Tutorial Sheet -3(a)

Subject: 7EE5: Power System Engineering

Unit 3: Power System Stability-II

Q.1 What do you mean by transient stability of a power system? Which factor
affecting the transient stability? How a transient stability can be improved?

Q.2 What is Equal-area criterion of stability.

Q.3 Explain Equal-area criterion to study transient stability for the following cases
(a) A fault on one of the parallel circuits of two circuit line feeding an infinite
bus. The fault is very close to the sending end bus and is subsequently cleared
by the opening of faulted line.
(b) A fault on one of the parallel circuits of a two circuit line feeding an infinite
bus. The fault is at the middle of one of the lines and is subsequently cleared
by opening of the faulted line. The circuit breakers are of reclosing type. Mark
the accelerating and decelerating areas in each case.
Q.4 Drive an equation for computing critical clearing angle (consider a
synchronous generator feeding power to an infinite bus system through a double
circuit line and a line fault cleared by opening circuit breakers). Define critical
clearing time & angle.
Or
Q.4 what is meant by critical clearing time and critical clearing angle?
Derive the equation for critical clearing angle and critical clearing time when a
three phase fault occurs at a point of the transmission line.

Part-B

Q.1 A generator having H = 6.0 MJ/MVA is delivering power of 1.0

per unit to an infinite bus through a purely reactive n/w when the
occurrence of a fault reduces the generator o/p power to zero.
The max. power that could be delivered is 2.5 p.u. when the
fault is cleared the original network conditions again exist.
Determine the critical clearing angle & critical clearing time.
Q.2 A 60-Hz generator is supplying 60% of P max to an infinite bus
through a reactive network. A fault occurs which increases the
reactance of the network between the generator internal voltage
& the infinite bus by 400% . when the fault is cleared the
maximum power that can be delivered is 80% of the original
maximum value. Determine the critical clearing angle for the
condition described.

Part-C
Q.1 For what value of damping parameter, the transient stability is assured by
equal area criterion?

(IES-2010)

Q.2 The transient stability of the power system under unbalanced fault conditions
can be effectively improved by?
Q.3 Equal area criterion gives the information regarding?

(IES-1998)
(IES-1998)

Q.4 Consider a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus by two identical

parallel transmission lines. The transient reactance X of the generator is 0.1 pu and
the mechanical power input to it is constant at1.0pu. Due to some previous
disturbance, the rotor angle () is undergoing an undamped oscillation, with the
maximum value of (t) equal to 130 0. One of the parallel lines trip due to relay

maloperation at an instant when (t)= 1300 as shown in figure. The maximum value
of the per unit line reactance, x such that the system does not lose synchronism
subsequent to this tripping is

(Gate-2007)

Q.5 A generator with constant 1.0 pu terminal voltage supplies power through a
step-up transformer of 0.12pu reactance and a double circuit line to an infinite busbar as shown in the figure. The infinite bus voltage is maintained at 1.0pu.
Neglecting the resistances and susceptances of the system, the steady stability
power limit of the power system is 6.25pu. if one of the double-circuit is tripped,
the resulting steady state stability power limit in pu will be:
(Gate-2005)

Q.6 A 50-Hz 4 pole, 500 MVA, 22kV turbo-generator is delivering rated megavoltampears at 0.8 power factor. Suddenly a fault occurs reducing electric power
output by 40%. Neglect losses and assume constant power input to the shaft. The
accelerating torque in the generator in MNm at the time of the fault will be: (Gate2004)
Q.7 During a disturbance on a synchronous machine the rotor swing from A to B
before finally settling down to a steady state at point C on the power angle curve.
The speed of the machine during oscillation is synchronous as point(s):
1997)

(Gate-

Q.8 The use of fast acting relays and circuit breakers for clearing a sudden shortcircuit on a transmission link between a generator and the receiving-end bus
improves the transient stability of the machine because the:

(IES-

1998)
Q.9 Steady-state stability of a power system is improved by:

(IES-1998)

Q.10 A generator deliver power of 1.0pu to an infinite bus through a purely

reactive network. The maximum power that could be delivered by the generator is
2.0 pu. A three phase fault occurs at the terminal of the generator which reduces the
generator output to zero. The fault is cleared after tc second. The original network
is then restored. The maximum swing of the rotor angle is found to be d max =110
electrical degree. Then the rotor angle in electrical degrees at t=tc is?

(Gate-

2003)
Q.11 Two 50-Hz generating units operate in parallel within the same power plant
and have the following ratings:
Unit 1: 500 MVA, 0.85 power factor, 20kV, 3000rpm; H1= 5 MJ/MVA
Unit 2: 200 MVA, 0.9 power factor, 20kV, 1500rpm; H1= 5 MJ/MVA
Determine the equivalent inertia constant H in MJ/MVA on 100 MVA base?
(IES-2001)
Statement for common Data Question
(12 and 13)
A generator feeds power to an infinite bus through a double circuit transmission
line. A 3-phase fault occurs at the middle point of one of the lines. The infinite bus
voltage is 1 pu, the transient internal voltage of the generator is 1.1 pu and the
equivalent transfer admittance during fault is 0.8 pu. the 100 MVA generator has an

inertia constant of 5 MJ/MVA and it was delivering 1.0 pu power prior of the fault
with rotor power angle of 300. The system frequency is 50 Hz
Q.12 The initial Accelerating power (in pu) will be?

(Gate-2006)

Q.13 If the initial accelerating power is X pu, the initial acceleration in elec. Deg/
sec, and the inertia constant in MJ-sec/elec. Deg respectively will?

(Gate-

2006)

Other question
Fill in the Blanks:
1. For a fixed value of complex power flow in a transmission
line having a sending end voltage V, the real power loss will
be proportional to________.
Short Questions-Answers:
2. Define the critical clearing time.
3. Define the term steady-state limit.
4. Draw the diagram of equal area criteria application to
sudden increase in mechanical power input.
5. Draw the diagram of equal area criteria when one of the
parallel lines suddenly off.
6. Write the methods of improving stability.
7. Define the critical clearing angle.