE)TUBE
VALVE D
FIG. 2
3
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9. Transfer of Sample
9.1 Position the sample container securely in an upright
position with outlet valve D at the top (Fig. 1) and both
valves C and D closed.
9.1.1 Close vent valve B, open the control valve A, open
inlet valve C, and fill container with the sample. Close inlet
valve C and the valve at the product source. Open vent valve
B. After the pressure is fully reduced, disconnect sample
container from the transfer line. Discard the sample if a leak
develops or if either valve is opened during subsequent
handling of the sample container before performing the
outage (ullage) operations outlined in section 10.
PROCEDURE
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The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid@ of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil@.
This standard is subject to revision ai any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments bave not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. 1916 Race S., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
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S T D - G P A S T D 2340-ENGL
Designation: D 1267 - 95
An American N a t i l Standard
1. Scope
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition:
3.1. I vapor pressure-the pressure exerted by the vapor of
a liquid when in equilibrium with the liquid.
3.2 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 liquejied petroleum gases-narrow boiling range
hydrocarbon mixtures consisting chiefly of propane or
propylene, or both, (Warning-see Note i ) butanes and
butylenes, or both, in which the content of hydrocarbon
compounds of higher boiling point than 0C (32F) is less
than 5 % by liquid volume, and whose gage vapor pressure at
37.8"C (100F) is not greater than approximately 1550 kPa
(225 psi).
NOTE 1 : Warning-Extremely
5
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8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 If the apparatus has been used for testing products
other than the type of product to be tested, disassemble,
clean thoroughly, and purge the parts in a stream of dry air.
8.2 Assemble the apparatus with the inlet valve of the
lower chamber open, the straight-through valve between the
two chambers open, the bleeder valve closed, and with the
proper range pressure gage attached.
9. Procedure
9.1 Safe means for the disposal of vapors and liquids
during this operation and in the subsequent sampling
operation must be provided.
9.2 Purging-With the assembled apparatus in an upright
position, connect the inlet valve of the lower chamber to the
sample source with the sampling connection (7.2). Open the
sample source valve to the apparatus. Cautiously open the
bleeder valve on the upper chamber, permitting the air or
vapors, or both, in the apparatus to escape until the
apparatus is full of liquid. Close the lower chamber inlet
valve and open the bleeder valve to its wide.open position.
Allow the contained liquid to evaporate until the apparatus
is covered with white frost (may require more than one
chilling), then invert the assembly, and expel any residual
material through the bleeder valve. Allow the residual vapors
to escape until the pressure in the apparatus is essentially
atmospheric, then close the bleeder valve.
9.3 Sampling-Return the apparatus, now containing
only vapors, to its normal upright position and open the inlet
valve. As soon as the apparatus attains essentially the same
pressure as the pressure of the sample source, momentarily
open the bleeder valve. If liquid does not promptly emerge,
repeat the purging step (9.2). If liquid appears immediately,
close the bleeder and inlet valves in that order (Note 2).
Close the valve on the sample source, and disconnect the
sampling line. Immediately close the straight-through valve
between the two chambers and open the inlet valve, with the
apparatus in an upright position. Close the inlet valve as
soon as no more liquid escapes, and immediately open the
straight-through valve (Note i).
NOTE 2-Transfer of the sample is facilitated by chilling the appa-
10. Calculation
i O. i Correct the Uncorrected LP-Gas Vapor Pressure for
gage errors.
10.2 Convert the corrected vapor pressure = (test gage
reading)
(gage correction) as calculated in 9.4.3 to a
standard barometric pressure of 760 mm (29.92 in.) Hg by
means of the following equation:
10.2.i LP-gas vapor pressure
= corrected vapor pressure, kPa - (760 - P i )0.1333
(1)
= corrected vapor pressure, psi - (760 - P i )0.0193
(2)
where:
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S T D - G P A S T D 2L40-ENGL 1777
D 1267
PI = observed barometric pressure, mm Hg.
10.2.2 LP-gas vapor pressure
(3)
(4)
where:
(5)
(6)
(7)
11. Report
11.1 Report the LP-Gas vapor pressure test results in
terms of kilopascals to the nearest 5 kPa or pounds per
square inch, gage, to the half unit, and the test temperature.
under constant operating conditions on identical test materials would in the normal and correct operation of the test
method, exceed the following value only in one case in
twenty:
12 kPa ( 1.8 psi)
12.1.2 Reproducibility-The
difference between two
single and independent results obtained by different operators working in different laboratories on identical test material would in the long run, in the normal and correct
operation of the test method, exceed the following value only
in one case in twenty:
19 kPa (2.8 psi)
12.2 Bias-The procedure in Test Method D 1267 for
measuring vapor pressure has no bias because the value of
vapor pressure is defined only in terms of this test method.
13. Keywords
13.1 natural gas liquids; liquified petroleum gases; vapor
pressure
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
Al. 1 Vapor Pressure Apparatus, consisting of two chambers, designated as the upper and lower chambers, shall
conform to the following requirements. To maintain the
correct volume ratio between the upper and lower chambers,
the units shall not be interchanged without recalibrating to
ascertain that the volume ratio is within satisfactory limits.
A 1.1.1 Upper Chamber-This chamber, as shown in Fig.
Al.1 (c), shall be a cylindrical vessel 51 f 3 mm (2 k in.)
in diameter and 254 f 3 mm ( I O t l/8 in.) in length, inside
dimensions, with the inner surfaces of the ends slightly
sloped to provide complete drainage from either end when
held in a vertical position. On one end of the chamber, a
suitable bleeder-valve coupling (Fig. Al.l (e)) shall be
provided to receive the bleeder-valve assembly and the
pressure gage. In the other end of the chamber an opening
approximately 13 mm ( V 2 in.) in diameter shall be provided
for coupling with the lower chamber. Care shall be taken that
the connections to the end openings do not prevent the
chamber from draining completely.
A 1.1.2 Bleeder- Valve Assembly-The bleeder-valve for
purging the apparatus (Fig. Al.l) (d)) shall be a normal 6
mm (V4 in.) valve fitted into the side of the bleeder-valve
coupling (Fig. A I . 1 (e)). The lower end shall be threaded to
fit into the end fitting of the upper chamber, and the upper
end shall be threaded to receive the gage coupling (Fig. AI. 1
(h)).
A 1.1.3 Lower Chamber, 33V3 % (Fig. A l . 1 (b))-This
chamber shall be a cylindrical vessel of such a volume that
the ratio of the volume of the upper chamber to the volume
of the lower chamber is between the limits of 1.97 to 2.03
(Note A 1.2).
A1.1.5 Method of Coupling Upper und Lower Chambers-Any method of coupling the chambers can be employed provided the volumetric requirements are met and
that the assembly is free from leaks under the conditions of
the test.
A 1.1.6 Hydrostatic Test-The assembled chambers shall
be certified by the manufacturer to withstand approximately
6920 kPa (loo0 psi) gage hydrostatic pressure without
permanent deformation.
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D1267
'
1G
,
( S T R A I G H T - THROUGH VALVE)
PLINGI
VALVE
COUPLIPJG 1
L F( I N L E T
VALVE)
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FIG. A l . l
A I . 1.7 Checking for Freedom from Leaks-Before placing new apparatus in service, and as often as necessary thereafter, the assembled vapor pressure apparatus shall be
checked for freedom from leaks by filling it with air, natural
gas, nitrogen, or other similar gases, to 3460 kPa (500 psi)
gage pressure, and then completely immersing it in a water
bath. Only apparatus that will stand this test without leaking
shaii be used.
A 1.2 Pressure Gage-The pressure gage, shown in Fig.
A l . l (a), shall be a Bourdon-type spring gage of test gage
quality 114 to 140 mm (4% to 5% in.) in diameter provided
with a nominal 6 mm (V4 in.) male thread connection with a
passageway not less than 5 mm (Y16 in.) in diameter from the
Bourdon tube to the atmosphere. The range and graduations
of the pressure gage used shall be governed by the vapor
pressure of the sample being tested, as follows:
Gage to Be Used
Scale
Range,
kPa (psi)
O to 700
(100)
O to 1750
(250)
O to 3500
(500)
considered inaccurate.
A 1.3 Vapor Pressure Bath-The vapor pressure bath
(water) shall be of such dimensions that the vapor pressure
apparatus may be immersed so as to completely cover the
bleeder valve when the assembly is in an upright position.
Means for maintaining the bath at the test temperature (2. I )
within the range as follows: ( I ) Test temperature 50C
(122F) and below, +O.l"C (0.2"F); (2) Test temperature
above 50C (122'F), +0.3"C (0.5"F). In order to check the
bath temperatures, the appropriate bath thermometer shall
be immersed to the test temperature mark on the thermometer scale throughout the vapor pressure determination.
A 1.4 Thermometers-Only thermometers conforming to
specificationsin Specification E 1 or IP Standard Thennometer Specificationsshall be used. The range shall be governed
by the test temperature of the test being used as follows:
Test Temperature
ThermomThermometer
Range 'C
"C
eter No.
35 to 40
18C
34 to 42
50 to 80
65C
50 to 80
Numbered Intermediate
Intervals, Graduations,
kPa (psi) kPa (psi)
70 (IO)
"F
172 (25)
7 (I)
344 (50)
35 (5)
95
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"F
to 105
18F
94 to 108
125 to 175
65F
122 to 176
A 1.4.1 At other test temperatures a total immersion
thermometer shall be used having a range that brackets the
test temperature and a maximum scale error of O. 1C (0.2"F).
A 1.5 Dead- Weight Tester-A dead-weight tester of satisfactory range shall be provided as a means for checking the
accuracy of vapor pressure gages.
3.4 (0.5)
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~~
D 1267
A2. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT
A2.1.5 Avoid buildur, of vapors and eliminate all sources
A2.1.1
A2.1.2
A2.1.3
A2.1.4
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights. and the risk of infringement of such rights. are entirely their own responsibility.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible fechnical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
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4m
Designation: D 1657 - 89
reference temperatures in general use are 15'C and 60'F for both tl and
t2, but other temperatures may be employed for t,.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
relative density or density of light hydrocarbons including
liquefied petroleum gases (LPG).
1.2 The prescribed apparatus should not be used for
materials having vapor pressures higher than 1.4 MPa (1 4
bar) at the test temperature. (The SI unit of pressure is the
pascal: 1 Pa = 1 N/m2; lo5 Pa = 1 bar = 1.01972 k&cm2.)
6. Apparatus4
6.1 Thermohydrometers, made of glass, graduated in density with a range from 500 to 650 ks/m3, or in relative
density with a wide range from 0.500 to 0.650, and conforming to the dimensions given in Table 1.
6.2 Hydrometer Cylinder, constructed of giass or transparent plastic; for example, poly(methy1 methacrylate) or
equivalent material, conforming to the design and dimensions given in Fig. 1. The ends shall be tightly sealed with
neoprene gaskets and metal end plates as shown in Fig. 1.
6.2.1 Caution-A protective shield shall be placed around
the plastic or glass cylinder. Replace any cylinders that show
signs of fogging, crazing, cracking, or etching.
NOTE3-Certain compounds attack plastics and cloud the inner
2. Referenced Documents
6.2.2 The liquid inlet valve and the liquid outlet valve
shall be tightly connected to a base plate that shall be bored
to give both valves a common inlet to the cylinder. The
4Apparatus suitable for this test may be obtained from: EG&G Chandler
Engineering, 7707 E. 38th St., Tulsa, OK 74145; Peter Peterson Scientific
Glassblowing, Inc., 473 Elmira Rd., Guelph, Ontario NIK 1C2; and Refinery
Supply Co., Inc., 6901 E. 12th St., Tulsa, OK 741 12.
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TABLE 1
Thermohydrometer
For Petroleum Products and Other
Liquids of Similar Surface Tensions
i33 dvnes/cm or less)
Thermometer Scale in Body
ASTM Hydrometer No.
Nominal Relative
Density Range
1O1H-62
0.500 to 0.650
Hydrometer
Total length, mm
Body diameter, mm
Stem diameter min, mm
Working pressure min, psi
354 to 366
19 to 22
10.5
200
Hydrometer Scale
Standard temperature, O F
Subdivisions
Intermediate lines at
Main (numbered) lines at
Scale error at any point not to exceed
Length of nominal scale, rnm
60/60
0.001
0.005
0.01o
0.001
125 to 145
Thermometer Scale
30 to 90
total
1
5
10
0.5
Range, O F
Immersion
Subdivisions, O F
Intermediate lines at, O F
Main (numbered)lines at, OF
Scale error at any point not to exceed,
OF
Scale length, mm
50 to 70
LIOUID
INLET
Thermohydrometer (Pressure)
ASTM Hydrometer No.
Density Range,
kglm3
310H
500-650
VALVE
\I
:EDLE
'LET
Hydrometer
387
16 to 22
10.5
1400
Hvdrometer Scale
Standard temperature, O C
Subdivisions, kg/m3
Intermediate lines at, kg/m3
Main (numbered)lines at, kg/m3
Scale error at any point not to exceed,
kglm3
Length of nominal scale, mm
15
302-1
\.
__.-I
5
10
1
125 to 145
8. Sampling
8.1 The procedure for sampling for calibration of the
apparatus and for subsequent testing is described as follows:
8.1.1 Connect the source of supply of the liquid to be
tested to the inlet valve by suitable fittings so that a
representative sample can be introduced into the cylinder.
Ascertain that these connections are free of leaks. Open the
outlet valve and purge the sampling connections by opening
the inlet valve slightly, permitting the product to flow
through the outlet valve at the bottom of the cylinder.
8.1.2 When the connections have been purged, close the
outlet and vent valves and open the inlet valve, permitting
the liquid to enter the cylinder until it is full. If necessary, the
vent valve can be opened slightly to permit complete filling
of the cylinder and then closed. At no time shall the pressure
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Nominal length, mm
Body diameter, mm
Nominal stem diameter, mm
Working pressure, kPa
382Lib77 UOL85LU T L 7 U
S T D - G P A STD 2L40-ENGL 2 7 7 7
dm
D 1657
9. Calibration of Apparatus
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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The American Society lor Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entireiy their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19703.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
13
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[&
Designation: D 1837 - 94
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a measure of the relative purity of
the various types of liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and helps
to ensure suitable volatility performance. The test results,
when properly related to vapor pressure and density of the
product, can be used to indicate the presence of butane and
heavier components in propane type LP-gas, and pentane
and heavier components in propane-butane and butane type
fuels. The presence of hydrocarbon compounds less volatile
than those of which the LP-gas is primarily composed is
indicated by an increase in the 95 % evaporated temperature.
1.2 Chromatographic analysis should be used when the
concentration and type of higher boiling compounds must be
identified.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
0.0 to 0.1
0.1 to 0.3
0.3to 0.5
0.5to 1.0
1 .O to 3.0
3.0to 5.0
5.0to 25.0
25.0to 100.0
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.5
1 .o
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
1 .o
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.o
5. Apparatus
5.1 Weathering Tube-A centrifuge tube, cone-shaped,
conforming to the dimensions given in Fig. 1 and made of
thoroughly annealed heat-resistant glass.4 The shape of the
lower tip of the tube is especially important. The taper shail
be uniform and the bottom shall be rounded as shown in Fig.
1. The tubes shall comply in wall thickness to ASTM
centrifuge tube requirements (Note 1). The graduation
tolerances are given in Table 1.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
EITOT.mL
pled with a vapor pressure limit, it serves to ensure essentially singlecomponent products in the cases of commercial
propane and commercial butane fuel types. When volatility
is coupled with a vapor pressure limit which has been related
to gravity, as in the case of the commercial PB-mixture type
of fuels, the combination serves to assure essentially two
component mixtures for such fuels. When coupled with a
proper vapor pressure limit, this measurement serves to
assure that specialduty propane products will be composed
chiefly of propane and propylene and that propane will be
the major constituent.
2. Referenced Documents
Division. rnL
14
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DI837
TOLEWCE
3 m m (118 in.)
6. Procedure
6.1 Obtaining a Test Sample-Fiil the cooling vessel with
the precoolant so as to cover the cooling coil. Attach the inlet
of the cooling coil to the source from which the sample is to
be taken with a short line connection of 6.4 mm ( Y 4 in.) pipe
(or larger), having a sampling valve large enough to prevent
vaporization of the material due to the drop in pressure
across the valve seat. Purge the sampling line and cooling coil
by opening both the sampling valve and the 3.2 mm (118 in.)
needle valve on the downstream end of the cooling coil. Fi
the weathering tube with the sample flowing through the
cooling coil. Empty this first sample, add one or two grains
of charcoal, and then refill the weathering tube to the
100-mL mark with fresh liquid sample passing through the
cooling coil. Carefully inseri the precooled armored thermometer as low as possible into the centrifuge tube (Note 2).
Center the armored thermometer in the tube by means of a
slotted cork.
NOTE2-Do not remove the armor from the thennometer during
the test. Place the bottom of the armor as low in the centrifuge tube as it
will go, pipet in 5 mL of water, and observe the water level in the tube.
3.2 rnrn (118 in.) NEEDLE VALW
SAMPLE VALVE
-It
METAL OR GLASS
COOLING VESSEL
6.4m m (114in.)
MIN.INSIDE
DIAMETER
FIG. 1 Weatheringlube
i--1
64 rnm (2 l i 2 in.)
NOTE-The
FIG. 2
15
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Preceding Equipment
S T D - G P A STD 2 1 4 0 - E N G L 1997
D1837
Take the 5 I
residue readings at this same level with the armored
thermometer in the same position.
9. Keywords
9.1 butane; liquefied petroleum (LP) gases; propane;
LPG; volatility
7. Interpretation of Results
7.1 Correct the thermometer at the 95 9% boiling point
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no p i t i o n respecting the validity of any palen?rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly edvised that determination of the validity of any such
petent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
il not revised. either reepproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquaaers. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting Ot the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have no? received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 7916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
16
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4Tb
Designation: D 1838 - 91
1. Scope
1.1 This test method detects the presence of components
in liquefied petroleum gases which may be corrosive to
copper.
NOTE 1-For an equivalent copper strip test applicable to less
volatile petroleum products, see Test Method D 130.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion
from Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish
Test2
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers3
Needle Valve A
Neoprene O-Ring
Outage Tube
Mote rial:
1 5 2 . 4 mm
(6 i n . )
76.2 mm
( 3 in.)
6.4 m m Min.
(114 in.)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Corrosion Test Cylinder, constructed of stainless steel
with an O-ring removable top closure according to the
dimensions given in Fig. 1. Provide a flexible aluminum
connecting hose with swivel connections with adapter to a
/ 6.4 mm (1/4in.)
Needle Valve B
Metric Equivalents
mm
in.
mm
'/a
3.2
76
'14
6.4
6
152
in.
38.1
1 '/z
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6. Materials
6.1 Wash Solvenf-Use acetone or knock test grade
2.2.4 trimethylpentane.
NOTE2: Warning-Extremely flammable. See Annex A 1.
6.2 Copper Strip, 12.5 mm ( V 2 in.) wide, 1.5 to 3.0 mm
('116 to '/E in.) thick, cut 75 mm (3 in.) long from smoothsurfaced, hard-temper, cold-finished copper of 99.9+ percent
purity; electrical bus bar stock is generally suitable. Drill a
3.2 mm (I/8 in.) hole approximately 3.2 mm ('/8 in.) from one
end in the center of the strip. The strips can be used
repeatedly but should be discarded if the surfaces become
deformed.
6.3 Polishing Materials-Silicon carbide grit paper of
various degrees of fineness including 65-pm (24O-fit) paper
or cloth; also a supply of 105ym (150-mesh) silicon carbide
grain and pharmaceutical grade absorbent cotton (cotton
wool).
6.4 Copper Corrosion Standard Plaques are a~ailable.~
Their care and inspection for stability are described in detail
in Test Method D 130.
7. Preparation of Strips
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
8. Procedure
8.1 With valve B (Fig. i), open, place approximately 1 mL
of distilled water into a clean test cylinder and swirl to
moisten the walls; allow the remainder to drain from the
cylinder, insert the freshly polished copper strip suspended
from the hook on the dip tube making sure that the bottom
of the strip is at least 6.4 mm (1/4 in.) from the bottom of the
cylinder when assembled. After assembly of the apparatus,
close both valve A (Fig. i), on closure assembly with outage
tube, and valve B.
8.2 Holding the test cylinder upright so as not to wet the
copper strip with water, attach the sample source to the test
cylinder valve A (Fig. 1) by means of a short length of
flexible aluminum tubing that has been purged with the
sample. Admit some sample to the cylinder by opening the
valve at the sample source and then valve A.
8.3 Close valve A without disconnecting the test cylinder
from the sample source. Invert the test cylinder and open
valve B to purge the air from the test cylinder. Return the
test cylinder to the upright position and drain any residual
liquid through the open valve B. Close valve B with the test
cylinder now in its upright position, open valve A and fill the
test cylinder with the sample. When the test cylinder is full,
close valve A, the valve at the sample source, and disconnect
the aluminum tubing.
8.3.1 Warning-Safe means for the disposal of vapors and
liquids during this and subsequent procedures must be
provided.
8.4 As soon as the aluminum tubing is disconnected, and
with the cylinder in its upright position, open valve A slightly
so that all liquid above the end of the outage tube will be
removed from the test cylinder. When vapor first emerges
from valve A, close valve A.
8.5 Immediately after filling, immerse the test cylinder in
the water bath maintained at 37.8 f 0.5'C (100 f 1'F).
Ailow the cylinder to remain in the bath for 1 h f 5 min.
8.6 At the end of the test period remove the cylinder from
the bath and, holding the cylinder in a vertical position, open
the bottom valve to a suitable disposal unit (8.3.1) until all of
the liquid and most of the vapor is discharged.
8.7 When only a slight pressure remains in the cylinder,
disassemble immediately and compare at once the copper
strip that has been exposed to the liquefied petroleum gases
with the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards.
8.8 If the copper strip shows any appreciable discoloration, the interior of the cylinder should be polished with steel
wool and washed with wash solvent soon after use so as to be
clean for another test.
9. Interpretation of Results
9.1 Handling only with stainless steel forceps, compare
the exposed strip with the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion
Standards. Hold both the test strip and the standard in such
a manner that light reflected from them at an angle of
approximately 45" will be observed. In handling the test strip
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10. Report
10.1 Report the results in accordance with one of the
classifications listed in Table I . State the duration of the test
and the test temperature.
10.2 The added distilled water frequently causes isolated
brown spots on the copper strip. The presence of these spots
should be disregarded or the test should be repeated.
11. Precision and Bias
1 1.1 In the case of ordinal classification data, no generally
accepted method for determining precision or bias is currently available.
12. Keywords
12.1 corrosivity; liquefied petroleum gases
Classification
Designation
Description"
...
Slight tarnish
Moderate tarnish
Claret red
Lavender
Multicoiored with lavender Mue
and/or silver overlaid on claret
red
Silvery
Brassy or gdd
Dark tarnish
Conosion
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
Al. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT
Al.1 2.2.4 Trimethypentane
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised. either reapproved or withdrawn. Your commnts are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to lhe ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4cRi
Designation: D 2158
- 92
@ Designation: 317195
Standard Test Method for
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 residue-the volume, measured to the nearest 0.05
mL, of the residual material boiling above 38C resulting
from the evaporation of 100 mL of sample under the
specified conditions of this test method.
3.1.2 R Number -the residue multiplied by 200.
0.0to
0.1
0.1 to 0.3
0.3to 0.5
0.5 to 1.0
1.0 to 3.0
3.0to 5.0
5.0 to 25.0
25.0 to 100.0
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scale,
Limit of
Division.
mL
Error,
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.5
1.o
0.02
1.o
mL
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.o
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the
extraneous materials weathering above 38C that are present
in liquefied petroleum gases.
1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain alcohols to
enhance their anti-icing behaviour can give erroneous results
by this test method.
1.3 The result can be expressed in terms of measured
volumes or indices derived from these volumes. In either
case, the test method provides an indication of the quantity
and nature of materials in the product that are substantially
less volatile than the liquefied petroleum gas hydrocarbons.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary statements, see 6.9.
Copper Wire
3mm NEEDLE VALVE
d 17 z 1 mmiO
SAMPLE VALVE
6mm
METALOR GLASS
COOCINGMSSEL
+ 36.W-37 75 mm O 0
I /
10 mL
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
02-90 mm
NOTE-COIS
FIG. 2
Precooling Equipment
~ino
oi
inside bottom
FIG. 1
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Wash all glassware that is to be used in the test in the
selected solvent. Add 10 mL of a new sample of solvent to
the centrifuge tube. Mark the center of the filter paper. Fill
the syringe or pipet with a portion of the solvent drawn from
the centrifuge tube and direct 0.1 mL of the solvent to the
mark on the paper. Allow the solvent to evaporate and note
the persistence of an oil ring. Attempt to cover a circle of
about 30 to 35 mm in diameter on the filter paper with each
addition. If no oil ring appears after 1.5 mL of solvent has
been added, the solvent and glassware are satisfactory. The
appearance of an oil ring indicates either improperly cleaned
glassware or contaminated solvent.
1P IC/ASTM 5C
ASTM 57C
NOTEI-When
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9. Procedure
9.1 Residue-Attach
the cooling coil to the sample
source, cool the coil to below the boiling point of the sample,
and flush the coil and sampling line.
9.1.1 Rinse the centrifuge tube with the material to be
sampled and then fill it to the 100-mL mark with a
representative sample.
9.1.2 Immediately insert the copper wire through a clean,
slotted cork or a clean, loose-fitting plug of cotton or
cleansing tissue in the mouth of the centrifuge tube. The wire
helps to prevent superheating and resulting bumping (erratic
or excessive boiling), and the cork (or plug) will keep out air
or moisture while the sample is weathering. If more than 10
mL of the sample is lost because of bumping, obtain a new
sample.
9.1.3 Allow the sample to weather, using artificial heating,
if the ambient temperature or type of sample requires it. If,
when weathering has ceased and the tube has reached
ambient temperature, a residue remains, place the tip of the
tube in a water bath at 38C for 5 min.
9.1.4 Record the volume of any remaining residue to the
nearest 0.05 mL, and the presence of extraneous matter, if
observed.
9.2 Oil Stain Observation-Add sufficient solvent to the
centrifuge tube containing the residue described in 9.1.4 to
restore the volume to 10 mL. Add the solvent from the wash
bottle and carefully wash down the sides of the tube. Stir well
with the syringe needle or pipet so that any residue at the
bottom of the tube is dissolved uniformly in the solvent.
9.2.1 Mark the center of a clean white filter paper. Fill the
syringe or pipet and direct 1.5 mL of the solvent-residue
mixture at a rate such that the wetted circle is maintained at
about 30 to 35 mm in diameter.
9.2.2 If no oil ring persists after a 2-min waiting period
when holding the dry filter paper between the eye and a
bright incandescent light or strong daylight, discontinue the
test.
9.2.3 If a ring is discernible, determine the volume of the
solvent-residue mixture at which the oil ring first persists for
2 min on a new filter paper by adding the solvent-residue
mixture in O. 1-mL increments.
9.2.4 Record the volume in mL of the solvent-residue
mixture required to yield a persistent oil ring as the oil stain
observation.
9.3 Storage of oil-free solvent in a polyethylene wash
bottle for several days contaminates the solvent. Any solvent
transferred to the wash bottle for purposes of running the test
should either be used in testing during the same day or
discarded.
9.4 It has been noted that at low ambient temperatures
(below about 5C) materials in the gasoline boiling range will
leave an oil ring that persists after 2 min. Oil ring determinations should be made in a protected area where the
10. Calculation
10.1 R Number-Multiply the volume of residue obtained in 9.1.4 by 200.
10.2 O Number-Divide 10 by the oil stain observation
obtained in 9.2.4. If the oil stain observation exceeds 1.5 mL,
the result is recorded as zero.
11. Expression of Results
1 1.1 Volumetric-The results shall be expressed as:
11.1.1 Residue on evaporation to the nearest 0.05 mL,
and
1 1.1.2 Oil stain observation to the nearest O. 1 mL.
1 1.2 Normalized-The results shall be expressed as:
1 1.2.1 R Number to the nearest 10, and
I 1.2.2 O Number to the nearest 1.
12. Precision and Bias
o to 20
20to 40
o to ?O
40 to 100
20 to 40
40 to 60
10
20
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R Number
o to 20
IO
20to 40
40 to 100
I?
20 to 40
40 to 60
20
30
O Number
o to
20
12.4 Bias-The procedure in this test method for measuring residues in LP-Gas has no bias because the residues
are defined only in terms of this test method.
13. Keywords
13.1 liquified petroleum gases; LPG; residue
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R Number
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S T D - G P A S T D 2LY-ENGL
1777
382Lib79 O O L 8 5 2 L 8T4
(tm
D2158
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical cornminee and must be reviewed every five years and
il not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either lor revision of this standard or lor additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical cornminee, which you may attend. If you lee/ that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Comminee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia. PA 19703.
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The American Society tor Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any paient rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard Users 01 this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity 01 any such
patent rights, and the risk o1 mlringement o1 such rights. are entirely their own responsibility
Designation: D 2163 - 91
1. Scope
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 242 1 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C5 and
Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume,
or Weight Basis2
D 2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquified Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis3
D 3700 Practice for Containing Hydrocarbon Fluid Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder3
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition:
3.1.1 propene concentrate-concentrate
than 50 % propene.
containing more
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
24
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= 382Lib77
S T D - G P A S T D ZL'iU-ENGL 1 7 7 7
0038523 b77
D2163
TABLE 1 Reference Standard Mixtures, Uquid Volume Percent *
~~
Component
Propane
wdh No
nsaturates
Propane
wdh Low
93
a7
Ethane
Propane.
Butane
ProPane-
pro(iene
mopene
Butane
Mixtures
with Low
WithHigh
ROaane
RoOane
2
45
6
0.2
4.8
94.9
30
0.1
...
3
57
35
1
3
1
3
,..
...
...
64
25
6
...
...
R O W
n-Butane
Isobutane
Butene
isopentam
A
propene
propane
wdh High
Propene
...
15
...
...
...
0.1
22.6
76.6
0.5
...
0.2
...
The compositii values recorded in this tabie are offered as a guide to laboCatories preparing their Own mixtures irm pure hydrocerbais or to commerai suppkrs
of standards. In either case, an accurate composition oi the standards must be known to anaiyst.
7. Calibration Sandard
7.1 Pure components or calibration standard mixtures4
may be used for calibration. If pure components are used,
identical volumes of each component are injected into the
chromatograph and relative area response factors are determined. These factors are valid for a given instrument and
operating conditions and should be redetermined periodically. If pure components are used for calibration, the
\
FIG. 1 Illustration of AI6 Ratio
FIG. 2
8. Procedure
8.1 Apparatus Preparation-Mount the column suitable
for the analysis desired (see Appendix Xi) in the
chromatograph and adjust the conditions to optimum for the
column selected (Table 2). Allow sufficient time for the
instrument to reach equilibrium as indicated by a stable base
line.
8.1.1 The test method allows the user a wide latitude in
choice of instrumentation to make the analysis, and most
commercial instrumentation easily meets the requirements
defined in the test method. However, only by strict
adherence to the calibration procedures outlined in the
method can reproducibility between instruments expect to
be achieved.
8.1.2 Proper maintenance of instrumentation is critical to
continued satisfactory performance of this analysis. Clean
sample containers, clean sample inlet systems and clean
detectors are mandatory to achieve the precision and accuracy capabilities of this method.
NOTE2: Warning-Samples and reference mixtures are extremely
flammable. Keep away from heat, sparks,and flames. Use with adequate
Suitable reference standard mixtures of pure hydrocarbonsarc available from
the Phillips Petroleum Co., Special Products Div., Bartlaville, OK.
25
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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TABLE 2
Column
Diameter.
Column
Length, m
Silicon 200/500
Benzyl cyanide-silver nitrate
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Dimethylsuifolane pius benzyl cyanide and
silver nitrate
Dimethylsuifolane
Hexamethyl phosphoramide
Di-n-butyl maleate
Tricresyl phosphate plus silicone, 550
Methoxy ethoxy ethyl ether
Instrument Conditions
mm.OD
Substrate,
Mass, %
Temperature,
OC
Flow
Rate,
mLlmin
Carrier G
60 to 70
45 to 55
60 to 70
60 to 70
helium
helium
helium
helium
30
12
helium
helium
helium
helium
helium
-I
4
9
9
6.4
6.4
6.4
27
90
36
17
40
30
6.4
36
35
15
6
4
9
9
6.4
3.2
6.4
6.4
6.4
30
25
28
28
25
25
30
30
35
30
60
70
60
O to 70
Above 70
Repeatability
Reproducibility
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Ethane
0.0 to 0.1
0.2
Propene
Propane
Butanes
70 to 77
93 to 95
5 to 7
22 to 29
0.0 to 0.1
0.5
NOTE 3-The use of planimeters or integrators is permissible provided their repeatability has been established and the resulting repeatability does not adversely afiect the repeatability and reproducibility
limits of the method given in Section 10.
Repeatability Reproducibility
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.38
0.34
1.5
0.33
1 .o
0.04
0.04
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.07
0.6
Butenes
9. Calculation
9.1 Peak Height Method-Measure the peak height of
each component and adjust this value to the attenuation of
the same component in the reference standard mixture.
Calculate the percentage by mole or liquid volume of each
component as follows:
Concentration, liquid volume or moi percent = (PJP,)x S
where:
P, = peak height of component in the sample,
Po = peak height of component in reference standard
mixture, and
S = percentage of mole or liquid volume of component in
reference standard mixture.
9.2 Area Method-Measure the area of each component
by multiplying the height of the peak by the width at half
height. The width should be measured with the aid of a
magnifying glass (Note 3). Adjust the area to the attenuation
of the same component in the reference standard mixture.
1 % o amount present
0.06
1.o
1.o
1.7
0.08
0.2
where:
A, = area of component in sample,
A, = area of component in reference standard mixture, and
0.3
0.5
0.2
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382Lib99 0 0 1 8 5 2 5 L(L(T
1997
= AJAfl
where:
A , = area of component in sample, mm2, and
A, = area sensitivity of component, mm2 per percent.
9.2.3 Total the results and normalize to 100 %.
9.3 Normalization-Normalize the mole or liquid volume percent values obtained in 9.1 or 9.2 by multiplying
each value by 100 and dividing by the sum of the original
values. The sum of the original values should not differ from
100.0 % by more than 2.0 %.
10. Precision and Bias5
10.1 The data in Table 3 and Fig. 3 shall be used for
The data from which this precision statement is based are not available.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D * G P A S T D 21'4O-ENGL
27
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APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
n-butane, the butenes, n-pentane, and isopentane, and accordingly is suitable for use with all types of LP gases.
X I. 1.4 Dimethylsufolane (DMS)-Benzyl Cyanide-Silver
Nitrate Column-This column separates ail components in
commercial LP gases.
NOTEX 1 . 1 -There are commercial suppliers of gas chromatography
equipment and columns who can make (and guarantee) that the
columns they provide will meet the specifications (see 6.7 Columns) of
this test method.
NOTEX1.2: Warning-toxic. Precaution-See the product safety
bulletins from the suppiier of the chemicals used in preparing these
columns or before Benzyl Cyanidasilver Nitrate Column; XI. I .3 Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) column, and X 1.1.4 Dimethylsufolane
(DMS) Benzyl Cyanide-Silver Nitrate Column.
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights assmed in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressiy advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibiiity.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical comminee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouki make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
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- 91
An Amencan N a W Standard
Designation: 395/92
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the
dryness of propane-type products such as, but not limited to,
commercial propane (see Specification D 1835).
NOTE1-This test method is not applicable to propane-type prod-
5. Apparatus
5.1 Propane Water Test Valve3-A specially constructed
and calibrated valve manufactured solely for this test (Note
2). The valve has two open positions, a wide open position
for flushing, and a small preset flow position for testing.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
L (3 gai).
5.4 Cloth, dry, clean.
6. Sampling
6.1 The sensitivity of moisture test measurements to
uncontrollable sampling errors is such as to warrant conducting all important tests at the propane supply source
rather than on samples taken from the bulk supply. Referee
tests should be conducted on the bulk supply.
6.2 If the test cannot be run by connecting the apparatus
directly to the bulk propane supply, a sample can be taken
into a sample cylinder having a minimum capacity of 1 1.4 L.
In such cases, the sample shall be taken strictly in accordance
with directions given in Practice D 1265.
7. Procedure
7.1 Connect (Note 3) the propane water test valve to the
liquid line of the bulk product source or to the liquid phase
connection of the sample cylinder described in 6.2, so that
the body of the valve is horizontal and the outlet opening is
aimed vertically upward. The valve should be positioned so
that the internal surfaces of the outlet opening are clearly
visible to the operator. Open the main valve on the sample
source (Note 4) and set the valve on the test apparatus in the
purge position. Purge the sample line and the apparatus for
15 s. Close the test valve for 2 or 3 s, open it for 2 or 3 s, close
it for 2 or 3 s, and continue this intermittent opening and
closing until a uniform frost cover has accumulated on the
housing around the outlet of the test valve. Snap the valve
closed to the test position and simultaneously start the stop
watch. Stop the watch at the instant the liquid propane
ceases to flow through the valve (Note 4).
A list of supplies of LPGas freeze valves is available from ASTM.
29
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S T D - G P A S T D 2140-ENGL
1997
3 8 2 4 b 9 9 0018528 157
4m D2713
NOTE3-Use only clean, dry pipe or metallic tubing for making this
connection. Do not use mbber hose or plastic lined hose.
as the freeze-time.
NOTE 5-Failure to purge the apparatus with the valve open to the
purge position for about i 5 s between tests will give erroneous results.
Purging assures that ice formed in the preset opening in the preceding
test will be removed.
7.2 Sample pressure, at the inlet to the test valve, must not
be more than 100 psi (690 kPa) above the vapor pressure of
the product at the sample temperature. When sample source
pressure is above this limit a liquid propane pressure
regulator must be used to hold the pressure, at the inlet to the
test valve, within this limit.
8. Report
8.1 If the valve does not freeze off within 60 s, report the
product as pass.
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the rlsk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
it not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invhed either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comnients will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibte
tachnical committee, which you m y attend. /i you feel that your comments have not received a fair bearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM CommMee on Standards, 1976 Race St.,Philadelphia, PA 19703.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
30
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#Tb
Designation: D 2784
1777
- 92
m
An American National Standard
1 . Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total
sulfur in liquified petroleum gases containing more than 1
pg/g. Specimens should not contain more than 100 pg/g of
halogens.
1.2 To attain the quantitative detectability that the
method is capable of, stringent techniques must be employed
and all possible sources of sulfur contamination must be
eliminated. In particular. cleaning agents, such as common
household detergents which contain sulfates, should be
avoided.
1.3 The values given in acceptable metric units are to be
regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all OJ the
safety problems, if any. associated wirh its use. I t is the
responsibilitj. of rhe user ofthis srandard to establish appro-
priare safer!, and healtli practices and determine the applicabilitj3 of regitlatorj, litnirations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 .4STM Slandards:
D i56 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum
Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)'
D 1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
Gases'
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
(Lamp Method)'
D 1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of
Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Thermohydrometer'
E I l Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing
Purposes'
2.2 Institute of Petroleum S~andard."
IP I8 I Sampling Petroleum Gases, Including Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5. Apparatus
5.1 Oxy-Hydrogen Combustion Assemblj-The two types
listed below are recommended. Any combustion apparatus
giving equivalent results, however, is satisfactory.
5.1.1 Wickbold-Tjpe Combustion Apparatirs.s as shown
in Fig. 1.
5. i .2 Modtjed Beckman Burner-Type Apparatus? as
shown in Fig. 2. Each of the above types of apparatus shall
consist of three parts: atomizer-burner, combustion
chamber, and absorber with spray trap. A blowout safety
port in the combustion chamber is desirable. The remainder
of the apparatus shall consist of a suitable support stand with
the necessary needle valves and flow meters for precise
control of oxygen, hydrogen, and vacuum.
5.1.3 Safety Shield-A transparent shield shall be used to
protect the operator in the event an explosive mixture is
formed in the combustion chamber.
5.2 Apparatus for Lamp Cornbusrion:
5.2.1 Absorbers, Chimneys, and Spray Traps, as required
are described in detail in Annex A3 of Test Method D 1266.
5.2.2 Mangold System, consisting of a vacuum manifold
with regulating device, valves. etc. (Fig. 2 of Test Method
D 1266) and a dual manifold (burner and chimney) supplying a gas mixture of approximately 70 % carbon dioxide
(CO,) and 30 5% oxygen (O,) at regulated pressures. The gas
Available from Koehler Instrument Co., h i . . 1595 Sycamore Ave.. Bohemia.
N Y 117 16. with an all-stainless steel burner. or from Atlas Instrument Co.. 8902 E.
1 Iih St.. Tulsa, OK. For the latter. Hoke No. 993 combination flow meter-vahe
assemblies should be substituted for those supplied.
'Available from Scientific Glassblowing Co.. P.O. Box 18353. Houston. TX
77023.
'
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n-w-l
Water
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such specifications are available. Other
grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the
reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without
lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water-Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as
defined by Types II or III of Specification D 1193. Water
conforming to the following specification is required. Sulfate-free deionized water prepared by percolation of water
through a column of mixed anion and cation exchange
resins.
LT-*
02
2
1 -Atomizer-burner
2-Sample tube
3-Combustion chamber
4-Three-way stopcock
5-Receiver
6-Spray
trap
Apparatus
Victor Type SR 300, which has been found satisfactory for this application, is
available from Victor Equipment Co., Controls Division, 2336 Auburn Blvd.,
Sacramento, CA 95821.
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NLET
FIG. 2
Surfoce)
46k
O0
All dimensions in millimetres
FIG. 3
Stainless Steel
R e l i e f Valve
Stainless S t
Connect ions
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Attach Burner
Here
4#
through the improper use of hydrogen as a fuel, and (2) Recautionhave the safety shield in place.
~2784
of sulfur from the sample. Likewise subtract any sulfur
obtained in the lamp combustion blank from the total figure.
8.1 I Disconnect the spray trap from the vacuum line and
thoroughly rinse the spray trap and chimney with about 35
mL of distilled water, collecting the rinsings in the absorber.
It is important that any materials clinging to these parts be
transferred to the absorber to avoid low values for sulfur
content.
BARIUM PERCHLORATE TITRATION FINISH
9. Reagents
9.1 Ion-Free Water-Distill
than 50 pug, restrict sample sizes to give quantities that will not contain
more than 250 pg of sulfur for the turbidimetric finish or more than 150
pg for the barium perchlorate finish. Alternatively, aliquots of the
absorber solutions which do not contain more than these maximums
can be used.
NOTE9-Minor adjustment of the gas flow rates can be necessary to
maintain those recommended by the manufacturer.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~~
S a m p Size, g
Turbidimetric Finish
45
20
5
30
1 to 5
5 to 10
10 to 50
10
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~~
TURBIDIMETRIC FINISH
Sulfur, gg
AligUOtS, rnL
0.40
0.80
1.20
2.40
300
3.00
1 1.5 From the working curve, find the total sulfur titrated
to the nearest 1 pg. Subtract the 40 pg added.
11.6 For blank determinations, repeat the operations in
8.3 and 8.7, and burn a hydrocarbon stock with a very low or
nondetectable sulfur content. Burn for the same length of
time as the sample in the normal liquid mode. Subtract from
the sulfur figures in 11.5 any blank so obtained. This is the
net micrograms of sulfur from the sample.
12. Apparatus
13.3 Hydrochloric Acid ( 1+ 12)-Add 77 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HC1, relative density 1.19) to a 1-L
volumetric flask and dilute to the mark with water.
14. Calibration
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
TABLE 2
16. Calculation
16.1 Calculate the amount of sulfur in the sample as
follows:
Sulfur content, pg/g = A/ W
(1)
where:
A = micrograms of sulfur as obtained in 1 1.6 or 15.6, and
W = grams of sample burned.
16.1. I Round the result of the test to the nearest 1 pg/g of
sulfur.
16.2 Alternatively calculate the concentration in units of
grains of total sulfur per io0 ft3 as follows:
R (for propane) = 0.083s
R (for butane) = O. 1 1 1S
(2)
R (for propane-butane mixtures)
= S[0.366(G - 0.5077) + 0.0831
where:
R = grains of total sulfur per 100 ft3 of gas at 15.6'C (60'F)
and 0.10132 MPa (760 mm) Hg,
S = sulfur content, pg/g, and
G = relative density of the mixture at 15.6/15.6'C (60/60'F).
6.3120
The American Society lor Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asseI1ed in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users ot this standard are expressly advised that determination ot the validity d any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respsibie technical commirree and must be reviewed every tive years and
1not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invit8d either for revision of this standard 01 for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments wi// receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a lair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Commirree on Standards, 7976 Race Sr.. Philadelphia, PA 19703.
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8.45 I5
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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3 8 2 4 b 9 9 0038535 377
- 80%
3. GENERAL INFORMATION
37
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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SAMPLE
SOURCE
PROBE
R1
SAMPLE
FLOATING
PISTON
INERT GAS
CYLINDER+
INDICATOR ROD
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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3824b77 0038537 L b 3
39
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
UMPLE
PISTON
INERT GAS
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
CX!NDER
AIR
(ATMOSPH E RIC
PRESSURE)
5. SAMPLING PROCEDURES
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?I
r ??
i
-+- -
---
4-73
S T R U M SAMPLE-
PROBE
~~
~~
compared to the piston, then the pressure on the inert gas side will be
slightly higher than the sample side, Le., gauge N will read higher than
gauges L and M. This comment applies to all subsequent comments
regarding equal pressures on gauges L.M and N.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Product
flow
meter
Minimum
5 Diameters
Center-stream
sample probe
injection pump
totalizer
___
f
1 P P ~
I
I
Pulse
divider
circuit
i
1 puise per
"X" bbis.
114" to J2"
tubing
I
I
AC - - - - Power
_---
Power
I
I
Pressure
recomer
Pressure
regulator
k4
Pressure
Check valve
Bleed valve
42
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PRODUCT
FLOW METER
;L--imTfp
STREAM
SAMPLE
TOTALIZER
1
)
-
1 PPB
AC
POWER
'
i
r---
1 PULSE PER
"x" BELS.
--)---
POWER
INTERPOSER
PROBE
FILTER
DIVIDER
--
FLOW-TH RU
SAMPLE
INJECTION VALVE
--_--
I
I
x-
PRESSURE
TUBING
RECORDER
I
INERT GAS
PISTON
SAMPLE
a. SAMPLE
TRANSFER TAP
7
PRESSURE
SUPPLY
VALVE
43
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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S T D - G P A S T D ZLVO-ENGL 1997
SAMPLE
SOURCE
["i
rl
CYLINDER
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
GRADUATED
CYLINDER
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S T D * G P A S T D 2 L 4 0 - E N G L 1997
3 8 2 4 b 9 9 00118544 3 T L
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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S T D n G P A S T D 2140-ENGL L997
111.
CARRIER
CARRIER GAS
CHROMATOGRAPH
LIOUIDVALVE
UMPLING
FLOATING PISTON
l PRESSURE
N G RNEEDLE
q bVALVE
[
CYLINDER
NEEDLE VALVE
CYLINDER
OUTLET VALVE
NEEDLE
VENT VALVE
GAS
RELIEF
VALVE
VALVE
INERT
GAS
NGL
RELIEF
VALVE
47
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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VENT VALVE
PRESSURE
REGULATOR
r c
CHROMATOGRAPH
LIQUID SAMPLING
CARRIER
GAS
CARRIER GAS
CYLINDER
->
CYLINDER
'Y
-- -- -- LAYER
NGL -
--- -- --
.
.......
.......
.. .. .. .. .. ....
..'GLYCOL' :
;., OR "
. WATER
.-*GLYCOL' :
: . OR
.. WATER
$AS
.,o.
o.
.*
.:
. . . . ..
. . . .
Figure 9. Repressuring System and Chromatograph Valving with Double Valve Displacement Cylinder
48
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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49
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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SCOPE
1. This test is intended to give an indication of the
dryness of Commercial Propane and Propane HD 5.
APPARATUS
2. The apparatus shall consist of the following:
r-----
?
i
$
SAMPLNG
FIG. I-ASSEMBLED
APPARATUS'
50
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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S T D - G P A S T D 2LLiO-ENGL
1777
3824b77 0038547 9 8 3
Chah
16 Threads R r Inch
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
lhu13 Threadr
Per Inch
on
'window
Both Sides
0.0.*y64
SECTION 8 - 8
MATERIAL
Make From 5/< Hex Brass Bat,
Except Cap To Be Made From
Dlameter Brass Bar.
s/14
SECTION A-A
Finlrh
FIG. 2-DETAIL
OF INDICATOR
51
Copyright Gas Processors Association
Provided by IHS under license with GPA
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Licensee=UK LOCATION/5940240005
Not for Resale, 08/21/2007 09:17:10 MDT
- Whlte
Nickel
____
S T D - G P A S T D 2L40-ENGL 1777
ASSEMBLY OF APPARATUS
4. la) The apparatus shall be assembled as shown
in Fig. 2. The needle valve shall be attached to a vapor
outlct of the propane container by means of suitable
pipe or tubing connection of minimum length.
(b) The ssembled coil and indicator shall be adjusted to a vertical position. The ice bath shall then
be placed in such a position that the coil and all but
rpproximately 1,- in. of the tip of the indicator will
be immcrsed.
PRECAUTIONS
52
Copyright Gas Processors Association
Provided by IHS under license with GPA
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
382Lib99 0018550 b T 5
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Licensee=UK LOCATION/5940240005
Not for Resale, 08/21/2007 09:17:10 MDT