CHAPTER 10 STRESS:

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.

Stress can be the result of

a. negative situations.
b. pleasurable challenges.
c. achievement of goals.
d. all of the above.

2.

Which of the following is an example of a stressor?

b. getting a flat tire

3.

The term stressor is best defined as

a. any physical or psychological event that produces stress.

4.

The term stress response is best defined as

c. the physical and emotional changes associated with stress.

5.

Stress is best defined as

b. the general physical and emotional state associated with
the stress response.
6.
The parasympathetic division is best defined as
c. a division of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when
you are relaxed and aids in digesting food, storing energy, and
promoting growth.
7.
The sympathetic division is best defined as
a. a division of the autonomic nervous system that activates during
times of arousal, including exercise, and when there is an
emergency, such as severe pain, anger or fear.
8.

Which of the following best describes the endocrine system?

a. affects body functions through the release of hormones

9.
Your body begins releasing endorphins, your heart rate accelerates,
and your hearing and vision become more acute. You are experiencing
a. the fight-or-flight reaction.
10.
Which of the following does NOT increase during the fight-or-flight
reaction?
d. digestion
11.

Homeostasis is defined as a state in which

b. vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level.

12.

The somatic nervous system manages

a. conscious actions.

13.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an effective response to
stress?
a. overeating
14.

Which of the following is an example of an effective response to stress?

d. learning new time-management skills

15.
Making the choice to go for a walk to cope with stress is controlled by
which of the following nervous systems?
d. somatic
16.

Which term best fits a Type A personality?

c. cynical

17.

Which of the following describes a person with a Type B personality?

b. contemplative

18.
Which one of the following characteristics is most closely associated
with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease?
a. hostility
19.
A person who has difficulty expressing emotions, suppresses anger,
and feels hopeless has characteristics of which personality type?
c. Type C
20.

Which statement about people with hardy personalities is FALSE?

c. They have a strong external locus of control.

21.
Lia has a hardy personality. How is she likely to react or respond to a
stressor?
d. Lia views the stressor as a challenge and an opportunity to
learn.
22.

The normal progression for the general adaptation syndrome is

d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

23.

The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) theorizes that stress

b. can be either eustress or distress.

24.
With sustained stress a new level of homeostasis occurs during the
________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
d. resistance
25.
Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is
easily distracted, and has a headache. What stage of GAS is Tom in?
a. alarm
26.

Eustress
b. is stress triggered by a pleasant event.

27.

The long-term wear and tear of the stress response has been termed
d. allostatic load.

28.

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interactions among

a. the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.

29.
Which of the following health problems has NOT been linked to
uncontrolled stress?
a. Type 1 diabetes
30.

A good strategy for overcoming insomnia is to

d. use your bed only for sleeping and not for eating, reading,
or watching television.
31.

Stress may increase risk for cardiovascular disease by increasing

b. blood pressure.

32.
Which of the following statements about regular exercise and its ability
to help manage stress is FALSE?
b. Exercise reduces energy levels.
33.

When dealing with stress, compulsive exercise can NOT

a. strengthen your immune system.

34.

A good nutritional strategy for coping with stress is to

b. limit caffeine intake.

35.

Individuals who have trouble expressing their anger might benefit from
d. assertiveness training.

36.
Which of the following stressors would NOT be the result of poor time
management?
d. loneliness
37.
Which of the following is recommended by your text as a timemanagement strategy?
b. Schedule tasks for peak efficiency.
38.
Which of the following is NOT recommended by your text as a timemanagement strategy?
b. Try doing things yourself rather than delegating.
39.

Which of the following statements about anger is FALSE?

a. It is better for wellness to be aggressive rather than
assertive.
40.
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for heading off
explosive anger?
a. having a drink

41.
Which of the following statements is an example of negative self-talk?
c. I won the speech contest, but only because none of the other speakers
were very good.
42.

Which of the following does NOT occur during the relaxation response?
d. increased blood flow to the muscles

43.

The relaxation technique that directly addresses muscle tension is

a. progressive relaxation.

44.

Progressive relaxation is best described as

c. an activity alternating muscle tension and relaxation.

45.
The relaxation technique that asks the person to identify all the
perceptible qualities of a relaxing environment is
b. visualization.
46.

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?

a. loss of pleasure in usual activities

47.
Which of the following statements about depression and suicide is
FALSE?
b. A sudden lightening of mood in a depressed person indicates the
danger of suicide has passed.
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
48.
Stress can result from either negative or positive situations.
Answer: True
49.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
initiates the stress response.
Answer: False
50.
Endorphins are released during the fight-or-flight reaction to relieve
pain in case of injury.
Answer: True
51.
The fight-or-flight reaction occurs even if a physical response to a
stressor is unnecessary.
Answer: True
52.
Behavioral responses to stress are controlled by the somatic nervous
system.
Answer: True
53.

People with a Type A personality tend to be stress-resistant.

Answer: False
54.
Frequent expressions of hostility increase the risk of heart disease.
Answer: True
55.
People with a hardy personality respond very intensely to stressors.
Answer: False
56.
The tend-and-befriend response to stressors is more common in
women than men.
Answer: True
57.
Past experiences can affect behavioral responses to a particular
stressor.
Answer: True
58.
Stress triggered by pleasant stressors is called distress.
Answer: False
59.
Stress triggered by unpleasant stressors is called eustress.
Answer: False
60.
The alarm stage of GAS is controlled by the parasympathetic branch of
the autonomic nervous system.
Answer: False
61.
A high allostatic load can be due to poor adaptation to common
stressors.
Answer: True
62.
People who are so-called hot reactors are more likely to have heart
attacks than are people who are more trusting and less explosive.
Answer: True
63.
Uncontrolled stress may lead to menstrual irregularities, impotence,
and pregnancy complications.
Answer: True
64.
Major life changes are more likely to cause stress-related illness in
someone with a strong support network compared with someone who is more
of a loner.
Answer: False
65.
People who work in rewarding helping professions such as teachers
and social workers are less prone to burnout than people in other types of
professions.
Answer: False
66.
Those who exercise regularly have a milder physical stress response
than non-exercisers.

Answer: True
67.
Caffeine consumption is associated with lower levels of cortisol.
Answer: False
68.
Adequate sleep improves mood, fosters feelings of competence and
self-worth, enhances mental functioning, and supports emotional functioning.
Answer: True
69.
Volunteering in ones community can promote spiritual wellness.
Answer: True
70.
Expecting perfection and expecting the worst are both examples of
cognitive distortions associated with negative self-talk.
Answer: True
71.
Meditation practices can elicit the relaxation response.
Answer: True
72.
The relaxation response signals your readiness for action.
Answer: False
73.
Insomnia and poor appetite are possible symptoms of depression.
Answer: True
CHAPTER 11- CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.

The leading cause of death in the United States is

c. cardiovascular disease (CVD).

2.
The six major risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be
changed are
c. elevated cholesterol levels, tobacco use, high blood
pressure, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes.
3.
Which of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are
NOT modifiable?
a. family history of CVD
4.

Smoking does NOT affect the cardiovascular system by

d. decreasing heart rate.

5.
Which statement about how smoking harms the cardiovascular system
is NOT true?
d. Smoking decreases plaque formation.
6.
Exposure to ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) causes approximately
_______ nonsmokers to die of heart diseases annually.
b. 35,000

7.

Sustained high blood pressure can be an indicator of

c. increased resistance to arterial blood flow.

8.
Which one of the following blood pressure readings would be
considered healthy for a young adult?
a. 110/80
9.
The point for blood pressure at or above which an adult is diagnosed
with hypertension is
c. 140/90.
10.
.

A person with high blood pressure should NOT increase their intake of
c. red meat.

11.

The primary symptoms of hypertension is

d. nothing; it usually has no symptoms.

12.
People with hypertension, African Americans, and middle-aged and
older adults should aim to consume no more than ______ mg sodium per day.
b. 1500
13.
While cholesterol is important for many body functions, excess
cholesterol is hazardous to health because it is deposited
b. on artery walls.
14.
The form of blood fat that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other
parts of the body and can lead to cholesterol deposits on artery walls
is
a. low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
15.
The form of cholesterol that shuttles cholesterol back to the liver for
recycling is
c. high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
16.
The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that all
adults have their lipoprotein levels measured at least once every
c. 5 years.
17.
For adults, a desirable level of total cholesterol is less than ________
mg/dl.
b. 200
18.

A desirable level of HDL for adults is

d. 60 mg/dl or more.

19.
Which one of the following cholesterol profiles would place someone at
greatest risk for heart disease?
c. low HDL and high LDL

20.

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

c. raising HDL levels.

21.
Cardiovascular disease risk is greatest for people who tend to store
body fat in the
a. abdomen.
22.

The recommended level of triglycerides for adults is

a. less than 150 mg/dl.

23.

Which of the following is true about triglycerides?

d. They can be reduced with physical activity and weight loss.

24.
Which of the following psychological traits are NOT associated with
increased cardiovascular disease risk?
a. ambition
25.
The incidence of stroke more than doubles in each successive decade
for people over ________ years.
b. 55
26.

Which of the following statements about gender and CVD is true?

b. Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection
against CVD.
27.

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

c. inflammation.

28.

Which of the following is TRUE about homocysteine?

d. It may damage the lining of blood vessels.

29.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that does NOT include

c. high HDL.

30.

Atherosclerosis is
c. thickening of artery walls by deposit of fatty substances.

31.

Atherosclerosis in an artery supplying blood to the heart is called

a. coronary heart disease.

32.

The heart muscle receives its blood supply from the

d. coronary arteries.

33.

When a coronary artery is completely blocked, the result is

a. a heart attack.

34.

The most common symptom associated with angina pectoris is

d. tightness in the chest.

35.

An arrhythmia is
a. an irregular heartbeat.

36.

Sudden cardiac death most often occurs due to

c. arrhythmia.

37.
______ measure(s) the electrical activity of the heart and can be used
to detect the presence of heart disease.
a. Electrocardiograms
38.

Which one of the following is a treatment for heart disease?

b. balloon angioplasty

39.

Blockage of blood supply to the brain causes

d. a stroke.

40.

A stroke caused by a ruptured blood vessel is a(n)

a. hemorrhagic stroke.

41.

Which of the following is NOT a warning sign of a heart attack?

d. sudden confusion

42.

Congestive heart failure is

c. a condition resulting from the hearts inability to maintain
its regular pumping force.

43.
The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends that
total dietary fat intake be no more than _____ of the total calories.
b. 30%
44.
According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the
recommended percentage of saturated fat calories in the diet is _____ of total
calories for most people.
a. 7% or less
45.
For heart health, the majority of fat in the diet should come from
________ fats.
d. unsaturated
46.
A dietary change that would help prevent cardiovascular disease is to
increase the intake of foods high in
a. soluble fiber.
47.

Which one of the following is a good source of dietary fiber?

d. legumes

48.

Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than

c. one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for

men.

49.

The number-one risk factor for heart disease that you can control is
a. smoking.

50.
People without CVD risk factors should have their blood pressure
measured
c. once every 2 years.
51.

Cholesterol testing should begin at age

a. 20.

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
52.
The six major risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be
changed are tobacco use, high blood pressure, obesity, unhealthy cholesterol
levels, diabetes, and physical inactivity.
Answer: True
53.
Smoking raises levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood.
Answer: False
54.
Cigarette smoke reduces the amount of oxygen available to the body.
Answer: True
55.
Cigarette smoke causes the blood to be thinner and clot more slowly.
Answer: False
56.
Long-term exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been shown
to increase a persons risk for cardiovascular disease.
Answer: True
57.
High blood pressure has obvious early warning signs.
Answer: False
58.
A blood pressure of 120/80 is classified as healthy.
Answer: False
59.
People with hypertension should aim to consume no more than 1500
mg of sodium per day.
Answer: True
60.
LDL cholesterol is the less healthy form of cholesterol.
Answer: True
61.
The optimal level of total cholesterol in adults is less than 200 mg/dl.
Answer: True

62.
CVD risk increases as a persons HDL level increases.
Answer: False
63.
Exercise is one way of controlling high blood pressure.
Answer: True
64.
HDL levels greater than 60 mg/dl are optimal.
Answer: True
65.
Exercise can help reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease by
decreasing blood pressure and increasing HDL levels.
Answer: True
66.
Fat that collects in the abdomen is associated with a lower CVD risk
than fat that collects around the hips.
Answer: False
67.
People with pre-diabetes are at increased risk of experiencing CVD.
Answer: True
68.
People of low socioeconomic status and low educational attainment
have a lower risk for CVD than people of higher socioeconomic status.
Answer: False
69.
The effects of hostility on CVD risk are not apparent until people are
over age 50.
Answer: False
70.
Homocysteine levels in the blood can be reduced by eating more fruits
and vegetables.
Answer: True
71.
When women have heart attacks, they are more likely than
men to die within a year.
Answer: True
72.
Hormone replacement therapy is recommended for menopausal
women to reduce their risk for CVD.
Answer: False
73.
A victim of a heart attack is recommended to chew and swallow one
adult aspirin tablet which has an immediate anticlotting effect.
Answer: True
74.
Most heart attacks begin with sudden and intense symptoms.
Answer: False
75.
Strokes may be caused either by a blood clot or by a ruptured blood
vessel.

Answer: True
76.
A diet high in fiber can help reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease
by trapping bile acids so that the liver produces less cholesterol.
Answer: True
77.
The number-one risk factor for cardiovascular disease that you can
control is smoking.
Answer: True
78.
Physical activity has direct and indirect benefits for cardiovascular
health.
Answer: True