Scoala Romana de Afaceri a Camerelor de Comert si Industrie

Filiala Alba

Scoala Postliceala de Afaceri Alba Iulia

ENGLISH
FOR PHARMACY ASSISTANTS

EMANUELA VERONICA ANCA

STUDENTS BOOK

Alba Iulia
2008
1

UNIT 1: Miscellaneous

Lesson One
ABC
The English Alphabet

A [ei]
B [bi:]
C [ci:]
D [di:]
E [i:]
F [ef]
G [di:]
H [eit]
I [ai]
J [dei]
K [kei]

L [el]
M [em]
N [en]
O [ou]
P [pi]
Q [kju:]
R [:]
S [es]
T [ti:]
U [ju:]

V [vi :]
W ['d blju:]
X [eks]
Y [wai]
Z [zed]

Phonetical Writing
English Sounds

[i :]
[]
[:]
[:]
[]
[:]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[d]
[]
[t]
[j]

he [hi:] = el
fat [ft] = gras
car [k:] = masina
tall [t :l] = inalt
cup [c p] = cana
girl [g :l] = fata
morning ['m :ni] = dimineata
three [ri:] = trei
this [is] = acesta, aceasta
she [i:] = ea
pair [p] = pereche
John [d n]
pleasure [ple] = placere
chair [t] = scaun
you [ju:] = tu, voi

Greetings
3

Hello! = Buna!
Hi! = Salut!

Good morning! = Buna dimineata!

Good afternoon! = Buna ziua!
Good evening! = Buna seara!
Good night! = Noapte buna!
Good day! = O zi buna!
Good bye! = La revedere!

Until 12 A.M.
12 A.M. 6 P.M.
6 P.M. 10 P.M.
After 10 P.M.

- Hello, How are you?

- Im fine thank you. And you?
- Im fine, too.

How do you do!

How do you do!

Read and practise:

Tom:
Jenny:
Tom:
Jenny:

Hello, Jenny!
How are you today?
Hi, Tom!
Im fine thanks and you?
Im very well, thank you.
Good-bye, Jenny!
So long, Tom!

Lets make acquaintance!

Paul:
Sally:
Paul:

Hi, Im Paul Pack.

Its nice to meet you Paul.
My name is Sally Smith.
Im glad to meet you, too.

Introducing People
Hi!
Im Tom, these are Dan,
Paul and Doris, my friends.

Hello!
My name is Alice Brown
and this is my classmate.
Ann

Good morning!
My names Jim.
They are my parents.

!!!

Hi!
Im Diana. This
is my dog, Puffy.

Remember !!!

My name is.
I am

Its nice to meet you !

Im glad to meet you !

Im.

Lets talk

Talk on the model:

Im Sally Smith and this is
my colleague Ann Sanders

My name is Sally Smith and

this is my colleague Ann
Sanders


GRAMMAR
The Personal Pronoun
Person
s
I
II
III

Singular

Plural

I [ai] = eu
You [ju:] = tu
He [hi:] = el
She [i:] = ea
It [it] = el, ea
(things& animals)

We [we] = noi
You [ju:] = voi
They [ei] = ei,
ele

The Present Tense of the Verb TO BE

TO BE = A FI
Affirmative Form
Long Forms
Short Forms
I am
Im
You are
Youre
He is
Hes
She is
Shes
It is
Its
We are
Were
You are
Youre
They are
Theyre

Interrogative Form Negative Form

Long Forms
Am I?
I am not
Are you?
You are not
Is he?
He is not
Is she?
She is not
Is it?
It is not
Are we?
We are not
Are you?
You are not
Are they?
They are not

Short Forms
Im not
You arent
He isnt
She isnt
It isnt
We arent
You arent
They arent

TO HAVE = A AVEA
Affirmative Form
Long Forms
Short Forms
I have
Ive
You have
Youve
He has
Hes
She has
Shes
It has
Its
We have
Weve
You have
Youve
They have
Theyve

Interrogative Form Negative Form

Long Forms
Have I?
I have not
Have you?
You have not
Has he?
He has not
Has she?
She has not
Has it?
It has not
Have we?
We have not
Have you?
You have not
Have they?
They have not

Short Forms
I havent
You havent
He hasnt
She hasnt
It hasnt
We havent
You havent
They havent

The Numeral
Symbol
1
2
3
4
5
6

Cardinal Numeral
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six

Symbol
The 1st
The 2nd
The 3rd
The 4th
The 5th
The 6th
6

Ordinal Numeral
The first
The second
The third
The fourth
The fifth
The sixth

7
8
9
10
Symbol
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
500
1,000

Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten
Cardinal Numeral
Eleven
Twelve
Thirteen
Fourteen
Fifteen
Sixteen
Seventeen
Eighteen
Nineteen
Twenty
Twenty-one
Twenty-two
Thirty
Thirty-five
Forty
Fifty
Sixty
Seventy
Eighty
Ninety
A (one) hundred
Five hundred
A (one) thousand

The 7th
The 8th
The 9th
The 10th

The seventh
The eighth
The ninth
The tenth
Ordinal Numeral
The eleventh
The twelfth
The thirteenth
The fourteenth
The fifteenth
The sixteenth
The seventeenth
The eighteenth
The nineteenth
The twentieth
The twenty-first
The twenty-second
The thirtieth
The thirty-fifth
The fortieth
The fiftieth
The sixtieth
The seventieth
The eightieth
The ninetieth
The hundredth
The five hundredth
The thousandth

The Definite Article

The [] in words beginning with a consonant (the boy, the car) or a semivowel e,
o, u,
w, y (the European, the one, the university, the week, the year);
- [i] in words beginning with a vowel (the economist, the activity) or silent h (the
honour, the hour).
The Indefinite Article
A [] in words beginning with a consonant (a book, a teacher) or a semivowel (a
European);
An [n] in words beginning with a vowel (an animal) or silent h (an hour).

 EXERCISE:

Write the correct pronoun for each word:

Tom
Ann
Book
Tim and Dan
Dog
Colleague

Write the missing letters:

Y_ _ , T_ _ _,

I_,

S_ _,

W_

Put next sentences into interrogative and negative:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

H_ ,

He is Michael.
He is a student
She is Diana.
She is a teacher.
You are 20 years old.
We are friends.
They are 30 years old.
I am 25 years old.

Put have or has, then put the sentences into interrogative and negative:

I ........a girl.
Dan ....... a boy.
We ...... English today.
They...... a pharmacy.
She....... a new house.
It ..... a nice colour.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb to be in the present tense,
and put the sentences into interrogative and negative:

I a woman.
He an engineer.
Mary very beautiful.
Ann a nurse.
They men.
We..... friends.
Tom and Anna ..... colleagues.
You....a doctor.

Write a / an
8

.... doctor, ..... nurse, ..... animal, ....... university, ...... pharmacy, .... apple.
Write in letters next numbers:
23..
13..
45..
76..
11..
123
654
1,378.
9,865

Lesson Two
Who and what are you?

Ann: Who are you?

Dan: I am Dan Smith.
But who are you?
Ann: Oh, excuse me, my names Ann Brown.
Dan: Its nice to meet you, Ann!
Ann: Its nice to meet you, too!
What are you, Dan?
Dan: I am a doctor, and you?
Ann: Im a pharmacy assistant.
Dan: How old are you, Ann?
Ann: Im 25 years old.
What about you?
Dan: Im 30.
See you soon, Ann!
Ann: So long, Dan!

Vocabulary

Who [hu:] = cine

What [wt] = ce, care
Name [neim] = nume
Nice [nais] = dragut/a
To meet [t mi:t] = a (se) intalni
Too [tu:] = de asemenea, si
Doctor [dkt] = doctor
Pharmacy assistant [f:msi `sistnt]
= asistent de farmacie
Old [ould] = batran, vechi
Year [j:] = an
To see [si :] = a vedea
Soon [su:n] = curand

EXERCISES:
1. Answer the next questions:
a) What is the girls name?________________________________________
b) What is the boys name?________________________________________
c) What is Ann?_________________________________________________
9

d) What is Dan?_________________________________________________
e) How old is Ann?______________________________________________
f) How old is Dan?______________________________________________

2. Translate into Romanian:

Care este numele tau?__________________________________________________
Cati ani ai?__________________________________________________________
Ce esti tu?___________________________________________________________
3. Practice:
Whats your name?
Who are you?
What are you?
How old are you?

My name is.......
Im ..................
I am a student.
Im 20 years old.

Reading
Professions and Trades
To earn their living, people have to work. The occupations requiring a special
training and learning are called professions. The persons of different professions are all
brainworkers.
The medical profession, for example, includes physicians, surgeons, general
practitioners, oculists, dentists, therapists, pharmaceutical chemists, nurses etc. The
profession of law comprises lawyers, prosecutors, judges, notaries. Economists are
specialists in economic problems, for instance, accountants keep records. Journalists write
articles in newspapers. The teaching profession includes schoolmasters, teachers,
lecturers, professors. The engineering profession has many branches: civil, mechanical,
electrical, etc. Office workers and secretaries are employed by companies and banks.
The occupations, which require skilled work with the hands, are called trades. The
building of a house means employing bricklayers, carpenters, joiners, plumbers,
electricians, painters, glaziers, locksmiths. Factories employ welders, weavers, and
blacksmiths. Agriculture needs farmers.
People engaged in trade are tradesmen, merchants and shop assistants.

Vocabulary

10

 EXERCISES:
1. Translate into English:
Eu sunt asistent de farmacie...................................................................................
Tu esti inginer.......................................................................................................
El este medic.........................................................................................................
Ei sunt profesori....................................................................................................
Dan este muncitor.................................................................................................
Doris este vanzatoare.............................................................................................
Noi suntem economist..........................................................................................
Maria nu este asistenta medicala...........................................................................
Jill nu este profesoara............................................................................................
Este Sally manager?..............................................................................................
2. Match:
Teacher
Doctor
Shop Assistant
Economist
Pharmaceutical chemist
Pharmacy assistant
Worker
Lawyer
Accountant
Mason

helps people get better; heals people

works in a trade company
teaches pupils or students
works in a shop and sells goods
works in a factory
keeps records
builds houses
works in a pharmacy
works in a court

3. Answer the questions:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Where does a teacher work?.................................................................................

Where do economists and accountants work?.......................................................
What does a brick layer build?.............................................................................
What do pharmacy assistants do?........................................................................
What does a doctor do?......................................................................................

4. Speaking activity:
1. Work in pairs, ask each other questions about: name, job, age.
2. On a pice of paper write your name, job and age. Work in pairs again, point to a
classmate and ask questions and give answers about him or her.

11

Model:
Mary Tomson
Nurse
43
Who is she?/ Whos she? / Whats her name?
She is MT / Shes MT/ Her name is MT/ Her names MT.
What is she / Whats she?
She is / Shes a nurse.
How old is she?
She is / Shes 43 years old.
3. Model: Arent you a teacher?
No, Im not. Im a student

a doctor, a pharmacist, an
economist, an engineer, a worker,
an accountant, an office worker, a
surgeon, a physician, a nurse, a
pharmacist assistant, a manager;

!!! Question Tags

Dan is a doctor, isnt he?
Yes, he is.

Ann is not a student, is she?

Yes, she is

Tom is a teacher, isnt he?

No, he isnt.

Mary and Doris are not workers, are they?

No, they arent.

You have English today, havent you?

Yes, I have.
Angela has an English book, hasnt she?
No, she hasnt

EXERCISE:

Write the correct question tag.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)

Dan is your friend,......................?

Mary is a pharmacy assistant,........................?
Your wife is a nurse,...........................?
Your husband isnt a manager,.....................?
Your son isnt a schoolboy,........................?
Your children are not home,.......................?
Your colleagues are in the office,........................?
12

h)
i)
j)
k)

They have English today,..........................?

You have not an old house,........................?
The girl has a headache,.........................?
The boy hasnt toothache,.......................?

GRAMMAR
The Plural of Nouns (regular plural)
A. To form the plural most words add -s ending to the singular form.
Sig

Pl.

School
schools
Father
fathers
Chair
chairs
Room
rooms
B. Nouns ending in s /ch /sh / z / x, add -es to form the plural.
Bus buses
Watch watches
Dish dishes
Buzz buzzes
Box boxes
C. Nouns ending in y form the plural according to the next rules:
Vowel + y = ys

Consonant + y = ies

Day

days

Lady

ladies

D. Nouns ending in o form the plural according to the next rules:

Consonant + o = oes

Tomato

tomatoes

Exception: piano - pianos

Vowel + o = os

Bamboo

13

bamboos

E. Nouns ending in f or fe form the plural turning f into v and adding-es:

Sg.

pl.

Half
Life

halves
lives

Exceptions: roof roofs

cliff cliffs

Nouns with Irregular Plural

Singular
man
woman
child
foot
tooth
goose
mouse
louse
ox

Exercise: Put into the plural next sentences

1.

The boy goes to school by bus.

2.

The child is sick.

3.

My classmate has a new bag.

4.

The young woman is my teacher.

5.

The tall man is the manager.

6.

The leaf is yellow.

7.

There is a mouse in my room.

8.

This is my country.

9.

Father has a new watch.

10.

What is in that box?

14

Plural
men
women
children
feet
teeth
geese
mice
lice
oxen

 Lesson three
What is this?
What is this?
What is this?

This is
This is

What is that?

Whats that? Thats.. .

That is. .

What are these?

What are these?

These are

What are those?

What are those?

Those are.

15

Lets Talk!
Is this a pen?
Yes, it is.
No, it isnt. Its a pencil
Activity: Work in pairs. Show your desk mate an object. Ask questions and give short
answers.

GRAMMAR
Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives
Nr. Here
Sg. THIS
(acesta,
aceasta)
Pl. THESE
(acetia,
acestea)
This is a beautiful house.
This girl is wonderful.
That picture is nice.
These trees are high
Those men are pharmacists.

There
THAT
(acela, aceea)
THOSE
(aceia, acelea)

Aceasta este o cas frumoas.

Aceast fat este minunat.
Acel tablou este drgu.
Aceti pomi sunt nali.
Acei brbai sunt farmaciti

Exercise: Translate into English:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Acesta este un medicament.

Acelea sunt produse farmaceutice.
Este acesta un unguent?
Este aceea o pudr?
Acesta nu este un sirop de tuse.
Acele injecii nu sunt pentru copii.
Nu este aceast pastil un analgezic?
Nu sunt acele medicamente pentru dureri de cap?

Exercises
1. Fill the blanks with: that, these, those;

Whats this?
16

This is a pharmacy.

Whats ?
...... is an ambulance
What are ?
. are men.
What are .?
. are envelopes.

UNIT 2 FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

Lesson one
My Family
My first name is Richard and the surname is Smith. Im 40 years old and I am a
doctor.
My family consists of four members: my wife, my daughter and son and myself.
My wife, Helen, is a nurse. Shes 36 years of age. She is tall and thin. She has black hair
and blue eyes. Helen is a pretty woman indeed.
Michael, our son, is a schoolboy. He is 14 years old. Mary, our daughter, is a
schoolgirl and shes about 10.
I have parents and parents-in-law, too. My wifes parents are my parents-in-law.
I also have two brothers and a sister and my wife has only a sister, called Jane. She
is my sister-in law. My brothers are my wifes brothers-in-law. We have five nephews and
three nieces. I am their uncle and my wife is their aunt. Our children have eight cousins.
Relatives:

Name: HELEN
Surname: SMITH
Age: 36
Profession: nurse

Grandparents
=
grandmother
+
grandfather
Parents = mother + father
Parents-in-law = mother-in-law + fatherin-law
Stepparents = stepmother + stepfather
Grandchildren
=
grandson
+
granddaughter
Children = son + daughter
Stepchildren = Stepson + stepdaughter
Son-in-law
Daughter-in-law
Brother
Sister
Brother-in-law
Sister-in-law
Spouses = husband + wife
17 Uncle
Aunt
Nephew

Name:
Surname:
Age:
Profession:

1. Answer the questions:

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Who is Richard?..........................................................................................................
What is Richard?.........................................................................................................
Who is Helen? What is she?.......................................................................................
Who are Michael and Mary?.......................................................................................
How old are they?.......................................................................................................
What are they?............................................................................................................
Who is Jane?...............................................................................................................

2. Write about your family:

- the members number;
- the members age;
- members names;
- members professions.
3.

Fill in the gaps:

My mothers mother is my
My fathers father is my
My aunts son is my ..
My husbands sister is my .
My brothers daughter is my .
My wifes father is my ..
My sister-in-laws son is my..
4.

Translate into English:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Sora mamei mele e matusa mea.................................................................................

Ei sunt bunicii mei......................................................................................................
Tatal sotului meu e socrul meu................................................................................
Baiatul unchiului meu e varul meu..............................................................................
Fiica mea e nepoata surorii mele..................................................................................
Cumnata mea e sora sotului meu................................................................................
Fiul tatalui meu e fratele meu.......................................................................................
Nepoata mamei mele e verisoara mea..........................................................................
Fratele tatalui meu e unchiul meu................................................................................

Lets talk !
-

Whats your mothers name?

My mothers names Maria.
Whats your mother?
My mothers a pharmacist.
18

How old is your mom?

My moms 50.

Practice for all the members of your family.

GRAMMAR
The Genitive Case
I.

The Prepositional Genitive Of Genitive

It is rendered by means of the preposition of.

Of = a, al, ai, ale
Word Order: Possessed Object + Of + Possessor
The colour of the dress (culoarea rochiei)
The windows of the room (ferestrele camerei)
!!!

It is used when the name of the possessor is expressed by:

- nouns designating beings: the book of the student;
- nouns designating things: the door of the room.
II.

The Synthetic Genitive s Genitive

It is rendered by means of s or only .

Word Order: Possessor + s/ + possessed object
!!!
Generally, it is used when the name of the possessor is expressed by nouns
designating human beings:
Bills pen;

girls books;

mothers sister;

Lesson two
Lets talk !
Clothes
1. Ask questions: Whose... ?

19

childrens room

Whose dress is this?

Its my moms dress.

dress, skirt, shirt, T-shirt, trousers, blouse, jumper, sweater, jacket, coat, shorts, shoes,
sandals, boots, slippers, hat, cap, scarf, gloves, socks, jeans;
moms, dads, Toms, Marys....;
2. Practice
Put on your.

Take off your

Put on your jumper!

Take off your shoes!

What colour is the dress?

Its red.

dress, skirt, shirt, T-shirt, trousers, blouse, jumper, sweater, jacket, coat, shorts, shoes,
sandals, boots, slippers, hat, cap, scarf, gloves, socks, jeans;

Focus on Speaking: Describing People

Name: Tom Peterson
From: England
Age: 40
Height: 1m 82
Weight: 85 kg

Name: Ana Ionescu

From: Romania
Age: 35
Height: 1m 72
Weight: 60 kg

20

1.

Describe the man and the woman:

Tom: - green eyes;

- black hair;
- oval face.

Ana: - blue eyes;

- blond hair;
round face.

2. Talk to your mate:

Where is Tom from?

Tom is from England

How old is he?

He is 40.

Whats Toms height?

Hes 1.82 m tall.

How tall is he?

How heavy is
he?

He is 85 Kg

3. Read and Translate:

Tom is 40 years old. Ana is 35 years old.
Tom is older than Ann. He is 5 years older than her.
Ana is 1.72 m tall. Tom is 1.82 m tall.
Ana is 10 cm shorter than tom.
4. Write opposite words:
tall, short, little, fat, thin, old, big, young, heavy, beautiful, light, ugly;
21

5. Look on the model. Do the same and translate all the words:
tall taller

inalt mai inalt

short
fat
thinold
big
young
heavy
light

6. Put the word in brackets in its right form

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Mom is (short)................ than dad.

Mary is (tall) ...................than Janny.
Granny is (fat).................in the family.
She is (beautiful)..................girl in the classroom.
Are you (busy).............than your mate?

7. Translate into English

a) Sunt injeciile mai scumpe dect pastilele?
..
b) Acest medicament este cel mai scump dintre toate.
..
c) Pastilele efervescente sunt mai eficiente.
..
d) Siropul acesta este mai dulce dect acela.
..
e) Unguentul nu este mai ieftin dect pastilele.
..........................................................................................................................................
8. Put next words in the right place:
Younger, fatter, the most beautiful, taller, best, more;
Mary is my. friend. Shes 25 and Im 30. Shes 5 years..than
me. Im 50 kg and shes 55. Mary is 5 Kilos.than me. She is 1.60 m and I am
1.72 m. Im 12 cm..than her. Mary is ..girl I know. Shes
.attractive than me.
9. Translate:
Cel mai bun =
Mai slab =
Cel mai interesant =
Mai mic =
Cel mai mult =
22

10. Fill the gaps with the right possessive pronouns or adjectives:
a) Is this car yours? No it isnt
b) She has a new dress. .. dress is blue.
c) He is a doctor. job is interesting.
d) We have a house in this street. Thats ..
e) They have a red car. This is ..

GRAMMAR
The Adjective Comparison
I.

The Regular Adjective Comparison

I.1. Short Adjectives

POSITIVE
Long
Short
Big
Fat
Thin
Pretty
Busy

COMPARATIVE ( mai)
Longer
Shorter
Bigger
Fatter
Thinner
Prettier
Busier

SUPERLATIVE (cel mai)

The longest
The shortest
The biggest
The fattest
The thinnest
The prettiest
The busiest

I.2. Long Adjectives

POSITIVE
Beautiful
Interesting
Dangerous

COMPARATIVE (mai )
More beautiful
More interesting
More dangerous

SUPERLATIVE (cel mai)

The most beautiful
The most interesting
The most dangerous

Examples :
This street is long.
That street is longer than this.
My street is the longest in town.
My house is beautiful.
Your house is more beautiful than mine.
Her house is the most beautiful in the street.
II.

Irregular Comparison

POSITIVE
Good / well
Bad / ill

COMPARATIVE
Better
Worse
23

SUPERLATIVE
The best
The worst

Much / many
Little
Late
Far

More
Less / lesser
Later / latter
Farther

The most
The least
The latest / the last
The farthest

Examples:
This pill is good for relieving pain.
That pill is better for headaches.
This pill is the best for relieving toothache.

Lesson three
There is / There are
One:

There is [()r`iz] = exista, este, se afla/gaseste

More:

There are [()r`a:] = exista, sunt, se afla/gasesc

There is a book on the table.

There are three books on the table.

Read:
- Excuse me, is there a pharmacy nereby?
- Yes, of course. There isnt in this street but theres one just round the corner.
Go along this street about 20 metres and then turn right. There are two clothing
stores on the right side and next comes the pharmacy.
- Thank you very much!
- Youre welcome.
In = in
On = pe
At = la
Behind = in spatele
Above = deasupra
Opposite = vis--vis
In front of = in fata
Near = langa

24

Lets Talk!
Is there a book on the desk?
Yes, there is.
No, there isnt

Is there?

Are there glasses in the cupboard?

Yes, there are.
No, there arent.

Are there?

Is there anybody home?

Are there many students in the classroom?
UNIT 3 EVERY DAY ACTIVITIES

Lesson one
My Daily Programme
I wake up at 7 oclock every morning. I get out of bed, put on my slippers and go to
the bathroom. Into the bathroom, I have a bath or a shower, brush my teeth, dry myself on
a towel and comb my hair. After that, I go back into my room and get dressed. Next I go
into the kitchen where I have breakfast. At 8 oclock, I leave for my job. I work in a
pharmacy; Im a pharmacist assistant. At work, I arrange medicines on shelves, help the
pharmacist prepare medicines, powders or ointments. Sometimes, I sell customers
products.
At 5 oclock in the afternoon, when the programme is over I go back home. At half
past five, I have lunch with my family. Then, I wash the dishes and do the house. Next I
take a short rest or if necessary I go shopping.
In the evening, I knit, watch TV, read a book or a magazine and listen to some
music. Sometimes, especially on weekends, we have guests, pay our friends a visit, go for
a walk, to the cinema, theatre, or to the restaurant.
On weekdays, we usually have dinner at 8 oclock in the evening.
Generally, we go to bed at half past eleven.
Vocabulary
Daily [deily] = zilnic
To wake up [t weik p] = a se trezi
To put on = a-ti pune
Slippers [slipz] = papuci de casa
Bathroom [ba:rum] = baia
To brush [t br ] = a peria
Generally = in general
Towel [taul] = prosop
Teeth [ti:] = dinti
To comb [coum] = a (se) pieptana
Hair [h] = par

then [en] = apoi, dupa aceea, atunci

theatre [it] = teatru
to walk [w:k] = a (se) plimba, a pasi,
a merge pe jos
pharmacy [f:msi] = farmacie
pharmacist = farmacist
assistant [`sistnt] = asistent, ajutor
to knit [nit] = a tricota

Remember!

In the morning
At noon
In the evening

have breakfast
have lunch
have dinner
25

I have breakfast at 7 in the morning but Tom has breakfast at 8.

We have dinner at 7 PM but Alice has dinner at 8 PM.
I. Answer the questions:
1. When do you have breakfast/lunch/dinner?
2. When does your desk mate have breakfast/lunch/dinner?
3. At what time do you get up in the morning?
4. At what time does your desk mate get up in the morning?
II. Talk about your daily program.
III. Work on the model:
7 AM / 8 AM:
7.30 AM / 8.30 AM:
8 AM / 9AM:
1 PM / 2 PM:
3.30 PM / 4 PM:
7 PM / 8 PM:
10 PM / 11 PM:

I get up at 7 AM but my mate gets up at AM.

Exercises
1. Put in the 3rd person singular next sentences:
a) I wake up at 7 AM. / He
b) You have lunch at 1PM. She
c) We go to work at 7.30AM. He..
d) They have a shower every day. She..
2. Put in the interrogative and negative next sentences:
a) I read the newspaper every day.
b) Tom goes to school every day.
c) They take a walk every evening.
d) We have lunch at 12 AM.
e) Jane writes a letter to her friend.
3. Translate into English:
a) Eu plec la serviciu la ora 7 dimineata.
b) Dan ia micul dejun la 8 AM.
c) Fratele meu citeste o carte in fiecare zi.
d) Ei au o farmacie mare.
e) Este sora ta farmacista?

INFO!
26

Definition: The Simple Present Tense shows an action developed in moment of

speaking.

HERE
(aici)

THERE
(acolo)

BEHIND
ON THE
LEFT

ON THE
RIGHT

IN FRONT OF
The moments of the day are:
In the morning
At noon
In the afternoon
In the evening
At night

= dimineata
= la amiaza
= dupa amiaza
= seara
= noaptea

The Simple Present Tense

GRAMMAR

Affirmative form:

S + verb (+-s if the vb. ends in a consonant

-es if the vb. ends in a vowel, or -s, -ss, -ch, -sh,
-x, z, -zz., for the 3rd person singular);

e.g.

I read

You watch

He reads

He watches

!!! Writing problems:

-if the vb. ends in -e, adds -s in the 3rd person singular, (to come he/she/it comes);
-if the vb. ends in vowel + y, adds -s in the 3rd person singular, (to say he/she/it says);
-if the vb. ends in consonant + y, replaces y with i and adds -es in the 3rd person
singular, (to try he/she/it tries).
27

Do/Does(3rd pers. sg.) + S +verb?

Interrogative form:
e.g.

Do I go?
Does he go?

Negative form:

e.g.

S + Do not (dont)/Does not (doesnt) +verb

(3rd pers. sg.)

I do not come / I dont come

He does not come / He doesnt come

Lesson two
Telling the Time
12
9

12
3

12

3
4

It is 3 oclock.
Its 3 oclock sharp.

Its half past 3.

Its three thirty.

12
1
9

3
5
6
Its 25 minutes past 1.

What time is it?

1.10 ___________________________________
5.30___________________________________
4.15___________________________________
12.20__________________________________
7.50___________________________________
8.45___________________________________
28

Its a quarter to 4.
Its three forty-five.

6.25___________________________________

1 minute = 60 seconds

!!!Attention:

1 hour = 60 minutes

clock

watch
1 day = 24 hours
1 week = 7 days
1month = 4 weeks

Its five oclock.

There is a clock on the wall.
I have a beautiful wrist watch on my left

1year = 12 months
1 decade = 10 years
1 century = 100 years
1 millennium = 1000 years

My grandfather has an old pocket watch.

hand.

Exercises
1. Give next words the plural form:
Book Wall Pen AppleCountyTomatoRoof-

Room Student DayCountryPartyPianoCliff-

Door WorkerGirlToyLifeWifeChief-

2. Put in the plural next sentences:

I am an economist.
You are a doctor.
She is a pharmacist.
He is a pharmacist assistant.
It is a drug.

Lets remember!
The days of the week are:

Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday

Now its your turn. Whats your timetable? Fill in:
Sunday:..
Monday:.
Tuesday:.
Wednesday:
Thursday:
Friday:.
29

Saturday:.

30

UNIT 4 FOODSTUFFS

Lesson one
Meals
Meals in England differ from meals in other countries.
Breakfast, which is served at about 8 oclock in the morning, is a substantial meal.
It consists of fruit juice, porridge or corn flakes with milk and sugar, ham and eggs or a
slice of meat or ham, tea or coffee, bread and butter with marmalade or jam.
The usual time for lunch is one oclock. While in our country the midday meal is
the main meal of the day, consisting of several courses, in England, lunch is a frugal meal.
For lunch, the English generally have sandwiches, hamburgers, sausages, meat, poultry or
fish and a salad, followed by a cup of black coffee.
They have tea, the third meal of the day, at 5 oclock in the afternoon. The English
like their tea, strong with milk. With their tea, they may have bread and butter with jam
and cakes.
In England the main meal of the day is dinner, which is served at about 7 oclock,
when all the members of the family are back home. The first course is a soup. For the main
course they may have some fish, poultry or meat with potatoes and vegetables. Next come
a fruit pie, a pudding or a fruit salad, cheese and biscuits followed by black or white
coffee.
When the midday meal is the main meal of the day it is called dinner and the
evening meal is called supper. For supper, the English generally have a cup of tea with
some sandwiches or sometimes an omelette, ham, sausages, bacon and fruit.
Vocabulary
Meal [mi:l] = masa, mancare
To differ from [dif] = a diferi de
Other [] = alt/a, alti/te
Milk = lapte
Sugar [ug] = zahar
Slice [slais] = felie
Meat [mi:t] = carne
Tea [ti:] = ceai
Several [sevr()l] = mai multi/multe
cateva/cativa
Course [k:s] = fel de mancare
Sausage [ssid] = carnat
Cheese [tI:z] = branza
Supper [s p] = cina, supeu

fruit juice [fru:t du:s] = suc de fructe

corn flakes [fleiks] = fulgi de porumb
ham and eggs = ochiuri cu sunca
[hmnd`egz]
bread and butter = paine cu unt
[bredn`b t]
followed by [floud bai] = urmat de
fruit pie [fru:t`pai] = placinta cu
fructe
bacon [beicn] = slanina
poultry = carne de pasare
fish = peste
cake [keik] = prajitura.
soup [su:p] = supa

Exercises
I. Answer the questions:
1. At what time is breakfast served in England?
2. What does it consist of?
31

3. What do you have for breakfast?

4. What is the usual time for lunch?
5. What do the English have for lunch?
6. At what time do they have tea?
7. What do they generally have with their tea?
8. Which is the main meal of the day in England?
9. What does it consist of?
10. What do you have for dinner?
II. What do you have for?
Breakfast:
Lunch:
Dinner:

Dishes & Cutlery

Plate
Glass
Cup
Dish
Spoon
Teaspoon
Fork & Knife

I put the food into a plate.

I pour water into a glass.
I put some coffee into a cup.
The salad is into a dish.
I eat the soup with a spoon.
I eat the fruit salad with a teaspoon.
I eat the steak with fork and knife.

What is a plate made of?

A plate is made of china.

Practise:

Glass
Cup
Spoon
Fork
Knife

Glass
China
Stainless steel
Silver

32

Lets Talk!
A)
Yes, I do.
Here you are!

Do you have some water,

please?

Do you have any fruit?

Yes, of course.

No, I sorry, I
don .

Do you have any

vegetables?

Practise with: tea, coffee, fruit syrup, soup, sweets, soft drinks;

B)
- Do you want some tea?
- Yes, please. Thank you!
- Does she / he want some coffee?
- No, she / he doesnt; I think.
Practise with: milk, mineral water, beer, wine, orange juice, hot chocolate;
C)
I want some,
please.

D)Work on the model:

I dont want any.

I want a cup of coffee and my friend wants some

tea
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

I some milk / Tom water

I a glass of juice / Mary a coffee
I an apple / my mom grapes
I a banana / my sister an orange
I an icecream / my brother a cake

33

E) Ask and answer:

Where can you buy
medicines?

At the chemists.

- a loaf of bread
- a jar of jam
- a kilo of apples
- a carton of milk
- a bottle of beer
- a can of cola
- a kilo of meat
- a magazine

- at the pharmacy
- at the market
- at the supermarket
- at the butchers
- at the dairy
- at the bakers
- at the newsagents

Lesson two
Dialogue

How much?

How many.?

- How much tea shall I drink?

- About 2 or 3 cups a day.
- How much medicinal tea shall I buy?
- You need 3 packets.
- How much sugar sall I put in it?
- No sugar!
- Shall I take any medicines?
- Of course. These are your pills.
- How many pills a day?
- Wait a minute, I write on them. 3 pills a day.
- How many days?
- 10 days.
- 10 days? Isnt it pretty much?
- No, thats the treatment.

Lets Talk!
1. Put the right word in the right place
How much............... do you want?
How many ............... do you want?

34

salt, water, apples,

syrup, tablets,
money, needles,
boxes, tea,

2. Practice
A)
Yes, they have.

Have fruit got any vitamins?

No, they havent.

Have fruit got any fats?

Have vegetables got any vitamins?

Has meat got any proteins?
Have grapes got any sugar?

B)
What does it taste like?

It tastes sweet.
It tastes salty.
It tastes sour.
It tastes bitter

What does it smell like?

It smells lovely.
It smells horrible.
C) Match:
A lemon tastes
An orange tastes
The seawater tastes
A grapefruit tastes

sweet
sour
bitter
salty

D) Work on the model:

What does a lemon taste like?
Chocolate / sweet
Salt / salty
Pepper / hot
Candy / sweet
Coffee / bitter
35

It tastes sour.

E)
I like coffee I dont like tea.
She likes vegetables she doesnt like meat.
Fish / poultry
Apples / pears
Oranges / lemons
Fruit juice / beer
Ham / bacon

GRAMMAR
Expressing Necessity, Obligation and Interdiction
Expressing Necessity
Im hungry. I must eat something. I need some food
Hes thirsty. He must drink something. He needs some water.
I dont have money. I must work hard. I need a job.
She is ill. She must stay at home. She needs special care.
Expressing Obligation
Its late. We must go.
I want to pass the exam. I must study more.
Expressing Interdiction
You mustnt smoke here!
You mustnt take this medicine!

Exercises
I. Put in the interrogative and negative next sentences:
He must read this book.
Must he read this book?
He mustnt read this book.

36

1. They must visit the town.

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. Ann must prepare a cake.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. My grandma must take this pill.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
4. The cat must drink some milk.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
5. My father must read the newspaper.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
II. Translate into English:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Eu trebuie sa iau medicamentul.

Nu trebuie sa fumezi aici...
Trebuie sa mananc tot?..
Diana trebuie sa faca o scurta plimbare.
Trebuie sa citesc ziarul..
Expressing Permission, Ability and Possibility - CAN

Look at the pictures below. What do you think they express: permission, ability or
possibility?

She:
He:

Good morning! Can I help you?

Yes, please. Can I ask you a favour?

Hello, Doris!
Can I talk to Jim?

Im Bob. I can play the violin.

37

Im Alice. I can dance.

My names Theresa.
I can ski.

- Can I help you?

- I can do it.
Im Tom.
I can speak English.

Hellooo!
Can you hear meee?

Exercise:
Translate into Romanian
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

You can take this medicine twice a day.

Can I take this syrup?
I cannot take medicines containing sugar.
You can see two little tablets on the table.
Can you prepare this ointment?
Can you get a prescription?

38

UNIT 5 MEDICAL FIELD

Lesson one
The Human Body
Its very important to know out body from head to toes.
The main parts of the human body are: the head, the body and the limbs. Inside the
head there is the brain, inside the body there are the organs, muscles and bones. The
skeleton consists of all the bones. The backbone is the most important.
The limbs are: the arms and legs. The arm ends with the hand and fingers. The leg
ends with the foot and toes.
The sensory organs are: the eyes for sight, the ears for hearing, the mouth with the
tongue for taste and the nose for smell. The skin is also a very important sensory
component.
Lashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.
The neck is the link between the head and the body.
The main organs inside the body are: the heart, the lungs, the liver, the stomach and
the kidneys.
Vocabulary
Human [hju:mn] = uman, omenesc
Body [bdi] = corp, trup
Head [hed] = cap
Toes [touz] = degete de la picior
Limb [lim] = membru (mana, picior)
Inside [insaid] = inauntru, interior
Brain [brein] = creier
Muscle [m sl] = muschi
Bone [boun] = os
Skeleton [skelitn] = schelet
Arm [a:m] = brat
Leg [leg] = picior
Finger = deget
Hand [hnd] = mana (cu palma)
Foot [fut] = laba piciorului
Heart [h:t] = inima
Lungs [l s] = plamani
Liver [liv] = ficat
Stomach [st mk] = stomak
Kidneys [kidniz] = rinichi

sensory [sensri] = sensorial

eye [ai] = ochi
sight [sait] = vaz, vedere
ear [i:] ureche
hearing [hiri] = auz
mouth [mau] = gura
tongue [t ] = limba
taste [teist] = gust
nose [nouz] = nas
smell = mioros
skin = piele
lash [l] = geana
eyebrow [aibrau] = spranceana
neck = gat
link = legatura

Answer the questions:

1. Which are the main parts of the human body?
2. Where is the brain situated?
3. What are there inside the body?
4. Which are the sensory organs?
5. What protects the eyes?
6. Which are the main organs inside the body?

39

Exercises
1. Complete these words:
He_d,

ne_k,

hea_t,

ki_ney,h_nd,

f_ _ t,

l_v_r;

2. Match the words with their right definitions:

Doctor
Nurse
Patient
Medicine
Hospital
Eyes
Stomach

a) the person who assists the doctor;

b) a sick person in a hospital;
c) a pill for sick people;
d) a building where sick people stay in;
e) the person who takes care of sick people;
f) the organ digesting food;
g) organs helping us see;

Read & Learn

He knows me.
I meet you.
He loves her.
She hates him.
I like it.
They see us.
I call you.
We know them.

Give me a pill.
Tell her the time.
Ask him a question.
Give us an idea.
Write them a letter.

Now fill in the gaps:

Hes my doctor. I go to _____ .
She is my friend. I tell _____ my problems.
We like our friends. We visit _______ every week.
It is my dog. I like ______.
I am his wife. He loves _______.

GRAMMAR
Pronoun Forms

I = eu
You = tu
He = el
She = ea
It = el, ea (things &
animals)
We = noi
You = voi
They = ei, ele

For
With
On
To
At
By
About

me = mine
you = tine
him = el
her = ea
it = el, ea
us = noi
you = voi
them = ei, ele

40

Me = mie
You = tie
Him = lui
Her = ei
It = lui, ei
Us = noua
You = voua
Them = lor

Reading
Human Body
One of the first things you need to know when working in English is the parts of the body.
You will need to learn the names of the internal (inside the skin) and external body parts.
You will also need to learn the words for the functions of each of these body parts. Here
are the basics to get you started.
Head
Inside the head is the brain, which is responsible for thinking. The top of a
person's scalp is covered with hair. Beneath the hairline at the front of the face
is the forehead. Underneath the forehead are the eyes for seeing, the nose for
smelling, and the mouth for eating. On the outside of the mouth are the lips, and on the
inside of the mouth are the teeth for biting and the tongue for tasting. Food is swallowed
down the throat. At the sides of the face are the cheeks and at the sides of the head are
the ears for hearing. At the bottom of a person's face is the chin. The jaw is located on
the inside of the cheeks and chin. The neck is what attaches the head to the upper body.
Upper Body
At the top and front of the upper body, just below the neck is the collar
bone. On the front side of the upper body is the chest, which in women
includes the breasts. Babies suck on the nipples of their mother's
breasts. Beneath the ribcage are the stomach and the waist. The navel,
more commonly referred to as the belly button, is located here as well. On the inside of
the upper body are the heart for pumping blood and the lungs for breathing. The rear
side of the upper body is called the back, inside which the spine connects the upper body
to the lower body.
Upper Limbs (arms)
The arms are attached to the shoulders. Beneath this area is called the
armpit or underarm. The upper arms have the muscles known as triceps
and biceps. The joint halfway down the arm is called the elbow. Between
the elbow and the next joint, the wrist, is the forearm. Below the wrist is
the hand with four fingers and one thumb. Beside the thumb is the index
finger. Beside the index finger is the middle finger, followed by the ring finger and the
little finger. At the ends of the fingers are fingernails.
Lower Body
Below the waist, on left and right, are the hips. Between the hips are the
reproductive organs, the penis (male) or the vagina (female). At the back of
the lower body are the buttocks for sitting on. They are also commonly referred to as the
rear end or the bum (especially with children). The internal organs in the lower body
include the intestines for digesting food, the bladder for holding liquid waste, as well as
the liver and the kidneys. This area also contains the woman's uterus, which holds a
baby when a woman is pregnant.

41

Lower Limbs (legs)

The top of the leg is called the thigh, and the joint in the middle of the leg is
the knee. The front of the lower leg is the shin and the back of the lower leg
is the calf. The ankle connects the foot to the leg. Each foot has five toes.
The smallest toe is often called the little toe while the large one is called the
big toe. At the ends of the toes are toenails.

Lesson two
Pain and Ache
When the head hurts us, we say we have a headache. But when we have an injury at
arm or leg and it hurts us, we say we have a pain in the arm or a pain in the leg. When the
stomach hurts us, we may have heartburns. Be careful, heartburns are not pains in the
heart. When we have toothache we must go to the dentists.
If we watch TV or work on computer for a long time, our eyes are sore.
If weve got flu, we have sore throat, running and stuffy nose and muscular pains.
Vocabulary
Pain [pein] = durere
Ache [eik] = durere continua
To hurt [h:t] = a durea
Headache [hedeik] = migrena
Injury [ind3ri] = rana
Heartburn [ha:tb:n] = arsura la stomac
Toothache [tu:eik] = durere de dinti
Sore [s:] = durere
Flu = gripa
Throat [rout] = gat (int.)
Running = care curge
Stuffy [st fi] = infundat
Look on the model and talk:
a headache
earache
a stomachache
toothache
heartburns
flu
a cold
a cough

Whats the matter with you?

Ive got a headache

Whats the matter with her/him?

He/Shes got a cold

42

The Skeleton of a Human

43

 Lesson three
On the Way to the Chemists
-

Good morning, George!

Good morning, Sarah!
Where are you going, George?
Im going to the chemists.
Whats the matter with you?
I have an awful headache and my wifes got flu. I need some medicines for
both of us.
Where are you going, Sarah?
Im going to the pharmacy, too.
Are you ill?
No, Im not but my son is.
Whats the matter with him?
He has a strong toothache and hates going to the dentists. So, he needs a
painkiller for the moment.
Then, lets go together!

Read next sentences and say which are true or false:

George is healthy.
Sarah is ill.
George has a toothache.
Sarahs son has got flu.
Georges wife has got flu.
Tom and Sarah will go to the pharmacy together.
Now watch the model and do the same (where possible):
George isnt healthy, he is ill. He has a headache.

Remember!

Whats the matter with you?

Whats the matter with him?
Whats the matter with her?
Whats the matter with them?

44

 Lesson four
Im Going to the Doctors
Ann: Hello, Mary!
How are you doing?
Mary: Hello, Ann!
Im doing badly. I feel sick.
Ann: And where are you going now?
Mary: Well, Im going to the doctors.
But how are you and your family doing?
Ann: Im well, Im going shopping, as for my family, they are fine too, my daughter is
studying for exams, my son is helping his father repair the car. Our car isnt
working
anymore and my husband is fixing it.
Hows your family doing?
Mary: They are fine. My husband and my children are at home. They are waiting for my
parents to come.
I think they are watching a film on TV now.
Ann: So, get better soon. So long, Mary!
Mary: So long!
Vocabulary
Bad [bd] = (adj.) rau
Badly = (adv.) rau

Sick [sik] = bolnav/-a

To repair [ri`p:] = a repara

Useful Expressions
How are you doing? = Ce mai faci?
As for = cat despre
To go shopping = a merge la cumparaturi.
At the doctors (cabinet) = la doctor
To get better soon = a se face bine repede

!!!

How are you doing? Ce mai faci?

Im doing fine.
What are you doing? Ce faci tu (acum)?
Im writing a letter.

45

Read
What is he? Hes a surgeon.
What is he doing? He is operating a patient.
Whats she? Shes a nurse.
What is she doing? She is helping the doctor.

Whats he? Hes a dentist.

Whats he doing? He is filling up a tooth cavity.

Whats this? This is a syringe.

What is it containing? Its containing a medicine.

Exercises
1. Look at the pictures! What are they doing?

____________

_______________

____________

______________

____________

_______________

____________

______________

____________

_____________

______________

______________

____________

_____________

______________

______________

2. Work on the model:

46

Is he reading a book? / playing in the garden.

No, he isnt. He isnt reading a book. Hes playing in the garden.
a) Are you watching a film? / listening to music.
b) Is she going shopping? / going to the doctors.
c) Are they talking? / working.
d) Is he repairing the car? / driving a car.
e) Are you eating a cake? / drinking a fruit juice.
3. Finish next sentences:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)

What are they saying? They are saying

What is he doing? He ..
Where is she going? She is .
Where are they staying? They.
What is the boy listening to? The boy
What is the father watching? He is .
What are they talking about? They..
What is the doctor doing? He..
Where is the nurse going?...

GRAMMAR
The Continuous Present Tense
Definition: It shows an action in full progress in the moment of speaking.

S + To Be (present tense) + Verb ing.

To Be (present tense) + S + Verb ing?
S + To Be (present tense) + not + Verb ing.
Affirmative form
I am talking
You are talking
He / She is talking
We are talking
You are talking
They are talking

Interrogative form
Am I talking?
Are you talking?
Is he/she talking?
Are we talking?
Are you talking?
Are they talking?

Short Forms:
I am talking = Im talking
Im not talking
You are talking = Youre talking
You arent talking
He is talking = Hes talking
He isnt talking
47

Negative Form
I am not talking
You are not talking
He/She is not talking
We are not talking
You are not talking
They are not talking

 Lesson five
At the Doctors
Doctor:
Patient:
Doctor:
Patient:
Doctor:
Patient:
Doctor:
Patient:
Doctor:

Patient:
Doctor:

Next, please!
Good morning, doctor!
Good morning!
Come in and sit down, please.
Whats the matter with you?
My names John Smith. I feel sick; I think Ive got a cold.
Lets see whats about.
Open your mouth. Oh, you have tonsillitis.
I have a sore throat indeed.
You must be running a temperature.
Do you have headaches?
Yes, I have an awful headache and my eyes are sore.
Youve got flu, Mr Smith. You must take care of you and treat this sickness
seriously. You must stay indoors, drink hot tea and much fruit juice, eat
lemons and oranges and follow this treatment.
Here you are a prescription; some tablets to lower temperature, some drops
for throat, syrup for cough and nose drops.
You must follow my directions. Take these tablets twice a day, after meals,
the syrup, two spoonfuls three times a day, suck four cough drops and drip
three drops into each nostril when needed.
Thank you very much, doctor.
Good-bye!
Get better!
Good-bye!

Vocabulary
Ti sit = a sedea
Down = jos
Tonsillitis [tnsi`laities] = amigdalita
Nostril [nstrl] = nara
Mouth [mau] = gura
Indeed [in`di:d] = intr-adevar
Sickness = boala
to lower = a scadea
spoonful [spu:nfl] = continutul dintr-o lungura
to drip = a picura
drops = picaturi, dropsuri
Useful Expressions
Whats the matter? = care-i problema?
Lets see whats about = sa vedem despre ce-i vorba;
Here you are = poftim
Get better! = fa-te bine

Answer the questions:

48

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Whats the patients name?.....................................................................................

Whats the matter with him?...................................................................................
Which are his simptoms?........................................................................................
Whats the diagnisis?..............................................................................................
Whats the treatment?.............................................................................................

Reading
Doctor's Diagnosis

Physician

Patient

Your test results have come in.

I'm afraid the prognosis isn't good.
You have a long road to recovery.
We have several options to discuss.
The blood test came back negative.
The transfusion was a success.
It looks like you're ready to go home.
I'd like to keep you here over night.
We'll know more in a few days.
You're not in the clear yet.
We've ruled out diabetes.
I'm hoping to get to the bottom of this
soon.

I don't understand what this means.

Am I going to need surgery?
Is it good news or bad?
When will the tests results come in?
How long do I have to stay in the
hospital?
What is the success rate?
Are they going to run more tests?
Is this a common problem for
people my age?
I'd like to discuss other options.
I'm going to get a second opinion.

Sample Conversation
Doctor: Hi Jessica. How are you feeling today?
Patient: A bit better.
Doctor: That's good to hear. Are you still feeling nauseous?
Patient: No, I haven't felt sick to my stomach since you switched my medication.
Doctor: Great. Say, your test results came in this morning.
Patient: It's about time. Is it good news or bad?
Doctor: I guess it's a bit of both. Which do you want first?
Patient: Let's get the bad news over with.
Doctor: Okay. It looks like you're going to need surgery to remove the tumour from
your leg. After the operation you're going to have to stay off your feet for at
least three weeks. That means no soccer.
Patient: I was afraid you were going to say that.
Doctor: Now for the good news. The biopsy shows that the tumour is benign, which
49

means it's not cancerous. We're going to take it out anyway just to be on the
safe side.
Patient: Wow, that's a load off my mind. Thanks Doctor.
Doctor: Don't get too excited. We still need to get to the bottom of all of this weight
loss.
Patient: I've probably just been so worried about this stupid lump.
Doctor: These things often are stress related, but we're still going to do a few blood tests
just to rule a few things out.
Patient: Things like what? Cancer?
Doctor: Actually, I'm thinking more along the lines of a food allergy.

Check your understanding

1

Why did the woman have to switch medication?

What bad news does the doctor give the patient?

What medical procedure did the patient already undergo?

50

 GRAMMAR
The Simple Past Tense
Definition: This tense shows an action started and ended in the past.
-ed (regular vb.):

to ask - asked

Affirmative Form: S + verb

-2nd form (irregular vb.):
Interrogative Form: Did + S + verb (short infinitive)?

to write - wrote

Did you ask?

Did he write?

Negative form:
S + did not/didnt + verb (short infinitive):
I did not ask./I didnt ask.He did not write./He didnt write
!!! WRITING PROBLEMS !!!
Verbs ending in consonant preceded by short vowel, double the final consonant;
To refer preferred
To stop stopped
To occur occurred
Verbs ending in consonant + y change y into i and add ed;
To try tried
To study studied
Verbs ending in vowel + y add ed no change produces;
To play played
To stay stayed
Verbs ending in e, drop final e and add ed no double e;
To live lived
Verbs ending in l, double final l before adding ed;
To travel travelled / (BE)
- traveled / (AE)
The Continuous Past Tense
Definition: This tense shows: - actions going on at a certain time in the past
- actions taking place at the same time
- an action in the past that is interrupted by another action

A.F.S + was/were + vb-ing

N.F
S + was/ were + not +vb-ing
I.F.
Was/Were + S + Vb-ing

He was speaking.
He was not speaking.
Was he speaking?

Key words: at this time yesterday/ last........; when, while, as long as

51

UNIT 6 PHARMACEUTICS

Lesson one
Medicine from the forest
Many little plants from the rain forests save thousands of lives every year. In the
1960s scientists discovered that they could use them to make a medicine that cures some
kinds of cancer.
People who live in the rain forests collect plants. They use the plants in many
different ways. Sometimes they make medicines from these plants and use them when they
are ill.
Scientists go to the rain forests to pick medicinal plants. They study those plants in
laboratories and make medicines from them. Then factories make lots of the new medicine
to give to people who are ill.
Vocabulary
Forest = padure
Rain forest = padure tropicala
To discover = a descoperi
To cure [kju:] = a vindeca
Ill = bolnav
Factory = fabrica
Answer the questions:
1. Why are the plants from the rain forests so important?
2. Who study these plants?
3. What disease can the plants cure?
Read the sentences below. Look at the underlined words. Try to guess their meaning.
Doris has a headache. She must take a pain killer.
Because I was ill I went to a doctor and he gave me some medicines.
The medication I took was efficient. I cured quickly.
That pill made me feel better.
I take two tablets of this medicine once a day.

Lets talk!

What do you take

when you have?

A headache
Earache
A stomachache
Flu
A cough
A cold
A pain in your back
Toothache

When I have a headache I take a pain

killer.

Lesson two
52

What did you do ?

- Hi, Jane! I received this package yesterday.

We were at a picnic last Sunday.

The weather was fine. It didnt rain.

I worked hard yesterday. I finished all the work.

I was at the dentists last week.

I had an awful toothache.

What did you do yesterday?

I played with my dog yesterday.

Where did you go last evening?

We went to the theatre last evening.
The play we saw was very fascinating.

Exercises
53

What did you do yesterday?

I read a book.
I watched TV.

Practise:
went to the pharmacy;
bought some medicines;
took a walk in the park;
prepared powders and ointments;
collected medicinal plants;
visited a friend in the hospital;

Fill in with the right words:

What did Ann do last summer?

Last summer, Ann ______ a wonderful vacation.

She _________ France. First, she _____ to Paris.
She ________ by car and _________ many beautiful places.
Ann _________ of different historical monuments.

Took photos
Visited
Saw
Travelled
Went
Had

Work on the model:

Where did Angela go yesterday? / to the pharmacy.
Angela went to the pharmacy.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What did you buy last evening? / some pain killers.

When did he go to bed last night? / at 12 pm.
Where did they go last week? / to hospital.
How did you spend your holiday? / visit England.
What did he do last evening? / lay in bed.

Lesson three
What will you do?
54

- What will you become?

- Ill become a pharmacist assistant.
- Where will you work?
- Ill work in a pharmacy.
- What will you do at work?
- Ill help the pharmacist.
- Will you work in your town?
- No, I wont. The pharmacy Ill work in is in the country.
- And what will your sister become?
- She will become a doctor. She likes helping people get better.
- She will work in a hospital, I suppose.
- Yes, she will.
- Will she finish medical university next year?
- No, this year. And she will be an intern for one year, at least.
Read and translate next sentences
I shall / will go to the chemists tomorrow.
You will not become a phisician, youll become a chemist.
She will buy some medicines.
Will he go to the dentist tomorrow?
We shall / will work in a pharmacy.
Wont you work in a hospital?
Wont they be interns for 3 years?
Read & Practise:
What will you do tomorrow?
I will go shopping.

Prepare medicines
Play tennis
Go swimming
Go to the doctors
Go to the chemists
Clean the house
See a film
Visit my parents
Make a cake
Go in the country

Ask questions for next sentences:

e.g. Where will Tom go?
55

1. Tom will go into town. 2. Ann will go to the seaside. 3. We shall go in the mountains. 4.
They will go in the country. 5. Mary will leave tomorrow. 6. Our friends will come next
week. 7. They will buy some medicines. 8. I will visit foreign countries.

Lesson four
At the Chemists

May I help you?

Hello, how can I help you?

Do you have a prescription?

Yes, Id like a painkiller.

Id like a cough syrup.

Yes, I have. Here you are.

Lets Talk!
You are at the chemists and you want to buy some medicines. Invent a dialogue
between you and the pharmacist.
Practice:
a. Have you got paracetamol?
b. Yes, we have.
- Have you got tylenol?
- No, we havent. Im sorry!

Cough drops,
Cough syrup,
Aspirin,
A painkiller

Exercises
I.

Match the words in column A to those in column B

56

A
Head
Tooth
Stomach
Heart
Ear
Sore
Running
Stuffy

B
ache
burns

Eyes
Throat
Nose

II.

Make sentences with these combinations.

III.

Read & Practise:

What would you like?

Id like some nose drips.

A painkiller, cough drops, eye drips, an ointment, a powder, cough syrup;

Lesson five
At the pharmacy
- Good afternoon! Can I help you?
- Yes, lets hope so. Thanks God you speak English.
- Well, just a little. What seems to be wrong?
- Ive got an upset stomach, its pretty bad. Ive been up all night with it. And
now Ive got a bad headache, as well.
- I see... When did it first start?
- When I went to bed, last night.
- What did you eat?
- Oh, I ate a new dish for dinner and it must be the problem...
-Have you got diarrhoea?
- Yes. I have to go every few minutes.
- OK. Here you are some pills. Take one now and another an hour later. You
shouldnt have any problems. But be careful what you eat, you must keep a diet
a couple of days. Take this satchet of hydrating salts, too.
- Thank you very much. Good bye!
- Get better, bye!

Tasks:
57

Read the dialogue above and decide where the customer and the pharmacist are
speaking;
Tell what the customers problem is;
What does the pharmacist tell him?
Role play: Youve got a headache (toothache, pain in the back, heartburns) ask the
chemist a medicine. The chemist a fellow student must give you a medicine and
the necessary directions.

Usefull expressions:
-

May I help you / Can I help you?

How can I help you?
What can I do for you?
Id like
I want
Would you be so kind to give me

GRAMMAR
Conditional Mood
Affirmative Form: S + would / should(I, We) + verb
I should drink a cup of hot tea.
He would prefer a cough syrup.
Interrogative Form: Would / should + S + verb?
Would you like some tea?

Negative Form:

S + will / shall + not (wont / shant) + verb.

I shouldnt go to the doctors.
They would not go to the dentist.

58

Table of English Tenses

tense
Simple Present

Affirmative/Negative/Question

Use

Signal Words

action in the present taking place once, never always, every , never, normally,
often, seldom, sometimes, usually
or several times
if sentences type I (If I talk, )
facts

A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?

actions taking place one after another

action set by a timetable or schedule
Present Progressive

A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?

at the moment, just, just now,

action taking place in the moment of
Listen!, Look!, now, right now
speaking
action taking place only for a limited period of
time
action arranged for the future

Simple Past

A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?

action in the past taking place once, never or

several times
actions taking place one after another

yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990,

the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If I talked, )

action taking place in the middle of another

action
Past Progressive

A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?

action going on at a certain time in the past

when, while, as long as

actions taking place at the same time

action in the past that is interrupted by another
action

Present Perfect Simple

A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?

putting emphasis on the result

action that is still going on
action that stopped recently
finished action that has an influence on the
present
action that has taken place once, never or
several times before the moment of speaking

59

already, ever, just, never, not yet, so

far, till now, up to now

Present Perfect Progressive

A: He has been speaking.

N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking?

putting emphasis on the course or duration all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how
long?, the whole week
(not the result)
action that recently stopped or is still going on
finished action that influenced the present

Past Perfect Simple

A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?

Past Perfect Progressive

A: He had been speaking.

N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?

action taking place before a certain time in the already, just, never, not yet, once,
until that day
past
if sentence type III (If I had
sometimes interchangeable with past perfect talked, )
progressive
putting emphasis only on the fact (not the
duration)
action taking place before a certain time in the for, since, the whole day, all day
past
sometimes interchangeable with past perfect
simple
putting emphasis on the duration or course of
an action

Future I Simple

Future I Simple
(going to)
Future I Progressive

A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?

action in the future that cannot be influenced

A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?

decision made for the future

A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?

action that is going on at a certain time in the

Future II Simple

A: He will have spoken.

N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?

Future II Progressive

A: He will have been speaking.

N: He will not have been speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking?

spontaneous decision
assumption with regard to the future

in a year, next , tomorrow

If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will
help you.)
assumption: I think, probably, we
might , perhaps
in one year, next week, tomorrow

conclusion with regard to the future

in one year, next week, tomorrow

future
action that is sure to happen in the near future
action that will be finished at a certain time in by Monday, in a week
the future

future

60

action taking place before a certain time in the for , the last couple of hours, all
day long

putting emphasis on the course of an action

Conditional I Simple

A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?

action that might take place

Conditional I Progressive

A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?

action that might take place

Conditional II Simple

putting emphasis on the course / duration of

the action

61

if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would go home.)

IRREGULAR VERBS
arise
awake
be
bear
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bid
(farewell)
bid
(offer amount)
bind
bite
bleed
blow
break
breed
bring
broadcast broadcast
build
burn
burst
bust
buy
cast
catch
choose
cling
clothe
come
cost
creep
cut
deal
dig
disprove
dive (jump head-first)
dive (scuba diving)
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
dwell
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fit (tailor, change size)
fit (be right size)

arose
awakened / awoke
was, were
bore
beat
became
began
bent
bet

arisen
awakened / awoken
been
born / borne
beaten / beat
become
begun
bent
bet

bid / bade

bidden

bid
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burned / burnt [?]
burst
busted / bust
bought
cast
caught
chose
clung
clothed / clad [?]
came
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
disproved
dove / dived
dived / dove
did
drew
dreamed / dreamt [?]
drank
drove
dwelt / dwelled [?]
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fitted / fit [?]
fit / fitted [?]

bid
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burned / burnt [?]
burst
busted / bust
bought
cast
caught
chosen
clung
clothed / clad [?]
come
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
disproved / disproven
dived
dived
done
drawn
dreamed / dreamt [?]
drunk
driven
dwelt / dwelled [?]
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fitted / fit [?]
fit / fitted [?]

62

flee
fling
fly
forbid
forecast
forego (also forgo)
foresee
foretell
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grind
grow
handwrite
hang
have
hear
hew
hide
hit
hold
hurt
input
keep
kneel
knit
know
lay
lead
lean
leap
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lip-read
lose
make
mean
meet
mistake
misunderstand
mow
pay
preset
prove
put
quit
read
rid
ride

fled
flung
flew
forbade
forecast
forewent
foresaw
foretold
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
ground
grew
handwrote
hung
had
heard
hewed
hid
hit
held
hurt
input / inputted
kept
knelt / kneeled
knitted / knit
knew
laid
led
leaned / leant [?]
leaped / leapt [?]
learned / learnt [?]
left
lent
let
lay
lit / lighted
lip-read
lost
made
meant
met
mistook
misunderstood
mowed
paid
preset
proved
put
quit / quitted [?]
read (sounds like "red")
rid
rode

63

fled
flung
flown
forbidden
forecast
foregone
foreseen
foretold
forgotten / forgot [?]
forgiven
frozen
gotten / got [?]
given
gone
ground
grown
handwritten
hung
had
heard
hewn / hewed
hidden
hit
held
hurt
input / inputted
kept
knelt / kneeled
knitted / knit
known
laid
led
leaned / leant [?]
leaped / leapt [?]
learned / learnt [?]
left
lent
let
lain
lit / lighted
lip-read
lost
made
meant
met
mistaken
misunderstood
mowed / mown
paid
preset
proven / proved
put
quit / quitted [?]
read (sounds like "red")
rid
ridden

ring
rise
run
saw
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shave
shear
shed
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
slide
sling
smell
sow
speak
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spit
split
spoil
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
stink
stride
strike (delete)
strike (hit)
string
strive
swear
sweat
sweep
swell
swim
swing

rang
rose
ran
sawed
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shaved
sheared
shed
shined / shone [?]
shot
showed
shrank / shrunk
shut
sang
sank / sunk
sat
slept
slid
slung
smelled / smelt [?]
sowed
spoke
sped / speeded
spelled
spent
spilled
spun
spit / spat
split
spoiled
spread
sprang / sprung
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stunk / stank
strode
struck
struck
strung
strove / strived
swore
sweat / sweated
swept
swelled
swam
swung

64

rung
risen
run
sawed / sawn
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn / sewed
shaken
shaved / shaven
sheared / shorn
shed
shined / shone [?]
shot
shown / showed
shrunk
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slept
slid
slung
smelled / smelt [?]
sown / sowed
spoken
sped / speeded
spelled
spent
spilled
spun
spit / spat
split
spoiled
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
stridden
stricken
struck / stricken
strung
striven / strived
sworn
sweat / sweated
swept
swollen / swelled
swum
swung

take
teach
tear
telecast
tell
think
throw
thrust
uphold
upset
wake
wear
weave
wed
weep
wet
win
wind
withdraw
withhold
withstand
wring
write

took
taught
tore
telecast
told
thought
threw
thrust
upheld
upset
woke / waked
wore
wove / weaved
wed / wedded
wept
wet
won
wound
withdrew
withheld
withstood
wrung
wrote

taken
taught
torn
telecast
told
thought
thrown
thrust
upheld
upset
woken / waked
worn
woven / weaved
wed / wedded
wept
wet
won
wound
withdrawn
withheld
withstood
wrung
written

65