F

330
Narmadha English - English - Tamil Dictionary
F : (F) sixth letter of the English

alphabet; GS gJk dU er
uJ [U dU.
F : (abbr.) (F) fahrenheit; federation;
fellow; rk (qR z );
uGeg; Geck. (ee de)
F - fac
facade : (n) () the front view of

a building; a false appearance; e
eF; qzbge g[k a L
[}[g.
fable : (n) (F) legendary; fairy tale;

fiction; G eF c rgee
ezb Ecee.
fabric : (n) (Fe) cloth made by
weaving; any structure such as building;
nnF U; eg; eF
akt.
fabricate : (v) (F e ) to
manufacture; to produce; to falsify; qzbM
zb; qe; nne g
cM; fabrication : (n) (Fek)
construction; forging; built without facts;
eM; lMeeM; nnk
_[}t.
fabulous : (adj) ( ) almost
incredible; unbelievably good; legendary;
g n ; euC
V[Fk; qkkgk.
face : (n) () the front of the head

having eyes, ears, nose, chin, mouth,
forehead, etc.; FcJ ezbe,
eUe, e, enee, n,
[}i k[ GSn kc;
(v) to stand opposite to; to resist; to meet
boldly; c U sk i M; nge
ce.
face-lift : (n) (HF) a medical

treatment which tightens the loose skin to
make the face look younger; modifying the
front portion of a building to give better
appearance; euC eeGeF eS
e c [} lgF Hk
Mg gU VSuCu; MFk
abbr. : eeg. Adj : n quCu. (n) : nuCu. (v) : kuC u.
fac - fad
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
[}[g gt eck eF
g[}t.
facet : (n) () the small cut side
of a precious stone; ZF
(rg k[[}ik) Vt eeg.
facetious : (adj) (X) humorous;
in an inappropriate situation; qV
lc eFMSk[.
facial : (adj) (n) of the face;
relating to face; eg u ; eg
uggk; eUe h_M.
facile : (adj) () easy; yielding;

Lk; e ng tU.
facilitate : (v) (H) to make
easy; to stimulate; to help; Le;
e; qM.
facility : (n) (H) skill; easy; aid;
opportunity; ease; dexterity; c[g;
Lg; uc; n F ; g ;
ugcng.
facsimile : (n) (e gH) exact
reproduction of something; one's signature in
rubber stamp; akik unk Nrc ()
e; rF crJ unnF
(ak) endU uC.
331
factor : (n) (e) an agent; deputy;

a number which exactly divides another; that
which produces a result; g; zb
_t; [}MUg akt. (Two,
three, four and six are all the factors of
twelve.)
factorize : (n) (er) to find the
factors of; to resolve into factors; zb
_tee ezbMN; ereeF N.
factory : (n) (e) the place where
things are produced; workshop; [}
u; q[}cuCu.
factotum : (n) (eg) the person

employed to do all types of jobs for
someone; an erG e
k g s SF k ; en
V.
faculty : (n) (e) skill; mental
power; a branch of learning in a university;
un c [k ; gkue c ; e e
eheg akik kF N ()
in N.
fact : (n) (e) truth; reality; existence;

a thing done; s u kgk qzb g;
gngg; un.
faction : (n) (ek) a band of people
acting against others; a party;
eVeere; eV u
; eVJ
a N.
fad : (n) () an odd like or dislike;

prejudice; a pet notion; whim; craze; zb
zb z g ; i; g[} [ geg ;
NU.
factitious : (adj) (en) artificial;

discordant; un[}enk; cF
Hnk; rzk.
fade : (v) () to wither; to vanish; to

become dim; to spoil; q c M;
MF; g[U; gG; M.
332
fag : (v) (e) to tire; to serve; to toil;

to fatigue; e U F ; qh;
eMgne qhcM; t. (n) over
strain; fatigue; a younger boy who has to do
jobs for an older boy; a cigarette; eF;
; k k nc
gzPe e [} [ un c Mg
gzk; Ver.
faggot : (n) (e) a homosexual man;
a bundle of fire-wood sticks; kuC
ueeJ k; [e
eM.
fahrenheit : (n) (rk) a scale
for measuring temperature in which water
freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212
degrees. It is represented by the symbol oF
; Ek q[s 32 o eg, ec
s 212 o eg q F s
; oF k[ i l F
s kU iFNFMg.
fail : (v) (n) be unsuccessful; to
disappoint; to break down; to give up;
[}tF; e iM; g[}t;
UF; eM.
failure : (n) (n H n ) being

unsuccessful; break-down; bankruptcy; the
act of failing; ; i; ck
s; F.
faint : (adj) (nk) depressed; weak;

not bright; to fall down senseless; gkg
;
n k;
gG e k;
fag - fai
gneegk; ek[; faint hearted : (adj)

(n k ) lacking in
boldness; not brave; kgk gkg
ezb; ng [; faintness :
(n) (nkk) not being strong or
clear; g[}[U; L[}[U.
fair : (n) () exhibition; market; sale;
ezb e V ; u ; [} k; (adj)
beautiful; just; of a light colour; honourable;
impartial; straight forward; hek;
gnk; Ls[gk; gcFN[}
n; Lk; snngk; (adv)
politely; in a good manner; lzeek;
eeF zb k ; fairly : (adv)
(H) moderately; justly; gre;
snnge.
fairness : (n) (k) justice; honesty;
impartiality;
snng ;
g;
rukg.
fairy : (n) () an imaginary creature
with magical powers which looks like a small
person with wings; gPR n ue c
ezb l[ee q .
faith : (n) (n) belief; trust; loyalty;

confidence; g N e e; ug ;
cg N e e; faithful
:
(adj)
(n ) loyal; true; honest;
ugk; qzb gnk; g
nk; gNeeen; faithfully : (adv)
(n H ) truthfully; loyally;
qzbgne; uM; faithful
ness : (n) (nk) truthful
ness; confidence; loyalty; gkgFNn
qzb g; d g N e e; ug ;
faithless : (adj) (n) false;
disloyal; unreliable; unbelievable; Ure
gk; ug[} [ ; g e;
fak - fam
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
333
gNeen. (A faithless friend

teaches more than books.)
falls : (n) () the place where a

river suddenly drops over a steep; EhuV
C .
fake : (v) (e) to forge; to deceive; to

hide the defects; Hnk e
n un U g[} t ; e F ;
[e g[cM; (n) a swindle;
deceiving by making an imitation; gu;
HF n un U
g[}t.
false : (adj/adv) () not real;

artificial; incorrect; faithless; qzbg
n ; un[} enk; [k;
Uregk.
falcon : (n) (ek) a bird with pointed

wings and a long tail which can be trained
to hunt other birds and small animals; hawk,
a bird of prey; Ezb _gnk
l[e eee ezb Ug , Vt
[e g[} t g Vt G e
nM[}F heeFU
gk [; lroL; t.
falsehood: (n) ( { ) lie;

dishonesty; deceitfulness; n; g
n[}[ kg; ueg; falsely : (adv)
(H
) in a false manner; nne;
Hne; [e; Urege; falsity :
(n) () treachery; deceitfulness;
Ureg; g[}tg kg.
falter : (v) () to stammer; to
hesitate; to waver in action; ceSF VM;
ne e g e ; unH Mg[} [ g
.
fame : (n) (g) renown; the state of
being well known; [}n; c
; eh.
famed : (adj) (g) renowned; c
n; eh [}[.
fall : (v) () to drop down; to fail; to

sink low; to become less; to descend; to
happen; d c M; iM; h
sJk
;
[ c M;
l[GSM; M; (n) decline; act of falling;
decrease; l[eeg; huCV; [.
fallibility : (n) (HNH) tendency to
be fallible; t uncMg kg.
fallible : (adj) (HN) liable to commit
mistakes; t lh c e _n;
tg kgn .
fallow : (n) () ploughed but left
without cultivation; unproductive; qdUg
JF; uCu[}[; uk
fallow deer : (n) ( ~) a yellowish
or brownish deer, smaller than the stag;
gu () dFs[ gk e; zb
gk VinU.
familiar : (adj) (Hn) well-known;

too friendly; k[e ; k
heegk.
familiarity : (n) (Hn )
intimacy; close contact; thorough knowledge
of something; freedom of behaviour;
k > nk > ng ;
e e gk
heeg; ak[F [}in h i;
crgk .
familiarize : (v) (Hnr) to make
well-known; to make one well informed
about; uC u nge ; a n c
heeg [}Mce e.
334
family : (n) (H) a house-hold;

parents and their children; all those people
descended from a common person; a group
of related plants, animals, language etc;
Mgg; gug; rgr; gr ;
r lkg, GSkg, g lkg
k[.
family planning : (n) (H F>G)

the practice of using contraception to control
the birth of children; e
ukGe qneFMc h
[g eMFMUg [.
famine : (n) (k) scarcity of food;
qzF [}[e[; ug.
famished : (adj) (R) very hungry;
Vk q.
famous : (adj) (g) renowned; wellknown; having fame; i; eh
[}[.
fan1 : (n) (k) a device to provide a

flow of air, either an object made of folded
paper, cloth, plastic, etc. that you wave in
front of your face with your hand or an electric
device that has wide blades that turn around;
e Vi; e[}[ ukg; k
Vi; (v) to produce a flow of air with a
fan; to winnow and separate the chaff; to
make
more
vigorous; ViM;
e[} [ qzb e ; [} i
e Ee; Zrge.
fam - fan
fan2 : (n) (k) one who has great interest

in and admiration for a person, sport, sports
team etc.; , n M ,
nMe d k[[}i U
akik rVe; Ng>.
fanatic : (n) (ke) the man filled with

excessive enthusiasm about his religion, faith,
etc; gg , e e k [ [} i
Zrg ezb F ; e e
in.
fanciful : (adj) (k) fictitiously
and beautifully got up; whimsical;
gkg k
e
ezb ;
e[} knk; hek; ukF e
n.
fancy : (n) (k ) imagination;
inclination; liking; fondness; an idea not based
on fact or reason; e[}k; gkg;
a ug ; u; F g ;
qzbge aUg, erzg e
lnUgk
zb z g ,
e U
k[; (adj) of exceptional appeal;
queer; made to please the taste;
e u C V n;
kgk;
FF neeF.
fanfare : (n) (k) a loud short
piece of music played usually on a trumpet,
to introduce the arrival of someone or a
special event; eSn k e [}i
ieg ge () V[F sehuCV
seh lF ie g ge
dFFMg ee heeg.
fang : (n) (G) sharp and pointed tooth
of animals; poison-tooth; erF ;
uCF.
fan - fas
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
fangle : (n) (Ge) fashion; style;

eeg; g; .
335
farmer : (n) ( g ) cultivator;

JM; uJ.
fantasize : (v) (k) to form

strange ideas mentally; gne e[}ke
qzbe.
fantastic : (adj) (ke) wonder
ful; highly fanciful; strange; uCungk;
eg qk k gk; gk;
cnugk.
far : (adj) () being at a great distance;
q ; (adv) at a great
distance; .
farm house : (n) (()g ) the

main house in a farm; zbz M.
farming : (n) (()G) cultivation;
J; ung.
faraway : (adj) (r) distant;

B.
farce : (n) () pretence; a short
humorous play; uG ; g ;
nzb eg.
fare : (n) () cost of journey; food;

zb e _ H; qz; (v) to go on a
journey; to perform; to live; to turn out;
nzg un; un[}t; hcM;
sehU.
farewell : (inter.j) () good bye;
happy good bye; t.
farfetched : (adj) (uC) not
connected to the topic; not at all probable;
ce e[}knk; N;
sehe _n.
farflung : (adj) (FG) extending
over a long distance; rg
r.
farm : (n) (g) an area of land under
cultivation; JF Mg sg ;
unFzbz; (v) to cultivate; to
work as a farm worker; JM; zbz
ne un.
farmyard : (n) (gn) an area

surrounded by farm buildings; eh>;
zbzL.
far off : (adv) ( F) distant with
respect to space and time; lg, eg
Sn[} [F t U eg
k.
far-reaching : (adj) (&uCVG) giving
wide scope; eg cF [}Me
_n.
fart : (v) () to force out air from
bowels; H>kt e[}ik L
n[}t; (n) an escape of gas from the
bowels; H lU e[}t L
nt.
farther : (adj) () in addition to;
moreover; more remote; lkPg; gBg
q; rgk.
fascinate : (v) (k) to attract
powerfully; to bewitch; to charm; ec
M;
geg e uC un ; g c r
eM; Vng un.
fascism : (n) (g) a government
by a dictator, having all powers; uCuc
336
er r; ucer r. (Mussolini
played a key role in the rise of fascism in
Italy in the 1920s.)
fashion : (n) (k) style of dress,
behaviour, etc.; , q, heeg; (v)
to give a shape or form to; qe;
ugcM; fashionable : (adv) (
kN) stylish; characteristic of fashion;
eegk; fashionably : (adv)
(kFH) in a fashionable manner;
eegk.
fast : (v) () to abstain from food;

to eat no food; qzk eSM;
>; rg (adj) steadily fixed; quick;
unU leSk[; rk; (adv)
steadily; firmly; quickly; soundly;
lte e ge; un; re;
h.
fasten : (v) (k) to join together; to
close firmly; uU
eM; lteFNz.
fastidious : (adj) (n) difficult
to please; dainty; ekge
M;
Lc cFc c; gk.
fat : (n) () a greasy substance found
in human and animal body; edF; (adj)
fleshy; plumpy; ed; uF [}t;
(v) to grow fat; to make fat; to fatten;
ede e c M; ede g
un ; qg k le e uC
uncM.
fatal : (adj) () causing death;

causing ruin; qJe
fas - fat
e S k [ ; uzb e S[;
fatally : (adv) (H) in a disastrous
manner; uerge; qzbg
eJ; grzg qzbg.
fate : (n) () destiny; death; c;
grzg; fateful : (adj) ()
subject to fate; involving very important
consequences; cu sehe_n;
eg e S ngk e
qeSn.
father1 : (n) () the male parent; an
originator; F; ; rgN;
n ezbMNFNkuC un;
(v) to beget; to be the author; to originate;
N[FNk [}MU; Fke
lcM; UGSM.
father2 : (n) () the supreme being;

God; a title of respect for a Roman Catholic
christian priest; g ;
qn
; e; rgk eHeeF
cne qn erF g.
fatherhood : (n) ({) the state
of being a father; ne lcMg
s; Ng.
father-in-law : (n) (&lk&) the
father of a person's wife or husband;
ggk; gkJk () ez>k
.
fatherland : (n) (zb) one's own
country; (og>n heS) n M.
fathom : (n) (g) a measure of depth
of six feet; t hg; ; (v) to
find the depth of; to investigate; he
ezbMN; ni; fathomless : (adj)
(g) bottomless; too deep; too
deep to be understood; ez
fat - faz
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
n; eg hgk; U
e ln.
fatigue : (n) (~e ) weariness;
tiresomeness; the work that makes someone
tired; exhaustion; breaking metal by
hammering;
eF ;
nug ;
eF [uC un g ; ;
U U qee e n
q; (v) to make tired; to weaken a
metal by continuous hammering; u[uC
un; eFnuC un; a qee
en uggn U U
gHnuC un.
fatten : (v) (k) to grow fat; to

make fat; ede g un ;
gkeSM.
fatuous : (adj) () foolishly

stupid; silly without knowing the same; ge
kgk; g c.
337
to help; k eM; gNee YM;

c M; egF M; qM;
favourable : (adj) (rN) helpful;
advantageous; showing agreement;
rk; P_gk; ug g g
eSk[.
favourite : (n) () a person or
thing that is liked very much; Nn gk;
uF ; (adj) liked most;
beloved; pleasing; eg gF;
eg Ve e F ; gkUe
l>gnk;
gkc[}
qe ;
favouritism : (n) ( g )
partiality; the practice of favouring;
aFug; uBe g un.
fawn : (n) (k) young deer; a pale
yellowish brown colour; gk; ViU
gu e dF s[g; (adj) having
a pale yellowish brown colour; u[}t gu
e dF s[g ezb; (v) to seek
attention by servile behaviour; to flatter;
egz e ek \cM
() uBe t; eUc un.
fax : (n) (e ) a machine that
electronically reproduces letters and
documents to distant places; LM
eeg, q erG
eeg kk [J eGe,
zG e Sn[} i k e
PFNMg lncrg.
faucet : (n) () a tap; hn;

hJk nFc.
fault : (n) () an error; bad or weak
point; flaw; blemish; Nh; kgk
c; [M; eGeg; [}[g.
favour : (n) () good-will; help;
kindness; partiality; zbzg; q;
qerg; k; uBe; (v) to show
kindness; to believe in; to support; to oblige;
fay : (n) () an imp; a fairy; F

Nu. .
faze : (v) () to surprise in order to
prevent an action or a speech; to perturb;
un[} t F gt c~rk
338
uCunc hU; gk gcn

lh.
fear : (n) (Nn) dread; the feeling of being
afraid; uCug; ng; n qz; (v) be
afraid of; to hesitate; nFM; nGSM;
fearlessness: (Nn k) the
quality of being fearless; boldness; uCug
lg; nkg; ng.
fea - fee
feather : (n) () the soft covering of

bird's body; plume; [Jk gkg
nk l[; (v) to provide with feather; to
cover with feathers; l[e ezbM
hM U ; l[ee ezb M
M.
feature : (n) (uCu) prominent part; a
special article in a newspaper; noticeable part
of the face; ugk gug; eSnF
c; un c F c eJ L
ng V[Fe eMr; e [}[g.
February : (n) (Fr) the second
month of English year; GS ck
lrzbU ggk NFr.
feasible : (adj) (N) capable of

being done; possible; practicable; unU
c e _ n;
[J ;
ucngk; unne_n.
feast : (n) () banquet; enjoyable
occasion; anything that pleases the senses
greatly; U; gShuV
C YMg sehuV
C ;
h; zbe; kee u
gLcMg ng ()a ; (v)
to eat plentifully and drink well; to take part
in a feast; to provide a feast; s[n qzb;
k[ee ; c eU e;
U LcM.
feat : (n) () a very difficult deed; trick;

courageous action; ekgk un;
; uk.
feces/faeces : (n) (X) excrement;

sediment; gg; zb.
feckless : (adj) (e) worthless;
ineffective; feeble; nk[}[; n
gk;
q; kgk.
fecund : (adj) (ezb) very productive;
capable of bringing forth offspring; fertile;
P ; h [e _ n;
gk; fecundity : (n) (ek)
the quality of being productive; fertility;
kLeg kg; g; etg
kg.
fed : (v) () past simple and past
participle of feed; 'feed' kk l[
e [} [uC u g . fed-up :
(&F) tUF .
federal : (adj) (r) united by treaty,
goodwill or bargain of or being a federation;
aF c k Je ak t u
rVn lzF [} M c Mg
_V [ [}in.
federation : (n) (rk) formation
of political unity; the act of federating or
uniting in a league; aGSz rVn
kg; |eSn kg.
fee : (n) () the money paid for services;
the money paid for school tuition; entrance
fee - fel
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
339
amount for an examination; wages; ugg;

L e e zg ; e e zg ;
_H.
consciousness; the sense of touch; emotion;

gHn qzuCV; icMg kg;
M qz; gke SuCV.
feeble : (adj) (N) lacking strength;

weak; infirm; lacking force; dim; not quite
audible; Bh ; kgk;
ue c n[} [ ; gG e k; unee ec
h.
feet : (n.pl.) () the lower end of the

legs; Ge.
feed : (v) () to take food; to give food;

to insert into a machine; qz qe;
qzLcM; lncrc (F
k[[}[e) eMcM; feedback
: (n) (e) remarks of an action
passed on to the person concerned; a
process which employs a part of the
information produced as an additional means
of control and regulation of the system; a
unF
[} i n
iF ee
iFN ae PF;
a iJHU LFMg uec
() uncJk a cn, zbMg
F ine
e M F M c
lneSM[}F nkMcMg a
[.
feeder : (n) () a person who feeds;
that which feeds; supplying unit; the part of
the fountain pen that regulates the flow of
ink; qz LF ; U ak t
eMeSk[ U; hGg N;
g WreF nc qg k
k kk e.
feel : (v) () be conscious of; to
undergo; to touch with hands to find out the
quality etc.; qz c M; q M;
MFU
icM; (n) a sensation
of something felt; qz; qz;
feeling : (n) (HG ) sensibility; a
feign : (v) (nk) to forge; to pretend;

Hne n un; uG un.
feint : (n)(nk) pretence; deception;
a false attack to mislead the enemy;
uG un; g[}t; gug
un ; cJk ek cu
cFuC uncMg nnk e;
(v) to make a feint; nuCu eM.
felicitate : (v) (H) to offer
greetings and best wishes; to express joy at
one's good luck; to congratulate; to gladden;
hU cM; ak [}i
i U gSh u C V n c M;
rM; uFMU; felicitation :
(n) (Hk ) good wishes;
congratulation; congratulating; hU
;
gShuCV; hUg sehuCV; felicitous :
(adj) (H) happy; full of joy; apt;
gSh u C V nk; s[k gSh u C V
n; gShuCV GS[;
gk.
felicity : (n) (H) skilfulness;

bliss; happiness; ugcng; kg;
lk qz; dU U uC
J urg
340
fel - fen
feline : (n) (k) one of the cat

family; k lkuC u akt.
fell : (v) () past simple of fall; 'fall'
kk l[ eg.
fellow : (n) () associate;
companion; one of a pair; a member of a
learned society; the person who makes
research for a particular period receiving
stipend; sympathiser; _L; zbk;
hk; lzJ akt; (ee
ehe) qn e e ehe qtF N k ;
iF N eeMe sc
[}t rnuCV un; PN;
(adj) belonging to the same class; ar
FuC u.
feminine : (adj) (kk) pertaining

to women; womanly; showing the gender of
words denoting female sex; zbeuC
u; zben; zbk;
feminism : (n) (> g) the belief
that women should be allowed the same
rights, power and chances and be treated in
the same way; zb e e serk
qge ,
e , n F e
k[ zbee hGeFM
e g uugge zbMg
kPg eM.
femur : (n) (g) the long bone in the
upper part of the leg; eHk g
cJ q Bg.
Femur
fellowship : (n) (F )
companionship; a group of people or a
society of people with a shared interest; a
position of a person in a university or an
organization; a ie e ; un
[ Sn[} [e ezb ue
gF; a ee ehec ()
F k[ gFN q
a .
Femur
fence1 : (n) (k) a protecting barrier;

railing; defence; the art of defending with
sword; UeF ; H;
Ue; ee; fence2 :
(n) (k) one who buys and sells the
stolen goods; cMF e
GS [}.
felon : (n) (k) the person who has

committed a serious crime; G
[}[L.
felt : (v) () past simple and past
participle of feel; 'feel' kk l[ e
g[}tg l[ e uCug; (n) a
cloth made from a pressed mass of wool
and hair; eg L g[} t g
k[[}[e ezbM neeF
egL U.
female : (n) (g) a human being or
animal which can give a birth; zb;
zbkg; (adj) pertaining to the female
sex; zbkuC u.
fencing : (n) (kG) hedge; the

material used to put up fences; act of
constructing a fence; H; H
ge e F nk M c Mg ;
H M.
fennel : (n) (k) a plant with yellow
flowers; g u e e c Mg a
euC u; Wreg; ug.
fer - fes
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
feral : (adj) (r) wild; animality;

en; e e kgk; G F
zbee ezb.
ferment : (n) (gk) effervescence;

excitement; agitation; disorder; cU
r; SuCV; ee; hFg;
(v) to effervescence; to agitate; to excite;
c U r c uC un ; hF g
qzbgt un; SuCV qzbe.
fern : (n) (k) a variety of plant;
r kPg r e.
ferocious : (adj) (r) wild;
savage; cruel; en; rgk;
e e kgk; ferociously : (adv)
(r H ) savagely; cruelly;
eege; rge.
ferocity : (n) (r) the quality of
being cruel; erg; eMg.
ferret : (n) (r) a small animal like
weasel; someone who behaves like a ferret;
e G ; nF k t
unMg a; (v) to hunt with a
ferret; to search about by pushing; to drive
out; Vt Nrn U
nM; c M; Le
ezcM.
ferrous : (adj) (r) containing iron;
of iron; lg e; lg ug
gk.
ferry : (n) () a boat; boat service;
; u; F erU; (v)
to transport by means of vehicles; to carry
on a ferry; ekG e e ezb M
erU cM; aki
MUuC ukiM.
341
fertile : (adj) ( ) fruitful;

abundant; inventive; productive; uFk;
ceF nk; rgk; e[} k
ue c n; uF n; gk
uC u n; fertility : (n)
(H) richness of soil; fruitfulness;
sg; udg; g; fertilization
: (n) (k) the act of
fertilizing; e qzb e ; e
c
; fertilize: (v) ()
to make productive; to enrich; to cause a
female cell like an ovum or an egg to develop
by the union with a male;
uF ne S M; ge S M;
(k uC ueen zb
e ne) ee ruC un;
fertilizer : (n) (
) a natural
or chemical substance which is spread on
the land to make plants grow well; Je
u U
c
s c [} F
FMg ln[}e U runk
qrg.
fervent : (adj) (k) earnest;
ardent; zealous; ; Vr
; gkFgk.
fervour : (n) ( ) keenness;
enthusiasm; g; eeg.
festival : (n) () a religious or
secular celebration; zbe; h.
festive : (adj) () producing a

feeling or appearance which is suitable for
a festival or other special social occasion;
full of joy; zbe () a hF
egk; gSh u C V ergk;
festivity : (n) () festival;
joyfulness; gaiety; ch; kg;
eLng.
342
festoon : (n) (k) a long wreath

or garland of flowers, leaves, etc., stretched
between two points as a decoration;
g; rzg; (v) to decorate or
adorn with festoons; rzGee
ezbM GecM.
fetch : (v) (uC) to go and bring; to

obtain as price; n M U ;
nF [}iM; fetching : (adj)
( u C V G ) attractive; charming;
euCVergk; hek.
fete : (n) (n)) a grand celebration;
a religious feast; h; ugn U;
(v) to honour by feasting; LU
erFMcM.
fes - fia
MguC uzbJ \MM; feudal :

(adj) (FY) concerning the holding of
lands in the 8th and 9th centuries in western
Europe; M g[} t g ak g
[} [ zb M
e c
g[}
|rF [J l
sF NrU [ u.
fever : (n) () a medical condition in
which the body temperature is higher than
usual and the heart beats very fast; a state
of great excitement; ln UF eg
cegeg , qHk qR z s
lnk sn cegeg
q qe [M; enuCu;
rg ,
ceF nk
S u C V ;
eLF; feverish: (adj) (R)
having fever; uneasy; undue; enuuC B;
o{r; skg[}[; gk.
fetid/foetid : (adj) (/)

giving out a bad smell; U[}[n.
fetter : (n) () a chain used to
restrain a prisoner's feet in the past;
[}ec ecee lMg e
G; (v) to tie someone to a place by
putting chains around their legs to keep them
within limits; ak e e L
uGSHn NzU c eM;
ar iFN e
ee cM.
few : (adj) (FY) not many; small in

numbers; eugk; V.
fiance : (n) (Nnk) the man to whom
the woman is engaged to be married; a
zb e suC u ng un n F
gzgek.
fettle : (n) () good condition;

fitness; s; c.
fetus : (n) () fully grown up young
one in the womb; rz uCV[}[ e;
eFcB V.
feud : (n) (FY) a private long standing
quarrel between families, tribes, etc.;
MgF e, lkuC uzb
k[; (v) to engage in a feud;
fiancee : (n) (NnkX) the woman to

whom the man is engaged to be married;
a Pe suC u Je e F
gzge.
fia - fie
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
fiasco : (n) (Nne) a total failure;

a complete failure of a proposed plan;
M ;
Z n
c c
qzbk M.
343
fiction : (n) (Nek) an imaginary or

invented story; a novel; falsehood;
e[}kee; ; ckg; n.
fictitious : (adj)(Nen) imaginary;
spurious; false; not real; e[}knk;
Hnk; n n k; qzb g
l.
fictionalize : (v) (Nek) to make
into
fiction; e[} ke en
qeSM.
fiat : (n) (Nn) an order given by a

person in authority; cer ge
ar eMeeFMg z ()
e.
fiddle : (n) (N) a stringed musical

instrument; violin; dishonesty; c
luee; nHk; gug; ueg;
znkg; (v) to play on violin; to
move things or touch things without any
purpose; to act dishonestly in order to get
something for oneself; to change something
dishonestly especially to self advantage;
nHk lucM; nc[}ee
u ege c M; a
nuegeF [}iM.
fib : (n) (NF) mild and harmless lie;

Zgn c n. (v) to
tell lies; n _iM; n VM.
fibre : (n) () a thin thread of a
natural or artificial substance, which is used
to make clothes or ropes; Ue ;
eJte k [ [} [ n c
qg ue k [ [} i H U
[FMg U un[}ene
neeFMg lh; fibrositis : (n)
(Fr) a painful rheumatic
swelling of the muscles; ueL
qzbg eeg Hg ezb
n.
fibula : (n) (N) the outer of the two
bones in the lower part of the human leg;
h e eH ezF Mg LF [
Bg.
fickle : (adj) (Ne) changing often; ever
changing in mind; sJ; ukgk
gksn.
fidelity : (n) (NH ) loyalty;

faithfulness; honesty; chastity; exactness;
ug ; qzb gnn l ;
g N e ek U e ;
e[}; UHnge aU l.
fidget : (v) (NK) to move restlessly;
to make uneasy; N[e uCuMg
zbzg cM; gc lhcuC
un.
field : (n) () land; enclosed for
cultivation, or pasture; open space; place of
action; a branch of knowledge; n;
gn F sg ; c[ L; un[}
_g ; i ceL ak t ;
fielder : (n) () a player in cricket,
344
baseball, etc. who is fielding; See,

k [ n M eL
e e F Mg c kF N U
k e eMFMU
.
field-marshal : (n) (&g) an
officer in the army who has the highest rank;
lr qn ce.
field-work : (n) (M&ae) the gathering

of information about something in a real,
natural environments, rather than in a place
of study such as a laboratory or classroom;
uke _g () F [
k [ [} i tg e ni
g M g U [} t F [G e e uC
uk t e ug gk qzb guC
un c euC
ue c Mg
;
F e Ln un n F Mg
eF.
fiend : (n) (Nnk) devil, demon; fanatic
scoundrel; n , Nu, ink ;
enk; fiendish : (adj) (NnkR)
wicked; devilish; cruel; ergk;
nkgk; eMgnk.
fierce : (adj) (Nn) violent; cruel; wildlooking; angry; eager; ardent; eegk;
eMgnk; e nGergk;
egk; ; Zrgk.
fiery : (adj) (Nn) flamming; angry;
F F k t NreVe S k [ ;
en.
fie - fig
fifteen : (n) (NF~k) the number 15;

zb 15.
fifth : (determiner, pron.; adj.; adv.)
(NF) 5th; standing between four and
six; |U; (frac.) one of the five equal
parts of something; akiPn |U
GeL akt.
fifth columnist : (n) (NF e)
someone who secretly supports and helps
the enemies of the country or organization
they are in; GeU k U
Ge g stkck c
rFe reVn qeg r
g LcMg |g Jk.
fifties : (pl.n.) (NF~) the range of
temperature between 500 and 590; the
period of years between 50 and 59 in any
century; 500J lU 590rJk
qRzck ; 50c lU 59U
zbM rJk e .
fiftieth : (determiner, pron.; adj.; adv.)
50th; next to forty ninth; |gU.
fifty : (n) (NF) the number 50; zb
50.
fifty fifty : (adj, adv) of equal ratio; equally;
ugSc q; c cnk.
fig : (n) (Ne) a tree bearing pear shaped
many seeded pulpy fruits; unimportant matter;
the thing of no worth; c grg ;
cFhg; nk[}[ ng; gcF
[}[ .
fight : (n) () war; battle; quarrel;
struggle; ; g ; uzb ;
rg; (v) to struggle against; to go
to war with; rM; uzb JM;
cM.
fig - fil
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
fighter : (n) () a fast military aircraft that is used for destroying

enemy air-craft; one who fights; professional
soldier; (c) gk e S
cMg lrF gkg;
uzbJM; lr rk.
345
by mosquitoes into the blood); gHn

lh k[ n a e
aMzbFd (l eeeLk
g> e Lk r c uB F M
Sk[k.)
filariasis : (n) (Nn) a fever
caused by filaria; rg; nkee
n.
filch : (v) (NuC) to steal (something of
little value especially in small amounts) Vin
cM.
figment : (n) (Ne gk ) fancy;

imaginary or invented story; n
e[}k; eMee.
figurative : (adj) (Ner) metaphorical;
symbolical;
g[
;
qgnk.
figure : (n) (Ne) shape; number; form;
diagram; picture; a leading personality;
g; zb; qg; g; Vcrg;
gcF qn.
figure of speech : (n) (Ne F uC)
figurative use of words; u Gerg;
ung; qe .
figurine : (n) (Nek) a model of a
human usually made of clay or porcelain;
eLgzb () Gek qeeF
g> gc g.
filament : (n) (Ngk) tendril; fibre;
a glowing thin wire especially that is inside
an electric light bulb; ger ;
gHn lh; kur eSP
aLc
Mg gHn (G
k) lh.
filaria : (n) (Nn) a type of fine

thread like parasites (which are introduced
file1 : (n) () an instrument for

smoothing or wearing away (metal) by
rubbing; a holder or other device for keeping
papers etc.; a row; rg; eF; eSe
e; u; (v) to put in a file; to
match in a file; to smooth or rub with a
file; eF N lz c M;
neuC ukiM; r rM.
file2 : (n) () a program or document
stored on a disk. a gk
U zuC uU eg
c.
filial : (adj) (NHn) pertaining to a son
or daughter; gek () ge u.
filibuster : (NH) the person who
engages obstructive tactics; (as by
longwinding speech in Parliament) Meg
eeJ \MM; (e e
EgeF k g a)
gu Meg ee.
filings : (n) (HG) very small
particles filed off; the cases filed in a court
of law; r MeeFMg ; r
346
fil - fin
Ue; Ecgk[c c unnF

() rF hee.
u B n M ; g ;
crFuC .
fill : (n) (N) fullness; a complete supply;

enough to satisfy the needs; s[;
dg c un; n
s[ unc; (v) to make full; to use
fully the empty space; srF ;
eHJF c uncM.
filming : (n) (NG) making of a film;

crFg M.
filler : (n) (N) that which fills; the

person who fills; srFU; srF.
fillet : (n) (N) a strip of meat

especially beef that has no bones in it; the
flesh of a fish with the bones removed;
Bg EeeF () Bg l
g[uCV; EeeF >k
uFc.
u ;
film premiere : (n) (Ng Nn) the

first performance of a new cinema film;
cn crF g ak i k Nr ne
rGee eV.
filter1 : (n) (N) a device for
separating a liquid from the sediment;
e; (v) to separate the sediment by
passing the liquid through a filter; eM.
(Ozone is the earth's primary filter for ultra
violet radiation. The best prevention for
Cholera is to boil and filter water.
fillip : (n) (NHF) propulsion; stimulus;

jerk of finger force from the thumb; zb
i ; e e g ; ue M ;
r F; (v) cause to spin; to
stimulate; zb icM; ttFM;
eeFMU.
filter2 : (n) (N) a coloured glass

that controls or reduces the quantity of light
into a camera or telescope; eFe
e, crFe e, eS
k[[}i aLn k Wree ()
[c qMg zbze ezbz;
(adj) sent through a filter; e g
eeF.
filly : (n) (NH) a young female horse

under the age of four; k nk
zb cre .
filth : (n) (N) nasty matter; impurity;

dirt; F k eF ;
g; de; .
film : (n) (Ng) a thin celluloid-roll in

which photographs are taken; a layer; a thin
membrane; a cinema reel; eFg
Me e F nk M F Mg g H n
filthy : (adj) (Nc) unclean; foul;

gk; VGegk.
filtration : (n) (N
rk) percolation;
eM.
fin : (n) (Nk) the wing like organ which
helps the fish to balance itself and swim in
water; >k UMF.
final : (adj)(k) conclusive; ending;
last; resolved; k; ltcnk;
fin - fin
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
eVnk; qtcnk. (n) the last game

or contest in a serial and decides who is
the winner; ltc [}i tU n
k Zg>cMg eVF
() ltc nM.
finale : (n) (NkH) termination; the last
part in a concert; ; gGe lu.
347
find : (n) (zb) a good or valuable

thing that has been discovered, but was not
known about before; n;
gcF [} [ , k rBg inF
ezbMeeF ; (v) to
discover; to meet with; to reach (a goal)
ezbMN; c ezb; iee
akik F N.
finder : (n) (zb) one who finds
something; lens in a telescope or a camera;
ezbMN; a eS
() eF e eJ q
k.
finality : (n) (kH) completeness;

end; conclusiveness; dg; ;
ltc s.
finally : (adv) (kH) lastly;
ltcne; e.
finance : (n) (kk) cash; the
management of money; money; revenue;
zg ; z s eg un c ;
reeg; n; (v) to give money for;
to provide finance for advance, capital etc.;
zg
eM c M;
k zg ,
I M e k [ [} i [}
[} M un c M; financial : (adj)
(kkn) relating to money; sc
k; financially : (adv)
(kkH) with respect to finance;
sc e.
finding : (n) (zb G ) decision;

conclusion; judgement; ; ZF.
fine : (n) (k) an amount of money
that has to be paid as a punishment for not
obeying a rule or law; uUeF
[g k un e uC un
ceeFMg rg; (v) to punish with
fine; rg ccM; (adj) bright and
clear; quite pleasing; very minute particles;
slender; c nk; gk gnk;
qe ree; zbUek; g>
[.
fineness : (n) (kk) quality of
being fine; gk g; e k [ e
lcMg kg.
finger : (n) (NGe) one of the five
branching parts of the hand; e r; (v)
to touch and feel with the finger; r
M qzcM.
finger-post : (n) (NGe&) a guide
post with an arm (or arms) placed at road
crossings; e; ee grg.
financier : (n) (kkn) a person

who has control of a large amount of money
and can give or lend it to people or
organisations; g s cn s S
cMM, ge e () stkG e
e scne ekee eMU
pHF.
348
fingerprint : (n) (NGeFk) the

impression of a finger; r ng.
fin - fir
fire-brick: (n) (n&Fe) the brick that

can withstand great heat; ceFnk
F Gee_n uGe.
fire-brigade : (n) (n&Fe) a body
of trained persons for putting out fire;
ZnzFF .
finial : (n) (N>n) ornamental apex of

a spire or pinnacle; _g g ezb
er quCV () eug.
finish : (n) (N>R) end; the winding post;
symmetry; ; F M;
[} i n s z J c Mg lg ;
adGegF; (v) to complete; to achieve;
to conclude; to kill; c un; unU
e M ; un ; s[[} t ;
ektM; finished : (adj) (N>R)
completed; concluded; highly accomplished;
e e F ; s[ un n F ;
eg s[k.
finite : (adj) (>) final; having a limit;

having an end; Z ; k;
e; n.
fiord : (n) (Nn) a long narrow part of
the sea projecting inland among hills;
e[}; ee.
fire : (n) (n) condition of burning;
strong exortion; F; qzuV
C eg;
(v) to kindle; to become excited; to
discharge a gun; to dismiss; to stimulate; to
set fire; eU; UFeS n M;
J l U Ee S M; zb M ;
FNM.
firearms : (n) (ng
) guns, pistols,
rifles, etc.; UFeS, e UFeS
k[ eg e ee.
fire-engine : (n) (n & V k ) a

machine, used for putting out fire;
Znzeg lncrg.
fire-extinguisher : (n) (n &
e
G) a metal container filled with
carbon-di-oxide to be used at an emergency
to put out fire; en
srFF M. (ur ec
nkMe_nU.)
firefly : (n) (nF) an insect which

is active during the night hours and whose
tail shines on and off in the dark;
lrF dc ezF Mg k
>F uCV.
fire-man : (n) (ngk) the person who
is employed to stop fires from burning and
also sometimes to save people from fires
or serious accidents; the person who feeds
the fire in a locomotive, stoker; ZnzF
r; lrJ Er kK> F
zng see M e>Ue
e.
fireplace : (n) (nF) furnace;
hearth; MF; ezF; q.
fireproof : (adj) (n F F )
incombustible; ZFNee.
fireside : (n) (nM) the place near
the fire place; MF.
fir - fis
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
firewood : (n) (n) the wood used

for burning as fuel; [; e.
firework : (n) (nae) an explosive
displaying light; the small objects that are lit
to entertain people on special occasions,
which contain chemicals and burn brightly or
attractively, often with a loud noice;
ze e; runk g U F
e
srF F M ,
n
Ug Nreuge U
uk c e _nUgk
() zg.
349
first aid : (n) ( n) the basic

medical treatment which is given to someone
as soon as possible after they have been
hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill;
c Meng ()
u k q s ce e F
ae [nk gU VSuCu
Le e e egg g U
LeeFMg B VSuCu.
first class : (adj) (e) the best

quality; top ranking; euCV[ rgk;
lc q.
firm : (n) (g) a commercial house; a
trading institution; two or more persons
carrying out a business; nr
kg; _M nr kg;
lrzbM () [} g[} e
uU Ug stkg. (adj)
fixed; steady; cgk; ezbFk.
firmly : (adv) (gH
) steadily; cge;
qtcne.
firmness : (n) (gk) steadiness;
qtc; cg.
first : (n) () at the beginning; top
place; eeg; rgg; lg;
kg kg; (adj) chief; foremost;
earliest; e S ngk; k gnk;
k. (adv) before anything else;
H; e.
first hand : (adj) (

zb) direct;
reliable; nk; ge _n.
firstly : (adv) (H
) in the first place;
e.
first-rate : (adj) (
r) of highest
quality; excellent; rgk; eg
cnk.
first world war : (n) (
) the major war that was fought between
1914 and 1918 in Europe; 1914 lU
1918&g zbM r |rF
[}[ U qe ge g.
fiscal : (adj) (N e ) relating to
government or public money especially taxes;
r U sc () r e
k.
fiscal year : (n) (Ne ln) financial
year; scnzbM.
fish : (n) (NR) a creature that lives in
water and has a tail and fins; a common
cold blooded gill breathing vertebrate
creature that lives in water; E he
350
fis - fit
_nUg, ue VU qJ
he _nUgk k; (v) to catch fish;
to search and find out; k N; e
ezbMN.
fission : (n) (Nk) the dividing into parts

of the nucleus of an atom or a living cell;
ee U a qJ u
_te.
fisherman : (n) (Ngk) a man who

leads his life by catching fish; kk;
ugk; k NFk.
fissure : (n) (N) a narrow deep crack

in rock or in earth; sg U
[Jk tSn hgk F.
fist : (n) (N) tightly closed hand as
in boxing; e R.
fishery : (n) (N) the area of a river

or sea where the fishes are caught in large
quantities for commercial purpose; fishing
industry; nrck M (t,
e k[[}i)g k
NeeFMg lg; kN .
fish-hook : (n) (NR&{e) the hook
used for fishing; k Nc qneF
MFMg zb .
fishing : (n) (NRG) the art of catching
the fish; k NcMg e.
fish-plate : (n) (NR&F) the iron
plate to keep the rails to the sleeper on a
railway
track; zb G e
lzcMg lg eM.
fishwife : (n) (NR n F ) an
unpleasant offensive woman; e rM
zGe qn zb.
fistula : (n) (NM) the ulcer with a

narrow mouth; tSn n
rnn zb.
fit1 : (n) (N) a sudden attack of illness
especially epilepsy, fainting, etc., convulsion;
a short experience of an emotion just like
an inspired mental state and nervous shock;
ee e n HF ; gne e g k [
c~rk e g n ; HF ;
qzuCV eg; ug.
fit 2 : (n) (N ) part of a ballad;
MF[F Hk a c.
fit3 : (adj) (N) in good health; of a
suitable quality or standard; good enough;
reSngk; c.
fitful : (adj) (N ) irregular;
tg[k.
fitter : (n) (N) one who fits (things
together); ce ak [ e
lzF; U.
fishy : (adj) (N) seeming dishonest or

false; doubtful; zng[}[; g[}[e
_n; nnk; uec[}Sgk.
fissile : (adj) (N) tending to split;
V[e_n.
fitting : (adj) (NG) proper; suitable;

cnk; gk; (n) equipments;
a small part of something; nk
ugke; akik Vtc.
fittingly : (adv) (NGH) in a suitable
manner; [}[; ee.
fiv - fla
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
five : (n) () the number five; zb

|U.
351
un; gc gnGeuC un; ceeeuC un;

hguC un.
fivefold : (adj) ( ) of five

times; |U gGee.
fix : (n) (Ne) an ackward position;
dilemma; leek s; (v) to erect;
to fasten; to settle; to establish; to determine;
M; aM; cM; NcM;
suCuJcM.
fixation : (n) (Nek) the act to

fixing; the process by which a liquid or gas
is made into a solid; s M;
, crF e lteuC
unc.
flaccid : (adj) (F) limp; soft;

U GS[; Uk.
flag1 : (n) (Fe) banner; ensign; piece
of cloth as a symbol of a country or as a
signal; ozb ; U; e; a
k e; (v) to droop; to lose
interest; to bend; to become weak;
gkuC u nuC un ; e e g
k i M; c M; eF [} i
cM.
fixed : (adj) (Ne) firm; immovable;

without moving; qtcnk; uc ;
crgk; er ln.
fixedly : (adv) (NeH) steadily;
sne; crge.
fixity : (n) (Ne) stability; state of
being fixed; firmness; snk kg;
g[ s; qtc.
flag2 : (n) (Fe) a mark; a water plant;

weakness; flat stone; ng; a
e Erg; kg; u;
nk e.
fixture : (n) (Neu

) that which is fixed;
stability; something attached to a house or
apartment; sports programme with date and
time; c F ;
snk kg; M () Mee
JF N
q
lzF F
e; nMF ee
ek sehuCV sr.
flagellate : (v) (Fo) to whip;

to lash; u n c M;
flagellation : (n) (Fok)
whipping; un .
fizzle : (v) (N) to make a low hissing

sound; to come to an unsatisfactory end;
"q' kt gHn uFg dFNM;
nk[}tF JM.
flagship : (n) (FeF) the ship within

a group on which the most important officer
sails; the product of high quality;
ceSngk nzg
uncMg ee eF; ergk
(, unM.)
flabbergast : (v) (Fe) to

amaze; to confuse; to astound; NreeuC
flagrant : (adj) (Ferk) open;

notorious; glaring; (lie; crime; LF
nk; NrVcnk; Fgk;
(n; [}[g.)
352
flag staff : (n) (Fe F) the pole

in which flag is flown; eeegg.
flag stone : (n) (Fe k) a flat
usually rectangular or square, piece of stone
or concrete used for path, floor, etc; ,
M r k[[}i ceeFMg
u e () uUr ek e e ()
e.
flair : (n) (Fn) natural ability; talent;

inclination; lne q c[k; c[g;
g.
flak : (n) (Fe) anti-aircraft fire; the
firing from guns that shoot enemy aircraft
from the ground; strong criticism; gk
cF rGSe M; rJHU
c gkGeuC M; eMg
nk gukg.
flake : (n) (Fe) a small thin piece of
snow, soap, etc.; >e e , uF
k [ [} i k g H n Ue ()
W.
flame : (n) (Fg) burning gas from
something on fire which produces usually
yellow light; strong passion; g u
s[Uk cMg ZuC; e
cegk \MM.
flaming : (adj) (FG) fiery; burning;
bright coloured; edU M Sk[;
U ezb e S k [ ; Nreugk
zbz.
fla - fla
flamingo : (n) (FGe) a bird with

pink or red feathers that lives on lakes in
hot or warm countries, has a long thin legs,
a long neck and a beak that curves down;
ce F k F
ceL dg E r e.
flank : (n) (FGe) the side between

rib and hip; the right or left side of the troop;
F e e g ; J U ()
lU [Fc; l[g.
flannel : (n) (Fk) a light cloth usually
made from wool; the speech containing a
lot of which is avoidable; g H n
egL U; e ee
ezbeg uC () qr ()
e e F zb n u[} e
qnS U F uF Mg u[}
; (adj) made of flannel; egL
n k.
flap : (n) (FF) a piece of cloth or
other material fixed along one edge especially
used for covering or closing something; a
state of anxious excitement; the part of the
back of an aircraft wing which can be moved
up and down to give greater control when
landing and taking off; ak[ dUge
g a [ge c[U Mgt
F
U
cr;
rBk _n duC V ; r
l[G g Ug , rJ l U
gdgg Ug qg zbzg
gk c k Nk [ l[e eeL
F, gBg he lneee
_n qe eMe.
flare : (n) (F) a sudden bright
unsteady light; a burst of flame; anger;
fla - fla
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
commotion; uke Sgg Nreu

gk aLF N hg ; c~rk dg
ZuC; eg; SuV
C ; (v) to burn with
bright flame; to make wider at the bottom
of woman's dress; be suddenly excited; aL
Z e k ; zb k
q ( k[[}ik)
Jk h F cn ek [ e S M;
uk qzuCV uFM.
flash : (n) (FR) a sudden burst of
light, fire, etc.; an idea coming to mind
suddenly; swift streak of light; news
broadcast interrupting a set programme;
c~rk k t g aL, F
k [ ; u k gkc qn
gg
zb z g ;
tg
sehuCVe ln aHrFFMg
eSnuC unc.
353
k [ pk crG e pM
[ng lee [}i c
Mg M); pM stc.
flat : (n) (F) any level stretch; one
of the storeys of the building; ugF
c; Mege ec q
a Me; (adj) even level; horizontal;
dull; positive; not variable; uggk;
nk; qJr g[} [ ; Wrk;
g[.
flatten : (v) (Fk) to make flat; to
knock down; to depress; ugggeuC
un ; gc c M; d g
eMcM; ne.
flatter : (v) (F ) to praise
insincerely; eUc un; nneF
ehcM.
flash-back : (n) (FRe) narrating

the gist of earlier episodes of a serial; a
[} k k
eJk ur eege MUe
_i.
flatulence : (n) (FMk) gas in

the stomach and bowels, which creates
uncomfortable feeling; Jt,
k [ [} i lF Ug , q
qn LFUgk .
flashy : (adj) (F) brief; sudden;

display (rather vulgar); e e gk;
c~rk; ek.
flatulent : (adj) (FMk) windy;

troubled with gas in the stomach or bowels;
e[}[gk; F gB.
flask : (n) (Fe) a container for

liquids, usually having a wide base and a
narrow neck; F [g ek t g
tek
ed U F
cne
ezbMg q M (E, eN
flaunt : (v) (Fk) to move about with

pride; to display; to show off; ek
U e; g k Le
e e e ; LJ og gee
ee e.
flavour : (n) (F) good smell or
taste; a peculiar quality; tgzg ;
; V[Fk gug () rg;
(v) to give a smell or taste; YM;
ukYM.
354
flaw : (n) (F) imperfection; defect; fault;

blemish; an error; a shortwind; [M;
[}[g; g; Nh; e[}t gUe
; (v) to cause it not to be perfect;
[M qzbeSM; [ezbM;
g McM.
flawless : (adj) (F) without any

defect or fault; gu[} [ ; [} [ g[} [ ;
[n[}[.
flax : (n) (Fe) a plant with blue
flowers grown for it's fibrous stem or seeds;
kg ezb zb[}ee g,
k eeeeg eeF Mg
E g e e ezb e g u
e; (uz).
flaxen : (adj) (Fek) (pertaining
to hair) pale yellow; J L
gu s[g ezb.
flay : (v) (F) to beat well; to strip
off the skin; to criticize severely; to punish;
nF c M; q c M;
eMgne gukg un; zbcM.
flea : (n) (FI) wingless blood sucking
insect; qzb; FuCV.
fleck : (n) (Fe) a small mark or dot;
guCug () egL; (v) to mark a dot;
to cover with flecks; LJM; L
e g[cM.
fledged : (adj) (Fo) having
feathers and able to fly; l[eee
eeF [}t [eee_n.
fla - fle
fledgeling/fledgling : (n) (FoHG)

a young bird just able to fly; [c
n[}V g[}eg [e .
flee : (v) (FI) to run away; to escape;
to avoid; to depart from; re M;
FNcM; cM; SM.
fleece : (n) (FI) the woolly fur of a

sheep; to charge too much; k
qrgg; egL; snn e
[}[.
fleet : (n) (FI) a number of ships under
the control of a person, country organisation;
a number of buses, aircrafts, etc., under the
control of one person or organization;
an () a Pn
() a stkcPn se
c leg eFeLk c;
eF ; an () a
stkck sec q
ekg ()
Vt gkG e Lk
c; (adj) swift; egk; Ugk;
(v) to pass off quickly; to vanish; Uge
M; g[cM.
fleet-footed : (adj) (FI&)
quick in movement; Uge e_n.
Fleet-street : (n) (FI& ) the road
in London where most of Britain's national
newspapers were produced; zb>
Vn un c F c ee L
ng lg ce BeF
eh [}[Ugk eSn c.
flesh : (n) (FR) muscular tissue and
soft part of the body of a person or an
animal which is between skin and bones;
meat; the soft part of fruits or vegetables;
fle - fli
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
g>k () e c k Be g ,
Bgeeg ln q u;
l[uCV; gug; hGeLk () en
eieLk uF[}t c; fleshy :
(adj) (F) fat; sexual; ed;
uF[}t; Bz.
flew : (v) (F) past tense and past
participle of fly; 'fly' kk l[ e
g[}tg l[e uCug.
flex : (n) (Fe) a length of wire with
a plastic cover used for connecting a piece
of electrical equipment to a supply of
electricity; F e q[ F
Ug ,
k u r
ukG e
lzU kurg n[}F nk
MFMUgk Egk k egN.
flexibility : (n) (FeNH) the
quality of being flexible; lzGg kg;
U eMeg kg; flexible :
(adj) (FeN) that can be bent
easily; variable; malleable; not adament;
easily managed; Lc nee;
She_n; gie_n; N
g[}[; lzeegk; ugLeeee.
flick : (n) (FHe) a quick movement; a

jerk; a sharp blow with a whip; egk
u; c~rk qzb g q[ ;
eeke eMeeFMg uee; (v)
to strike sharply with a whip; uee e
k cM.
355
aircraft regularly journeying to and fro; a

number of arrows, steps; etc.; kc
[c; [e _g; qJe
nU M; [ rg; iFN
e zF iF N
lG e e
ln
nzg
uncMg en gkg; geLk
c,
gF
e e M e
k[.
flighty : (adj) (F) not responsible;
tFN.
flimsy : (adj) (FHg) not heavy; thin;

weak; easily destroyed; inconvincing;
B[}[; gHn; [}gk; Lc
c e _ n;
ugkF M
ln.
flinch : (v) (FHkuC) to make a sudden
movement due to pain or fear; to shrink
back; Hn U uC u
uk SM; VHF.
fling : (n) (FHG) a short period of
enjoyment; [} ug; (v) to throw
forcibly; to scatter; to propel; to begin and
do something with great energy; to hurl;
ge i c M; Vtgt
un c M; k ke S L M; a
en UGS Uk
unMcM.
flicker : (n) (FHee) unsteady burning

of light; a slight and short expression; Pe,
Pe k ; cuCV; (v) to burn
unsteadily; Pe Pe kt U.
flight : (n) (F) act of flying in the
air; group of birds moving together; running
away for safety; the distance flown; an
flint : (n) (FHk) a piece of very hard

grey or black glassy stone, giving out sparks
of fire when struck; VeSeSe e.
356
flint-lock : (n) (FHk& e) a fire arm;

ae UFeS.
flinty : (adj) (FHk) hard; ekgk.
flip : (n) (FHF) a smart tap or strike;
uMe () kt M;
(v) to move suddenly; to jerk away with
the fingers; to toss with the thumb; uk
ecM; reLk icM;
e rHk zbM.
flippancy : (n) (FHFk) levity;

impertinence; Vn gkFkg;
gnJkg.
flippant : (adj) (FHFk) not serious;
talkative; tF [} [ ;
n
kgk.
flipper : (n) (FHF) the arm like part
of particular sea creatures such as seals and
penguins, used for swimming; X ,
k k k [ e h
qJkGeLk Ec uege q
qBtF.
fli - flo
g[} t ; c~ Be e ; (v) to
pretend to love; to throw with a jerk;
eHFU kt U g[}iM;
BeeBk eSninFM.
flirtation : (n) (FLk) a short,
not serious sexual relationship; tSn e
Hnk e q[.
flit : (v) (FH) to fly lightly; to change
one's residence; [ U c c M;
lFN g[}iM; (v) a light swift
movement; u[}t egk lneeg.
float : (n) (F) a large vehicle with
a flat surface, which is decorated and used
in special celebrations; that which floats; a
raft; buoy; the cork attached to a fishing
line or a net; u seh u C V eL
nkMFMg ek[ g rF
qn n c; Fg; ;
k Neg zb, k[
[}i eF M leg ;
a gF G.
flock : (n) (Fe) a group of birds or
animals (goats) together; tuff hair or wool;
shreds of cotton used for stuffing pillows,
etc; ar lk Ge () [e
_ g ; g ; gJ () qrge
u g ; nz k [ [} i
ceeFMg ; (v) to gather together;
ak[nuC ucM.
floe : (n) (F) floating mass of ice in
the sea; eH U g > g/
>ee.
flirt : (n) (F) one who pretends to

love; a jerk; VFU U
flog : (v) (Fe) to beat with whip or

stick severely as a punishment; to sell quickly
or cheaply; zbk LcMg ge
un () n ge
c M; re () gHe
[}iM.
flood : (n) (F) a large amount of water
covering an area that is usually dry; freshes;
a huge body of water in motion; abundance;
g; Nreg; rg;
flo - flo
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
cr; (v) to flow freely; to fill; to cover with

water; to fill with overflowing abundance (of
water); eeMU MguC un;
srF N M;
E h e ;
geF eeMeeuC un.
357
[g; h dg U
qzb g aH; u z U k
_n ue qzbe.
flooded : (adj) (F) covered with

large amount of water;
srgNn; rgk.
floppy : (adj) (FFN) weak; tired; soft

and easily bent; not able to maintain a firm
position; kgk; eF;
Le ce_n; qtcnk
sF lc ln.
flood gate : (n) (F e) a gate which

can be opened or closed to control the flow
of water; g; eHGe; ceFnk
zb D k e ee e M F M c
WreF n u C V g , st c g
qgt c[ U () e _ n
ene e.
floppy disk : (n) (FFN e) a round

piece of bendable plastic protected by a
plastic cover, used to store computer
informations; eF iJ cF
Ne e F Mg e e uC u U
cF nkMg Nee
k gHn eM.
flood light : (n) (F ) a large

powerful electric light used for lighting areas
such as playgrounds, buildings etc.;
n M
gkg ,
n
gLee k [ [} i
g aLgt ge e F M
leg uec n kur
ee.
floor : (n) (F) the flat surface on a
room (on which you walk); a public space
for activities such as dancing, drama etc.,
a storey; r; ng , eg
k[ sehcMg U lg;
g; g; guC; (v) to knock down; to
pave; to defeat; e h LM;
g M; [}ecM.
flora : (n) (Fr) the Goddess of

flowers; the plants of a region; gee
ek ng; a sF cen
r lkg.
floral : (adj) (Fr) made of flowers;
decorated with a flowery pattern; pertaining
to flowers; ge k; ge
GeeeF; ge uggk.
florid : (adj) (F) flowery; g
e G e U k [ ; e
hek (uC, g, ,
k[)
florist : (n) (F) one who sells
or cultivates flowers; n;
eer.
flooring : (n) (FG) the things

required to lay the floor; the floor; g
nk e; r.
flop : (n) (FF) a failure; the noise of
flopping; the act of flopping; M;
358
floss : (n) (F) a mass of silky thread

especially produced by particular insects and
plants; a eF uC V g[} t g a
euC uJ lU neeFMg
a e M n; (v) to clean
between the teeth using dental floss;
gHn lh ([}e FMU
[}ekt neeFU) ezbM
[}ee ln FMU.
flotation : (n) (Fk) the act
of starting and financing a new company by
selling shares of it to the public; act of
floating; U geeLg Ge
[} t nk sc u U cn
stkg ak i k UG S ;
.
flotilla : (n) (F) a small fleet
of ships; Vt eF .
flotsam : (n) (Fg) pieces of
broken wood and other waste materials
found on the beach or floating on the sea;
e[} e rJ U eH U
ezb e g q eF Hk
eGe.
flo - flo
flourish : (n) (FR) rich growth; waving

of something; a decorative writing; a florid
verbal expression; u C V ;
uFk_n uCV; akik
M () h[}t; Gergk
d U ; G e ruC u[} e ; (v) to
prosper; to grow well; to wave something as
a display or threat; to decorate; uFg
g [} i M; eJ Pg
akik U M () rM;
GecM.
flout : (n) (F ) a
VnFMU.
jeer;
flow : (n) (F) current; stream;

abundant outpouring; ; Erg;
gk ; (v) to move in one
direction continuously; to move forward; to
sweep along; to glide along like liquid; ar
cun e S urge e c M;
ukiM; egeF ncM.
flounder : (n) (Fzb) a kind of

small flat fish; ae k. (v) to move
about with great difficulties; to blunder; to
struggle; eg Mg[} [ U k
ecM; t un; M MgiM;
VrgUk rM.
flour : (n) (F) fine soft powder
(made from grains); (>nG e
rUF [FMg) g; (v) to grind
into fine soft powder; to cover with flour;
ge rcM; gk M;
(qzF gk M.)
flower : (n) (F) the part of a plant

which is often brightly coloured with a
pleasant smell; the best; very young stage;
g ; gze e ; V[ U; q g
gkU; lgFg; (v) to put on
flowers; to blossom; cause to blossom; adorn
with flowers; gruC un ; g c M;
RNcM; ge GecM.
flowery : (adj) (F) abundant with
flowers; fine and rhetoric; decorated with
flowers; full of highly ornate language;
rgk ge s[; l>gg
flo - flu
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
e u C V g s[ ; g e
Gergk; gg q.
flown : (v) (Fk) past participle of
'fly'; 'fly' k k l[ e
uCug.
flu : (v) (F) influenza, an infectious
illness which is like a very bad cold, and
causes
fever; lk F B nk
kFMg L rg.
359
(FnkH) smoothly flowing (of

speech); urgeg , G e [} t g ,
gk e re
gU.
fluid : (n) (FJ) a substance which
flows and is not solid; cFe
lU, urge MU; (adj) not
stable; not permanent; sn[}[; gie
ezbeSk[.
fluke : (n) (Fe) something good that
has happened by chance instead of skill or
planning; a piece of accidental good stroke;
fortune; c, c[gn
g c rU qzb g
[}k; [}unk [}i.
fluctuate : (v) (Fe) to vary; to

change; to rise and fall; gtM; i
l[GSM; uM.
fluctuation : (n) (Fek) rise and
fall; variation; change; [}[ l[eeg;
gtM; gt.
flue : (n) (F) a pipe conveying heat;
a passage for air or smoke; a kind of fishing
net; qRz uBUg hn; e[}t
() e uBg hn; a e
kN .
fluency : (n) (Fnk) ready utterance;
smooth easy flow in speech; u
uUng; Ge l ug/
uCg; fluent : (adj) (Fnk)
speaking without labouring or hesitation;
moving easily; Ge HkiF VMg
e k g /uC c[g
; Le eSk[; fluently : (adv)
flummox : (v) (Fgge) to confuse

someone; nrU are hFNM;
ceeeuC un.
flung : (v) (FG) the past simple and
past participle of fling; 'fling' kk
l[ e g[} t g l[ e
uCug.
flunk : (v) (FGe) to fail (an exam or
a course of study; ( U
FN) t.
fluorescence : (n) (Frk) the
brightness caused by certain rays; V e
SrzGe eg aL.
fluorescent : (adj) (Frk)
producing fluorescence; ceFnk
aLn qzbeSk[.
flurry : (n) (F) a sudden emotion; a
sudden fall of light snow blown in different
directions by the wind; confusion; gk
360
e[}t cueL lU
g > gh; hFg.
flush : (n) (FR) rush of water; cleaning

by flushing; plentifulness; rush of blood to
the face; glow; a group of birds let out to
fly; E F e ; E F n u C V g
un c ; rg ; eg V ;
aL; c~rkt [eF [ee
M.
fluster : (n) (F) a nervous state;
a confusion; F; hFg; (v)
be agitated; to confuse; to intoxicate with
liquor; rrF cM; hFNM;
hFg nuC un;
qzbe.
flute : (n) (F) a musical wind instrument in the shape of a tube which is played
while holding one end near the mouth, the
other near the shoulder; G h;
flutist : (n) (F) flute player;
Gh VF.
flu - foa
to a metal to make it easier to solder to

another metal; U qzbg
g[} [ g ; rgk e ; a
qeUk g[}[ qeuC
u U F [} [ U lz c
qneF M c Mg lrunkF
.
fly : (n) (F) a small insect with two
wings especially a house fly; a hook with
coloured threads fastened to it, fixed to the
end of a fishing line to attract fish; an extra
sheet of canvas stretched over the outside
of a tent to keep the rain out; flight; hackney
carriage; \; kee eg ge
zbz e uU NkkFUg,
zb eJtk lzeeFU
gk zb ; gh E _rU
adet _r c k ge
_Me Ue eFMg rM
U; [; e zb; (v) to
move through the air like a bird; to travel
in an aeroplane; qnr [ c M;
gkc nzg un.
flyover : (n) (F) a bridge that

carries a road or a railway over another
road; gg g / lrJ gg
g.
flutter : (n) (F) a small bet; quick
irregular movement (as of wings); disorder;
confusion; nc zg eM;
(l[eee) k u;
SuCV; hFg; (v) to move the wings
rapidly; to perturb; to beat irregularly;
ege
V[e U F
[;
eeegcM; eeuC un.
flux : (n) (Fe) continuous change;
abundant flow; a chemical substance added
fly wheel : (n) (F ) a heavy wheel

in a machine helps the machine to work at
a regular speed; ar Wrk ec
ln c rg lnG S F M
leg eFn ueerg.
foam : (n) (g) mass of small bubbles
formed on the surface of liquids by violent
agitation or fermentation; r; to produce
so many bubbles; to send out froth;
rzbeSM; r LM.
foa - fol
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
361
foamy : (adj) () enclosed in foam;

like foam; made of foam; rn
phF; rnF k[; r
n unnF.
M>; a eF ; (v) to cover in a

fog; to get confused; >n M; hFg
cM.
f-o-b : (abbr) (F&&N) free on board;

eFH lugeF nzg un.
foggy : (adj) (S) covered with fog; not

clear because of jargon or dubious words;
>ck erzge F;
Ge () L.
focal : (adj) (e) pertaining to the

focus; at the focus; iFk; nc.
focus : (n) (e) central meeting
point; the point where light rays or sound
waves converge; concentration; _Mg
gnF L ; ng ; gngk;
_gFMU.
fodder : (n) () the food that is given
to cattle; the people or things that are useful
for the stated purpose; e Zkg;
eee Zkg Fk
() eeFMg .
foe : (n) () an enemy; opponent;
ek; c.
foetid/fetid : (adj) () giving out a
bad smell; U[}[n.
foetus : (n) () fully grown up young
one in the womb; eFc q d
uCVn V.
fog : (n) (e) a weather condition in which
very small drops of water gather together to
form a thick cloud close to the land or sea,
making it difficult to see; a kind of grass;
foil1 : (n) (n) a very thin sheet of metal

especially used to wrap food in to keep it fresh;
something or someone that makes another's
good or bad qualities all the more noticeable;
qz eMg lee kuC
[} i U e e F Mg eg
g H n qe ; ak i k
g[}[ktk, () ar g[}[
k V[F N n e , [e Sn
[}[ aFNM e.
foil2 : (v) (()n) to baffle; to set at
naught; in c M; [g
un; eMcM.
foist : (v) (n) to thrust in; to thrust
on; ccM; qcM; (zb)
gcM.
fold : (n) () crease; enclosure of
sheep; followers of same belief; gF;
M F ; ar e enF
Nk[}t.
folder : (n) () a container made of
cardboard to hold loose papers; >
362
>nk e a k [ e
lz U c Mgt e nk
n ne e F eSe
eF U Vt k [
gF.
foliage : (n) (Hno) the entire leaves
of plant or trees; a uJ U
gr c q k U leLk
F.
foliate : (v) (Hn) to put forth
leaves; to decorate with leaves; to make into
thin sheet; to number the leaves (only the sheets
and not the pages); UL M; lee
ezbM GecM; ee M;
Mee >> zbee eM.
folic acid : (n) (He ) a vitamin
found in the leaves of plants and liver, which is
needed by the body for the production of red
blood cells; lrc VF ee
q[} c nF e S Mg he ,
re g[}tg \rH lcMg a
e k uU.
folio : (n) (Hn) the two opposite
pages of a ledger; sheet of paper folded once;
a leaf of manuscript book numbered only on
the front side; r u ezee
q c cF eeGe; a [
geeF ; a eeg gMg
le e F end U F Nrc
M.
folk : (n) (e) common people; nation;
race; gee; M; lkg.
folk-dance : (n) (e&k) group
dance characteristic to a part of the country;
Srn kg; MF[ kg.
folklore : (n) (e) legends, beliefs,
traditions etc.; eee; MF
[e ee; rgr rgrne
rte; gr geeLk rgre
ee.
fol - fol
folk-song : (n) (e&G) the songs of

the folks; F e; SrnF
e; MF[F e.
folk-tale : (n) (e&) old story from
the country side whose authorship is unknown;
_in k n e
e, MF[e e.
follicle1 : (n) (He) a small bag or sac;
Vt () q[.
follicle2 : (n) (He) any of the very small
holes in the skin especially one that hair grows
from; qg N k g cJ
q (e c M[}
Uk) Vt Urg.
follow : (v) () to go or come after;
to aim at; to accompany; to happen after some
event; to obey; Nk [} i M; Nk
c
M; leSke i ; qk
ukiM; a seheF N[ ;
u[} .
follower : (n) (n) disciple; one or
that which follows; Wk; Nk[}tk.
following : (n) (JG) a body of

followers; Nk[}iuC u; We
fol - foo
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
hg; (adj) that follows or comes after; next;

J ezb ; M ; (prep.) after;
Nkg.
folly : (n) (H) stupidity; foolishness; a
stupid action; a building in the form of a small
castle, temple etc., that has been built as a
decoration in a large garden or park;
ikg ; kg ;
kgk une; Ge; g
k[[}i he k GeGe
eFM leg Vt k
e, erg, eJ k[.
foment : (v) (gk) to instigate; to
bathe with warm water or medicated solution;
zb M; ag eM cM.
363
e k[ qJ hg, c
g qeg erg; qz.
foodstuff : (n) (F) any substance
that is used as food or to make food; qz
e; qz ncF nkMg
.
fool : (n) () a stupid person; a person
who behaves silly without thinking; iH;
; k; uM; nVeeg
g unc [}Mk.
foolhardy : (adj) () recklessly
bold; foolishly brave; uM ngk;
foolhardiness : (n)( k )
reckless boldness; uM ng.
foolish : (adj) (HR) not wise; silly; not
rational; stupid; rash; i[}[; [}gk;
i[} [ ; kgk; k
nukJki \MMS[Ugk.
fond : (adj) (zb) very affectionate;

loving; kn; Nngk.
fondle : (v) (zb

) to caress; to dandle;
k e eM; Wr M;
rM; fondling : (n) (zbHG)
one that is treated with love and care; WrF
MU; WrFM; fondly : (adv)
(zbH) 1vainly; foolishly; 2in a loving
way; ze; kge; e e
kk.
food : (n) () the things that are eaten by
people, birds, animals or used by plants so that
they can live and grow; g> e ,
[e, Ge, g[}tg rG
foot1 : (n) () the ending of leg beginning

at ankles; the lower part of anything; the infantry;
a length equivalent to twelve inches; a metrical
unit; g; Fc; e; (12
G ) a ;
un .
foot2 : (v) () to walk; to set foot on; to
pay; to go; to step; cM; e cM;
zg eMcM; ; cM.
football : (n) () a ball with inflated
bladder and leather cover; e U ;
e[} [ rF nuC [} i
ge e F
B[ne
ezb e g (e q U
nMg) U.
364
foo - for
footboard : (n) () plank or step

leading into or out of carriage; zbJ
ig ,
l[G S g
Ue
geeFeg eF e.
fop : (n) (F) a dandy; a vain man

interested too much about his clothes and
manners; guCu; grFNnk;
eMeerk.
footfall : (n) ( ) the sound of foot

steps; euC ug.
for : (prep) () with the purpose; in order

to get; in favour of; in the interest of; as a
reaction to; with an inclination toward;
erzge; c; Gec; nk
ec; k ge e e; c e;
g ek.
footing : (n) (G) a secured position; a

space for standing; the amount required to be
paid by one for his entrance into a trade; the
status that one gets among a group of people;
rg; skiF Ugk lg; a
H \Me eM c zbn
zg ; ge e Ln ae
leg gcF.
footlights : (n) () a row of lights
along the front of a stage at a theatre; rG
gJk k e ge e F M
leg e u.
footnote : (n) () a note at the
bottom of a page; eck a eeck
J q eiF.
footpath : (n) () a track for foot
passengers; .
footprint : (n) (
F k) the mark made
by a person's or animal's foot; g>k ()
ecPn e g.
footstep : (n) (F) the mark left

by the foot on the ground; tread; the sound of
placing the foot while walking; uC M;
e; e uFg; nu.
footwear : (n) () shoes, sandals,
boots or any other outer covering for the human
foot; g>k eH U ezbM
cMg e () ru.
forage : (v) (ro) to go from place to

place searching for food; qz () Z>
lg M lg cM; (n)
food for the cattle or horse; M, gM,
cr k[[}i[}ek Zkg.
foray : (n) (r) the act of an army

suddenly and quickly entering the area belonging
to the enemy in order to attack them; c
M F n e S p[n
zb cMcFkt MF c
J hcMg r ee.
forbear : (n) ( ) ancestors;
n; kk; (v) to refrain from;
to endure; be patient; to delay; to stand back;
un n g M M; t c M;
uSUe e; gccM; NkGSM.
forbearance : (n) (rk) act of
enduring; patience; quite endurance of
sufferings; the holding back of the exercise of a
right; abstinence; the holding back of doing
for - for
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
something; t U e e ;
uSUe e; UkGe gk
gck G S e e ;
k P n n gt c ;
qgnuC unMU lc;
akikuC unng MM.
forbid : (v) (N) to order somebody not
to do something; do not allow; to prohibit; to
impede; ar ak i kuC un n
g M c M; Pgce e c;
zbbeSM.
forbidden : (adj) (Nk) not permitted;
Me e F ; un n F ;
PgceeF; eeF.
force : (n) () power; strength;
energy; power of mind or body; pressure
exerted; army; violence exercised by a person;
group of persons united for a common action;
significance; u; Hg; uec; ;
q () gk Hg; qU H; a
U g[}eg k[; Ue
eng akiPeee akt uc
eg
gee d; uc[k; forceful : (adj)
(
) powerful; full of force; uec
n; Hgk _n; forcefully :
(adv) (
H) in a forceful manner;
Hg n uec nM.
forceps : (n) (F) a kind of
pincers; SMeS, [M; ugzg; V.
forcible : (adj) (N) done by force;

having force; (of an argument, theory) satisfying;
powerful; HU unnF ; u
; ( e e g , g , e e
eJ) a aFeee _n
c; g cn.
ford : (n) () shallow part of a river
where it can be crossed; [}ike ec
365
hg[}[ U[; (v) to cross a river where the

water is shallow; h lgeF
U [}[e ecM.
fore : (adj) () situated or placed in
front; ke q; ke eeF
M; (n) the front of anything; front part;
ak i k k e q ; k
c.
forearm : (n) (rg) the arm from the
elbow to the wrist; kkGe; (v) be ready
for a possible trouble in the future;
kk[}e lcM.
forebode : (v) () to predict; be

a sign of warning; Nkg k
_ n i c M; uC u e e i
ine eM.
foreboding : (n) ( G) a feeling
that something very bad is going to happen
soon; re g ()
eM k _ n ie g
qz () ukg.
forecast : (v) (e) to say before
hand of what is going to happen; Nkk
e e lF k _ n
cM; (n) an announcement of a coming
event; (>) kkiF.
foreclose : (v) (e) To take

back the property as the loan amount is not
repaid; ek z e e>
[F u eF[}t.
366
for - for
forefather : (n) () (male)

ancestor; (zb) kk; .
geg, euC u[}t heg

q nk c; [}i.
forefinger : (n) (NGe) the finger

next to the thumb; e rBe
Me q M r.
foreign : (adj) (k) belonging to other

country; not connected; not pertaining to a place
or a group; alien; N[ uC u;
g[}[; a; a lg ()
duC ucr; sn.
foreigner : (n) (k) an alien; the person
who belongs to other country; sngk;
n uC uk.
forefoot : (n) () one of the front

pair of feet of an animal; G S k
kkGeeL akt.
forefront : (n) (Frk) the most

forward; front position; a position of importance;
kk; k c; eSn kg.
forego : (v) (e) to give up; to abstain
from; qgn M M; eM;
c
M.
foregoing : (adj) (eJG) already
mentioned; k k e _[F /
ieeF.
foregone : (adj) (ek) settled in
advance; past; preceding; kke
Le ; e; k _[F
; k uk[.
forehead : (n) (r/) the
flat part of the face above the eyes and below
the hair; eck ezbee g[
foreign exchange : (n) (k

euko) the foreign currency that is
obtained through the exchange of different
currencies; the system involved with changing
one currency into another; s nuC
u ge SeeF tg
zg; snuC u [.
foreknowledge : (n) (o) the
knowledge of an event before it happens; a
seh u C V seh [} k e
F[}iF [}ieg i.
foreleg : (n) (e) one of the front
legs of a four legged animal; eck
kkGeeL akt.
forelock : (n) ( e) the hair above
the forehead; k quCV gJ.
foreman : (n) (gk) the chairman of
a jury; the person who is incharge of workers
in a factory; urze dk ()
o{eLk ; gc.
foremost : (adj) (g) superior;
beginning; chief; most forward; first in place;
V[; k s[}g; eSngk;
kgnk; neg cn.
forenoon : (n) (k) the part of the
day before noon; [}e.
forensic : (adj) (rke) pertaining
to the tests; judicial; used to discover information
about a crime by scientifically examining the
objects or substances that are involved in the
crime; [}[g () heS n
for - for
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
e in ge
rn U [} [ g U k
unce L eSk[.
foreplay : (n) (
F ) the sexual activity
such as kissing, and touching each other before
sexual intercourse; qB[ e ke
c \MMg g zb g
ar a M zBg,
MBg
k [
lk e
Sk zbMg [ nM.
foresee : (v) (X) to know about
something before it happens; to expect; akt
sedg k e F [} i YS U
icM; ccM.
367
forester : (n) (r) one who looks

after forest; the person who lives in the forest;
eMeF rgcM; e
VF.
forestry : (n) (r) the science of
planting and taking care of large areas of trees;
greekte r sFrFN M
rgU FU [}in in.
foretaste : (n) () something
that gives an idea by having an experience; partial
experience of something in advance;
Pg Je akik iU
e erzge lcMU; k
Pg.
foretell : (v) () to predict; to tell
before; k_n icM; g
qrcM.
forethought : (n) () thought or
planning for the future; c ec[}ee
k_n cM.
foresight : (n) () the ability to

judge correctly what is going to happen;
anticipation; premonition; kk sehF
S[U k k_n UHn
ge i c Mg c[g; k ke ;
kki.
foreskin : (n) (Sk) the loose skin
which covers the end of the penis; zb
iJkuC [}i k[ gHn
c.
forever : (adv) () for all time;

without ending; k [k [e g ;
F Ug
e e U e g ;
g.
forest : (n) (r) a large area of land

covered with trees and plants; grGeg
ueg U le g n
sFrF; eM.
forewarn : (v) (k) to warn in

advance; to advise; kkuCuee un;
itcM.
foreword : (n) () the preface to
a book by a third person; Ur;
kPr.
forex : (n) (re) foreign exchange;
k>nuC u.
forfeit : (v) () to give-up or to
lose something when you do wrong; to deprive
of; qg ak [e eM;
368
i un; (n) fine; loss; rg;

Rg.
forfeiture : (n) (uCu) act of seizing;
the act of losing; seizure; the thing lost or
forfeited; i un; ieM
c ; lh ; rg ; i ;
i un n F /ieM
.
forgave : (v) (e) past tense of

'forgive'; 'forgive' kk l[eg.
forge : (v) (o) to make an illegal copy
of something in order to deceive; to make or
produce with some difficulty; to move forward
suddenly or quickly; (ar) g[}tg
ge akik Nrcn qeSM;
ViU n[} V M U qe S M;
re () c~rk k ke S
(crge) ecM; (n) the workshop of
a smith; the blacksmith's hearth; ek
[; qeeg.
forgery : (n) (o) imitating or
altering any writing for fraud; e zg
nc; ne endc.
forget : (v) (e) to be unable to

remember; g[cM; g[U ; forgetful
: (adj) (e) apt to forget; out of
mind; g[UMg lnn; sk
l ; forgettable : (adj)
( e ) apt to be forgetting;
g[eee_n.
for - for
forget-me-not : (n) (e&&) a

kind of small plant with blue flowers; E
gee ezb Vin u e.
forgivable : (adj) (SN) pardonable;
that can be excused; Nh tee ee;
gk>eee_n.
forgive : (v) (S) to excuse; to pardon;
gk>cM; Nh tcM.
forgot : (v) (e) the past tense of
'forgive'; 'forgive' kk l[eg.
forgotten : (v) (ek) the past
participle of 'forgive'; 'forgive' kk
l[ e uC u g ; g[ U n
.
fork : (v) (e) an instrument with two
or more points; a farm tool; erzb;
zbz eM; eUeerzb; (v) to
bifurcate; to divide into branches; lrzbeF
NcM; SeeF NcM.
forked : (adj) (e
) branching; having
prongs like a fork; divided; S eeF
NSk [ ; e rzb k [ ; e
; N.
forlorn : (adj) ( k ) wretched;

forsaken; eF ; lk;
egk; ecn[}[.
form : (n) (g) shape; structure; manner;
etiquette; beauty; a school class; state; nest of
hare; a paper with blank spaces to be filled in;
g; gF; [; adG; h;
L F ; s; n ;
srFF g; (v) to shape; to make;
qeSM; ln[}iM.
formal : (adj) (g) in accordance with
rules, customs and conventions; c[e
[}; gre lzGe; adG[e
[}.
for - for
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
formality : (n) (gH) custom;

ceremony; strict attention to rules; formal
practice; uG; heeg; gr [;
adG [; c[; ugNrng;
gn.
formally : (adv) (gH) according to the

usual custom; ug N rnF ; gr
[F.
format : (n) (g) appearance of a
printed book; the shape and size of a book;
uCVF Hk [}[g; Hk
gF.
formation : (n) (gk) arrangement;
production; a settled order; being formed;
gF ;
qe ;
;
q.
former : (adj) (g) of an earlier period;
preceding; ancient; past; [} ecn;
H iFN; n; hn.
369
formulate : (v) () to express as

a formula; to set out in clear terms; Lee
_iM; n
F e () cnee _iM.
fornicate : (v) (>e) to prostitute;
to have sex with someone you are not married
to; uC u rg un c M; zb ()
zb k
F k
qB[
ezbM.
forsake : (v) (e) to give up; to
abandon; to desert; to leave; eM;
[eecM; MM; srecM;
forsaken : (adj) (ek) deserted;
abandoned; eF; [eeeeF
; (v) past participle of forsake; 'forsake'
kk l[e [}[uCug.
forswear : (v) () to make a
serious decision to stop doing something; to
give up on oath; to renounce; akik
un c g M c eMgnk
k M c M; u c ng un U
c M; zJ M gt c M;
MM.
fort : (n) () a place built and armed
for military defence; e; rzb.
formerly : (adv) (gH) in times past;

c; kec; k.
formidable : (adj) (N) hard to
tackle; causing fear; terrible; difficult;
ugLc ln; uCug qzbe
S[; nGergk; ekgk.
forte : (n) () one's strong ability;

ag q gk c[g.
forth : (adv) () forward; out in view;
out of doors; kk; LF [ge;
Lktg.
formula : (n) () a set of rules; set

of directions of medical preparation; rule
expressed by signs or numbers; c[;
gU eeg [; nFM.
forthcoming : (adj) ( e G )
approaching; going to happen; available; ready
when required; re S k [ ; seh
eSk[; Sce_n; zbMg
U nre.
370
forthright : (adj) (r) plainly;

straight away; honest in behaviour; Le;
Jki re; ezbFk.
forthwith : (adv) (
) immediately;
qkne; qk.
fortification : (n) (
Nek) act
of strengthening; FMc; BF
MU; fortify : (v) () to
strengthen; to encourage; to build fort;
BF M c M; q[} u e M ; rzb
gcM.
fortitude : (n) (Y) strength of
mind; gkHg; tg.
fortnight : (n) (
) a period of two
weeks; l r eg; fortnightly : (adv)
(H) once a fortnight; l
rGee a [ne; (adj) coming
out every fortnight; l rG ee a
[ LnSk [ ; (n) a magazine
published twice a month or once a fortnight;
g [ () l rGee a
[ LnSk [ u V e ()
ce.
fortress : (n) (r) a fort; a well
protected place; a fortified place; e;
rzb.
fortuitous : (adj) ( Y l )
happening by chance; accidental;
[}unk; crU sehSk[.
fortunate : (adj) (k) lucky;
prosperous; opportune; cRn;
uuC uFn; nFk;
fortunately : (adv) (u
C kH) luckily;
cRuge; cr.
fortune : (n) (uCpk) luck; chance;
prosperity; wealth; fate; c R g ;
[}un; nF; ug; c.
for - fou
fortune teller : (n) (uCpk )

one who tells, what they think will happen to
someone in the future; Gec
sehF k_n qrcM
k; eerk.
forty : (n) () four times of ten; the
number 40; zb [}U.
forum : (n) (rg) the place for public
discussion; law court; Ugk[g;
g.
forward : (n) () a player who

plays in the front line; (like in foot ball game);
(eU k[ nM eL)
d k uJ sk t
nM; (adj) in the front; kk
q; kkeSn; (adv) onward; in
advance; k ke S uC u S k [ ;
kkeS; (v) to send on; from one to
another; ak i H U [k t e
PFN cM.
fossil : (n) () the hard remains of a
prehistoric animal or plant that they are found
inside a rock; [ U Seg
rk ecn G () rck
g.
foster : (v) () to patronise; to care
for; to encourage; to tend; to nurse and bring
up carefully; k cM; U M;
r eM; q[}ueM; eF[}iM;
oeSrneF M.
fought : (v) () the past tense and past
participle of fight; 'fight' kk l[ e
g[}tg l[ e uCug.
foul : (n) () an act in a game or sport
that is not allowed according to the rules;
n M eL un c Mg [
fou - fow
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
371
in un; Fg. (adj) offensive;

ugly; corrupt; vicious; [} [ n;
deek; g J; engk
gk; (v) to make dirty; deeeSM.
fountain : (n) (kk) a spring of

water; source or origin; jet of water; E[}t;
N[FNg; g; MF ncMg
E.
foully : (adv) (H) cruelly; er

ge; snng[}[.
four1 : (n) () two plus two; the number

next after three; the number 4; zb k.
foul play : (n) ( F) a criminal

violence or activity; dishonest behaviour during
sports, games, etc.; uUeF [gk
() [}[Ge u e ee ()
un Me ;
n M eL
gn[}[ unM.
four2 : (n) () a narrow racing boat that

is rowed by a team; of four persons;
k ezb d; UMF M
lneSMg Ezb tek F
.
found : (v) (zb) to lay foundation;

to establish; to construct; to melt and mould;
e e M ; stM; e M ;
Fg un; the past tense and past
participle of 'find'; 'find' kk l[ e
g[}tg l[e uCug.
foundation : (n) (zbk) basis;
endowed institution; base of building;
c rg ; g sc kg ;
eee.
founder : (n) (zb) the person who
founds an establishment, school, charity etc.;
L, g kg k[[}ik
stk; (v) to sink (a boat) by filling it with
water; ( k [ [} i ) Ek
srFN hcM.
foundling : (n) (zbH
G) a deserted
child whose parents are not known; n
n k n e h.
four fold : (adj) ( ) four

times; k gG.
four letter word : (n) (
) a short word that people consider to
be rude or offensive; ugk ;
u.
foursome : (n) (g) a group of four
people or things; k ezb d
() k e ezb c.
fourteen : (n) (~k) the number 14
next after13; zb ckkteF N[
g zb ckk.
fourth : (n) () a quarter; one of four
equal parts; e G; H a G;
(adj) coming as number four; ke k.
fowl : (n) () domestic cock or hen; a
bird; u; e; [.
foundry : (n) (zb) a workshop

where metals are cast; qeG e
qeS Fg ung.
372
fox : (n) (e) a wild animal which looks

like a dog and has reddish brown colour, a
pointed face and ears and a thick tail; a cunning
man; ; cruH.
fox hound : (n) (e zb) a

hound trained to hunt foxes; e
n qMg n.
fraction : (n) (Frek) a small bit of
something; a number that is not whole; Vt
c; Vin UzbM; Nkkg. 1/2 and .5 are
different ways of representing the same fraction.
fractional : (adj) (Frek) extremely
small; eg Vink; zbn.
fractious : (adj) (Fre) bad tempered
and tending to complain; VMVMeSk[.
fracture : (n) (Freu) breakage of the

bone; a break; crack; Bg i; i;
N; (v) to break; to crack; icM;
NMcM.
fragile : (adj) (Fro) easily damaged;

easily broken; delicate and weak; Lc
hee _n; Lc q c e
_n; gHn; gk.
fox - fra
fragment : (n) (Fregk) a small piece

or part especially when broken from something
whole; Ue; UzbM; akik c;
q Uzb M . fragmented : (adj)
(Fregk) consisting of several
separate parts; >>F cee
ezb.
fragrance : (n) (Frerk) a sweet and
pleasant smell; perfume; tgzg; eg;
fragrant : (adj) (Frerk) sweet smelling;
tgz U k
_n;
l>n
ukn.
frail : (adj) (Frn) weak; erring; brittle;
delicate; H; Lc qne_n;
ih c e _ n; gk gnk;
kgk.
frailty : (n) (Frn) mental / physical
weakness; moral weakness; defect; short
coming;
gk/q
kg ;
adeekg; [; [}[g. (She died
after a long period of increasing frailty)
frame : (n) (Frg) supporting structure;
skeleton made to support anything; g;
ug; F gF; _M; (v) to
form; to plan; to construct; to support; to put a
frame;
qe S M;
c M;
gcM; GSM; ug lM.
framework : (n) (Frg ae) planned limit;
an outline; c rg; cg.
franc : (n) (Frke) standard unit of
currency in France, Belgium and Switzerland;
Frk, Kng, uU
MeLk zng.
franchise : (n) (Frku) the right to
vote at elections; a right to sell a company's
product in a particular area; eg;
iFN lc stkg akik
nF e [} k un c Mg
qg.
fra - fre
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
frank : (adj) (Frke) honest; candid; out

spoken; plain; gnk; eg[}[;
q k t U F [gk t
V; LFnk; (v) to stamp
the letters; to make easy for persons to enter
or leave as in a society; to send without payment;

U
c rJM;
un c U u B g qg
hGSM; ezg lki PFNM.
frankincense : (n) (FrGSkk) a
kind of resin which gives out sweet smell when
burnt; ugNr.
frantic : (adj) (Frke) excited; violent;b
iezb; [}[gk.
frass : (n) (Fr) excreta of insects;
uCVeLk e.
fraternal : (adj) (Frk) relating to
brothers; like brothers; uer kg
n; uereF k[.
fraternity : (n) (Fr>) a group of
people having the same job or interest;
brotherliness; ar gcnk ()
g ezb d; uerUg.
fraternize : (v) (Frk) to behave in

a friendly way; to move like friends; to make
friends; e; k hSM;
ug e.
373
un; qk N[kn e
un.
fraud : (n) (Fr) the crime of obtaining
money by deceiving people; a person or thing
that is not what is claimed; cheating; trick;
z ukneF iU g[}tg
[} [ g ; guF ; pU;
uk; crg; fraudulent : (adj)
(F r Mk ) dishonest; cheating;
uegk; gune.
fraught : (adj) (Fr) laden; causing or
having extreme worry; full of; g
[}[F; eMUnr qzbeS[
() eMUn q[}[; s[.
fray : (n) (Fr) fight; brawl; uzb;
uuCur; (v) to become worn of cloth; to upset;
q eJ HU gt un;
sn cM.
freak : (n) (Fe) absurd notion; animal or
plant which is abnormal in form; caprice; whim;
ln[}ee g[k eU; gkg k
e; ln[}ee g[k ez
qg ezb G U rg;
zb zbzg; gkFkg;
uVg; (adj) unusual; unexpected; n;
heec[} g[k; cr; (v) to
become extremely emotional; to cause to
become someone extremely emotional; Z
qz qFM; Z qz
ar quC un.
freakish : (adj) (FeSR) very unusual or

unexpected; heec[} g[e; u[}tg
cr.
fratricide : (n) (Fr) the act of
killing one's brother; person who kills his own
brother; qk N[ uerke e
freckle : (n) (FS) a light brown spot on

the human face; ec q dF
s[n L () guCug; (v) to become
374
covered with freckle; lg dF s[F

Le qzbeSM.
free : (adj) (F ) liberal; detached;
unobstructed; exempt; without cost; frank; not
restrained; leisurely; eMFM l;
[}[; J; rn[
n[}[; n[}[; rgk; eg[}[;
crgk; ueugk; (adv) without
obstruction; G Jki.
freedom : (n) (F g ) liberty;
independence; crg; qg h;
nuCu.
freehand : (adj) (Fzb) drawn by
hand without the help of any special equipment;
V[F e ee Uk i ee
rnF.
free handed : (adj) (Fzb)
liberal; rgk.
fre - fre
single organization; iFN stk

c[} k lU stkGeeg
dUF nuC unSk[.
freely : (adv) (FH) without restraint;
Jki; eMFM l.
freemason : (n) (Fgk) a member of
a certain society for mutual help; rr
qg en gFN q
Geck.
freepost : (n) (F) a system which
allows to send something by post to particular
organization without payment, because the
organization will pay the post; iFN V
stkG e e gee
e zg Ug uB c U ak [
PF (erzg, stkGe
Gee PFFMg ee
ek ez uBcMg).
free hearted : (adj) (F ) openhearted; c[ gkGezb.

freehold : (n) () ownership and
control of a building or a piece of land for an
unlimited time; property not taxed; e
rJ U e g () sg
ak i k Pe g n ;
qg; e q uU.
freelance : (n) (Fk) the person who
is not dependant; journalist; unattached news
reporter; journalist; nuC unk ;
( stkc[}g egF
d) nge H \MM
k U F c eee g un c
ue U PF ; c rgeuC
unMg s; ce n; (adj)
doing particular pieces of work for different
organizations, rather than working all time for a
freeport : (n) (F) the port where

duty is not levied on goods; Geg l
U[eg.
free-spoken : (adj) (F&eek)
frank; candid; straight forward; eg[}[;
eU gtM [}[; aL g[[}[.
freetrade : (n) (Fr) the trade without
having to pay taxes; l ()
J g.
fre - fri
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
375
freewill : (n) (F) liberty of choice;

spontaneity; k>Rg; gkFe.
often; ee sehSk[; frequently :

(adv) (Fe kH) often; ee.
freeze : (v) (F) to feel very cold; to

become ice; to cover with ice; to stiffen;
Lr MGSM; >eene q[
cM; >e e n M; e F
McM; freezing point : (n) (FG
nk) the temperature at which water or
any other liquid freezes; q[s.
fresco : (n) (Fre) painting on wet

mixture of sand, lime and water on wall or
ceiling; U k q _rJk
zbzge e \rge q
kg Ge r.
freight : (n) (Fn) goods, that are carried

from one place to another, by ship, air craft,
train or truck; the money paid for transporting
goods; eF , gkg , rJ , r e
k [ [} i k Je c
lU g[}[ lc[}F
ee ezb M u B ; ure
ezb M [} e e uB F Mg
ezg.
fret : (v) (Fr) to worry; be unhappy;

eFM; UnrgcM; (n) a carved
work; grievance; irritation; uUe
FM; Unrg; r; uCu;
fretful : (adj) (Fr) irritable;
uCu qzbeS[.
fresh : (adj) (F rR ) new; healthy;

unforgettable; good; cn; gk; g[U
e; ; freshen : (v) (Frk)
to make fresh; to refresh; to grow fresh; to
become
strong;
cne S M;
lF [} i M;
lF t;
U z u C V n c M; U Hg
[}iM.
friable : (adj) (FrnN) easily broken

into small pieces; VtVt UzbMee
qce _n.
friar : (n) (Frn) mendicant; monk;
zb; usnV; friary : (n) (Frn)
a building in which friars live; convent;
usnVe dg gg.
frenetic : (adj) (Frke) extremely

active; uncontrolled; involving a lot of activity;
eg ttF e lnG Sk [ ;
e M e e G e ; eL
\MM.
frenzy : (n) (Frk) uncontrolled
behaviour; emotion; eMF[}[ ;
gkeSuCV.
frequency : (n) (Fek) the number
of times something happens in a particular
period; the rate of recurrence; a iFN
ec[} ee sedg kg;
zbMg zbMg sedg r Sg;
frequent : (adj) (Fe k) happening
friction : (n) (Fek) the rubbing of one

object against another; obstacle; bad feeling;
qrn; ; u; rzbM.
Friday : (n) (Fr) the sixth day of the
week i.e, after Thursday; Le Shg.
fried : (v) (Fr()) the past tense and past
participle of fry; 'fry' kk l[ eg
g[}tg l[ e uCug.
376
friend : (n) (Frzb) a person whom you

know well and whom you like a lot, but who is
usually not a member of your family; companion;
zb k ; hk ; friendliness : (n)
(FrzbHk) the quality of being
friendly; ; ug; Vkeg; friendly :
(adv/adj) (FrzbH
) helping; acting as a
friend; favourable; qSk [ ; Vke
ge; u k; friendship : (n)
(F rzb F ) intimacy; kindness;
attachment between friends; relationship existing
between friends; e e g ; ;
hg; Veg; ug.
frigate : (n) (Fe) escort warship;

cruiser; a e UeF e eF.
fright : (n) (Fr) alarm; sudden fear; ugly
person; uCug; c~ ng; er qg
ezbk.
frigid : (adj) (FK) reluctant; very cold;

lacking interest; F g[} [ ; eg
L; q[}ueg [; frigidity : (n)
(FK) the state of being frigid; eg
LuCVnkU, q[}ueg[}[U; frigidly :
(adv) (FKH) very coldly; without
interest; eg LuCVne; q[}ueg
lki.
frill : (n) (F) an ornamental border of
woven material; eg.
fringe : (n) (Fko) border; edge; lace; an
ornamental border to garments; rg; rg;
Nk k ; Jk G e re er
fri - fro
rFc; (v) to form into an edge; Lg

gcM.
frippery : (n) (F) a trifle; useless
decorative thing; [}g; qneg[}[
GerF .
frisk : (v) (Fe) searching the body by
stroking; ee ar
uccM.
fritter : (v) (F) to waste away; to
diminish into small pieces; zeSM
J[cM.
frivolity : (n) (FH) the state of being
frivolous; VtNkg; frivolous :
(adj) (F) silly; unimportant; fond of
playing; [} gk; e S ng[} [ ;
nMkgk.
frog : (n) (Fre) a small animal which has
smooth skin, lives in water and land, has long
powerful back legs with which it jumps from
place to place has no tail and is usualy greenish
- brown in colour; .
frolic : (adj) (FrHe) sportive; gay; merry;

nk; qugk; gShuCV
n; (n) merry making; sport; eLee;
g; (v) to behave in a happy and playful
way; uUk nM.
from : (prep) (Frg) the word used to
indicate the starting point, time, order, place,
etc.; lU, lcHU.
front : (n) (Frk) beginning; fore part; area
of military operations; keeg; kk;
eeg; k; (adj) situated in the
fore-ground; directed forward; k[ge
q; kke Sn (v) to look in front; to
oppose; to meet; k[geF cM;
ccM; cr lcM; uccM.
fro - fru
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
frontage : (n) (Frko) the front side of

a building facing the street; the ground lying
between a building and the road; the extent of
the front side; eS leg
e c k k [g ; [}
k[ge q rJ q
eH gk; k[ck Eg.
377
c; (v) to foam; r LM; frothy:

(adj) (Frc) like foam; full of foam; empty;
r k[; r ; aktg[}[;
[}[.
frown : (n) (Frk) wrinkling the brows
to express displeasure or concentrate attention;
uCF; (v) to wrinkle the brows; to
disapprove; uC c M;
eMeM ; Fkgne eM.
froze : (v) (Fr) the past tense of freeze;
'freeze' kk l[ eg.
frontier : (n) (Frkn) border of a

country; a k ; F
[g.
frontiers man : (n) (Frkn gk) a
man who lives on the border between cultivated
land and wild land; u sc[}g
e[}g ln q J
hk.
frontispiece : (n) (F r k ) an
illustrated page placed opposite the title page
of a book; H eFe cF
[geF Uk leg eeF
eeg.
frost : (n) (Fr) frozen dew; the
occasion or season with freezing weather;
q[>; Er q[nuC un g
F sn
g; frost-bite : (n) (Fr&)
an inflammation, an injury, on account of
exposure to extreme cold; >Jk
qzbg eeg () zb; frost bitten :
(adj) (Fr Nk) being affected by
frost; injured by frost; >n cFe
qk; >n q[U k; frosty
: (adj) (Fr) very cold; unfriendly;
eg L; l.
froth : (n) (Fr) foam; collection of small
bubbles on liquids; r h e Lk
frozen : (v) (Frk) the past participle

of freeze; 'freeze' kk l[e
uCug.
fructify : (v) (Fre) to bear fruit; to
make fruitful; kLcuC un; k
eM.
fructose : (n) (Fre) a type of sugar
found in honey and fruits; k g[}tg
hGeL q a euC ueer.
frugal : (adj) (Fe) economical; thrifty;
Ve e kgk; u k; frugality: (n)
(FeH) quality of being economical;
thrift; Veekg; frugally : (adv) (FeH)
thriftily; more economically; ceFnk
zb uke [egt.
fruit : (n) (F) that part of a plant which

contains the seeds and which is used as food;
378
result; profit; hg; k; nk. (v) to

produce fruits; hGe cuC
un ; fruitful : (adj) (F )
producing fruits; fertile; yielding good results;
hG e eMe S k [ ; uF k;
kg neSk[.
fruition : (n) (Fk) attainment of a thing
longed for; enjoyment; g N nU
e_M; lk Pg.
fruitless : (adj)(F) unproductive;
useless; vain; gk; nk[} [ ;
kLc.
fruity : (adj) (F) resembling fruit;
humorous in a slightly shocking way; (of a voice)
deep and pleasant; hgk[; u[}t
cuCV g eJ euC nk;
(r aH eJ ) h g[} t g
l>gnk.
frustrate : (v) (Frr) to prevent; to
disappoint; to defeat; [t
M c M; g[} i M; in c M;
frustration : (n)(Fr
rk) disappoint
ment; g[}[g; rec.
fru - ful
u[uC un ; eM un ; ee e
zbeSM; eg gugeuC un.
fucker : (n) (ee) one who has done
something extremely stupid; akik
eg kgeuC uncMk.
fuddle : (v) () to confuse someone and
make him unable to think clearly; ar
k [ euC V c U uC un U
leg hFg nuC un.
fudge : (n) (o) nonsense; humbug; a kind
of sweet made from sugar, butter and milk often
has flavour added; g; nee;
u e e r, zb zn g[} t g
gk uU
uC unnF Mg l>FF
zbg; (v) to fake; Hne n
un.
fuel : (n) (FY) the substance used for
burning; the thing especially an incident, speech,
situation etc., that induces courage, vigour,
activity etc.; ; eeg, Hg,
UF zb Mg seh , qr,
sg Sn.
fry : (n) (Fr) young one of a fish; small

things; anything born in large numbers; k
; V eLk c; cre
qzbk; (v) to cook by heating with
oil; zbzn MF cM.
fuck : (v) (e) to have sex; qB[

e; ugk u.
fugitive : (adj) (FYK) changeable;

going away from justice; transitory; emigrant;
gtSk [ ; zb ke F n U
g[U FNnMSk[; sJ;
NhU ; (n) one who is running
away or hiding from the police or a dangerous
situation; e U[Jkk eH
lU () nergk phsJ
lU FNn k.
fuck off : (v) (e F) to go away; to

annoy; to damage; to harm; to upset; to do very
badly; Ln ; e M ;
fulcrum : (n) (erg) the fixed point on

which a lever rests while lifting a solid object;
geHk sF L.
ft : (n) (F) the abbreviation for foot; 'foot'

kk eeg.
ful - fun
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
fulfil : (v) (N) to perform; to carryout;

to bring to consummation; s[[}t;
un U ;
fulfilment
:
(n)
( N gk ) act of fulfilling;
completion; s[[}t; un ;
c un.
full : (adj) () abundant; complete;
containing as much as possible; rgk;
dgnk; s[k.
fullness : (n) (k) the state of being
complete or full; dg; c
; s[.
fully : (adv) (H) quite; completely;
[}iBg; dUg.
fulminate : (v) (k) to denounce;
to threaten; uCuee un; ezbcM;
uCtcM.
fulsome : (adj) (g) leading to disgust

by excessive nature; over flowing; e
Vn tFMSk[; c
nk; cee_n.
379
fumes : (n) (FYg) strong, unpleasant and

dangerous gas or smoke; g e,
ce_n eMg
() e.
fumigate : (v) (FYe) to remove
harmful insects; bacteria, disease etc. from
somewhere or something using chemicals in a
gaseous or smoky form; eMcn
cMg eSe, zb
Je, n k[[}[ lrunkF
ee ezbM e M
Ln[}iM () cM.
fumigation : (n) (FYek) the act of
fumigating; e M.
fun : (n) (k) playfulness; amusement;
jocularity; e e; n M ;
eLee; egLkg.
function : (n) (Gk) business; operation;
duty; ceremony; ; unzb;
eg; uG; (v) to work or operate; to
act; to serve; un; un cM;
un.
fumble : (v) (gN) to handle clumsily; to

grope about awkwardly; he e g[} [
[J en; .
fund : (n) (zb) the sum of money to be
used for a purpose; capital; stock of money;
sc; kg; scg; (v) to deposit or
invest money for interest; [ zb
z kg un.
fume : (v) (FYg) be very angry without
expressing it; Leee eg
eMGeg e.
fundamental : (adj) (zbgk)

bare; important; Fnk; eSn
gk.
fundamentalism : (n) (zbgk
Hg) the conviction of following strictly the
doctrine of a religion; a ge eM
ee ezbFeF Nk[}i zbMg
k[ h gNee, hgg.
380
fundamentals : (n.pl.) (zb gk

) the main principles; an essential thing;
F UGe; eSn gug.
funeral : (n) (FYkr) a religious
ceremony for burying or burning the body of a
dead person; u g; E uG;
\geSn.
fungus : (n) (Ge) a kind of plant without leaves and flowers; any of various types of
organisms which obtain their food from decaying
material or other living beings; ek;
ne; dSn eL ()
N[ qJkG e L l U ke e k
qz MUe eg qJkg.
funk : (n) (Ge) the state of unhappy and
without hope; g N e e lh ;
gShuCVJ s.
funnel : (n) (k) a conical tube; passage
for air, smoke, or liquid in a building; k;
a ec lU e[}t, e, E
k[ LniuC u[}ek
hn.
funnily : (adv) (k>H) strangely;
kge; Ugne.
funny : (adj) (>) full of fun or joke;
strange; exciting amusement; eugk;
eHnk; eee Fk.
fur1 : (n) () fine soft hair covering animals
like rabbit; the garment made of animal skin
with the fur; n k[ GeLk
gkgnk gJ; qrgUk _n
k .
fur2 : (n) () a hard pale grey substance

which can form on the inside of water pipes,
fun - fur
kettles etc.; (ee qne c

le g )
E e hn ,
e
k [ [} i k q [geF U
leg Lin dF s[F;
(v) to form a hard grey substance; Lin
dF s[F Lk k _in
[}i n M.
furbish : (v) (NR) to renovate; to rub
and polish; UFNcM; k[e nU
F
FeSM.
furious : (adj) (FYn) extremely angry;

violent; eMGeg ezb; ee
kgk.
furl : (v) () to fold especially a flag, sail

or umbrella into a tube shape; e,
n(grg), k[[}[e hn
kt geSM.
furlong : (n) (G) a unit of length equal

to 21 metres or 1/8 mile; 201 ()
gH a en E
.
furlough : (n) () permission for
absence from duty; MF e e g ;
e rg le e M U e
eg Pgc.
fur - fus
\>Vs[ gD - gD >t V]
furnace : (n) (k) a container which

is heated to a high temperature, so that the
substances that are put inside it such as metal
will melt; ceu F sJ
qeg k [ [} [F M
qe S F
nk M F Mg
eek.
furnish : (v) (>R) to supply; to provide;
to equip with; LcM; qM; srFNM.
furnishings : (p.l.n.) ( > G )
furnitures; appliances; [}eHe, cruC
We, Fe.
furniture : (n) (>uCu) items such as
chairs, tables, beds, cupboards etc. which are
put into a house or a building to make suitable
for living or working; ucne hc
U unc Ue a M
U a e c qneF
M F Mg [} e He , gue ,
e, Meee, g k[
ugke.
furrow : (n) (r) a long narrow trench or

groove made in the earth by a plough; qh;
e; (v) to plough; qdcM.
further : (adj) () at a longer distance;
more remote; additional;
q; l[} gBg; (v) to encourage; to
succeed; to advance; q[} u e M ;
kiM; uccM.
furtherance : (n) (rk) advancement;
kk[}[g.
381
furthermore : (adv) (g) more

over; more importantly; eg eSn ge;
gBg.
furthest : (adj,adv) () most distant;
farthest;
B ;
eVJB.
furtive : (adj) () done in secret;
stealthy; stolen; reVngeuC unc;
cMkgk; ck.
fury : (n) (FY) violent anger; madness;
extreme anger; ug; eg; i;
eMGeg.
fuse : (n) (FY) a small safety part in an

electrical device which causes it to stop working
if the electric current is too high; a cord carrying
spark to cause explosion; kure eJ
ceFnk kurg gU
k qS kurg n
unU een st qneF
Mg a Vt qS; nF [} [
cF nkMg c. (v) to melt by
heat; to combine by melting; qSM;
qeSM; qeS akt ucM.
fuselage : (n) (FYo) the main body
of an aircraft; gkcB (ne
g[}tg ureeeek) e eSngk
c.
fusillade : (n) (FY) a large number
of bullets fired at the sametime, or one after
another very quickly; ar ugnc
UFeS zbMe FM
() r e ak[k Nk ak[e
FM.
fusion : (n) (FYk) fusing different things
into one; the act of melting; qe S
ak[e; lz; qe.
382
fuss : (n) () display of restlessness about

less important things; bustle; commotion;
[} e en c [} e e un n F Mg
gL; u; rrF.
fussy : (adj) () creating commotion;
rrF qzbeSk[.
futile : (adj) (FY) useless; vain;
qneg[} [ ; zk; futility : (n)
fus - fut
(FYH) the quality of being useless;

>g.
future : (n) (F Y uC u ) the time that
is to come after present; later period;
ceg; N[}eg; Geg. (adj)
coming; of time to come; Sk [ ;
rFS[.

F

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Narmadha English - English - Tamil Dictionary

F : (F) sixth letter of the English

facade : (n) () the front view of

fable : (n) (F) legendary; fairy tale;

face : (n) () the front of the head

face-lift : (n) (HF) a medical

abbr. : eeg. Adj : n quCu. (n) : nuCu. (v) : kuC u.

facile : (adj) () easy; yielding;

factor : (n) (e) an agent; deputy;

factotum : (n) (eg) the person

fact : (n) (e) truth; reality; existence;

fad : (n) () an odd like or dislike;

factitious : (adj) (en) artificial;

fade : (v) () to wither; to vanish; to

Narmadha English - English - Tamil Dictionary

fag : (v) (e) to tire; to serve; to toil;

failure : (n) (n H n ) being

faint : (adj) (nk) depressed; weak;

gneegk; ek[; faint hearted : (adj)

faith : (n) (n) belief; trust; loyalty;

gNeen. (A faithless friend

falls : (n) () the place where a

fake : (v) (e) to forge; to deceive; to

false : (adj/adv) () not real;

falcon : (n) (ek) a bird with pointed

falsehood: (n) ( { ) lie;

fall : (v) () to drop down; to fail; to

familiar : (adj) (Hn) well-known;

Narmadha English - English - Tamil Dictionary

family : (n) (H) a house-hold;

family planning : (n) (H F>G)

fan1 : (n) (k) a device to provide a

fan2 : (n) (k) one who has great interest

fanatic : (n) (ke) the man filled with

fangle : (n) (Ge) fashion; style;

farmer : (n) ( g ) cultivator;

fantasize : (v) (k) to form

farm house : (n) (()g ) the

faraway : (adj) (r) distant;

fare : (n) () cost of journey; food;

farmyard : (n) (gn) an area

Narmadha English - English - Tamil Dictionary

fast : (v) () to abstain from food;

fatal : (adj) () causing death;

father2 : (n) () the supreme being;

fatten : (v) (k) to grow fat; to

fatuous : (adj) () foolishly

to help; k eM; gNee YM;

faucet : (n) () a tap; hn;

fay : (n) () an imp; a fairy; F

Narmadha English - English - Tamil Dictionary

uCunc hU; gk gcn

feather : (n) () the soft covering of

feasible : (adj) (N) capable of

feat : (n) () a very difficult deed; trick;

feces/faeces : (n) (X) excrement;

amount for an examination; wages; ugg;

consciousness; the sense of touch; emotion;

feeble : (adj) (N) lacking strength;

feet : (n.pl.) () the lower end of the

feed : (v) () to take food; to give food;

feign : (v) (nk) to forge; to pretend;

felicity : (n) (H) skilfulness;