Braced frame

A Column
B Beam
D Brace
E Gusset plate

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

h = 96-6 = 90

Eight-story steel braced frame

Assume
High strength steel (yield strength Fy = 50 ksi )
Average wind pressure

51

Gravity load = 50 psf

DL
LL
Total

Column
a+d
b+c
V=122 k

Braced frame

Beam (psf)
70
50x0.5 = 25
95

Column load (per foot on beam)

w = 90 psf x 30/1000
Beam load
w = 95 psf x 30/1000
Base shear
V = 30 psf x 45 x 90/1000
Overturn moment M
M = 122 k x 51

V=122 k

P=78 k

Column (psf)
70
50x0.4 = 20
90

Fy = 50 ksi
P = 30 psf

P=78 k

P lateral = M/30
P=0
P=6222 k/30= 207 k

w = 2.7 klf
w = 2.85 klf
V = 122 k
M = 6222 k
P gravity = n w A tributary
P = 8x2.7x15 = 324 k
P = 8x2.7x30 = 648 k

Brace force (see vectors)

Note:
brace alters from tension to compression
design for compression, due to buckling
Prof Schierle

Brace (psf)
70
50
120

P
324 k
855 k
P = 78 k

Column and brace design (use AISC column table)

Column
a+d
b+c
Brace

Braced frame

P
324 k
855 k
78 k

Prof Schierle

KL length
12
12
20

Use
W14x61
W14x120
W14x43

Pall vs. P
410 > 324
919 > 855
117 > 78

Beam design

Bending moment
M = wL2/8 = 2.85 klf x 302/8
Section Modulus
S = M/Fb = 321 kx12/ 30 ksi
Use W18x76
Deflection = (5/384) W L3/ (E I)
= (5/384) (2.85x30) (30x12)3/ (30,000x1330)
allowable = L/240 = (30x12)/240 = 1.5
Note: while the center bay beams are supported by braces,
IBC requires such beams to be designed without brace support

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

M = 321 k
S = 128 in3
146 > 128
= 1.3
1.5 > 1.3, ok

Design 4th story columns

27

Assume
High strength steel (yield strength Fy = 50 ksi )
Average wind pressure
Gravity load = 50 psf
DL
LL
Total

Column (psf)
70
50x0.4 = 20
90

Column load (per foot on beam)

w = 90 psf x 30/1000
Beam load
w = 95 psf x 30/1000
4th floor shear V
V = 30 psf x 45 x 3.5 x 12/1000
Overturn moment M
Lever arm = 3.5x12/2+6 = 27
M = 56.7 k x 27
Column
a+d
b+c

P lateral = M/30
P=0
P=1531 k/30= 51 k

Fy = 50 ksi
P = 30 psf
Beam (psf)
70
50x0.5 = 25
95

Brace (psf)
70
50
120
w = 2.7 klf
w = 2.85 klf
V = 56.7 k

M = 1531 k
P gravity = n w A tributary
P = 4x2.7x15 = 162 k
P = 4x2.7x30 = 324 k

P
162 k
375 k

V=56.7 k
P=36 k

Braced frame

P=36 k

Brace force (use vectors)

Prof Schierle

P = 36 k
5

Column and brace design (use AISC column table)

Column
a+d
b+c
Brace

Braced frame

P
162 k
375 k
36 k

Prof Schierle

KL length
12
12
20

Use
W8x31
W14x61
W8x31

Pall vs. P
189 > 162
410 > 375
97 > 36

Braced frame
Prof Schierle
7

regarding locations of openings

Architectural bracing options

regarding number of joints and brace length

Structural bracing options

First interstate Bank Los Angeles

Architect: I M Pei
Engineer: CBM

Bracing configurations

Combines framed tube exterior

with braced core

Moment frame
drift

Braced frame

Braced frame
drift

Combined
drift
Prof Schierle

Expressed bracing
Braced frame

1 IBM building Pittsburgh

Architect: Curtis and Davis
Engineer: Worthington & Skilling
2 Alcoa building San Francisco
Architect/Engineer: SOM
3 Federal Reserve Banc Boston
Architect: Hugh Stubbins
Engineer: Le Messurier

Prof Schierle

1 Onterie Center Chicago

Architect/Engineer: SOM
2 Proposed 142 story tower Chicago
Architect: Kay Vierk Janis

John Hancock tower Chicago

Architect/Engineer: SOM
Braced tube

Braced frame

AT&T tower, Seattle

Architect: Basetti et all
Engineer: Skilling et all

Bank of China Hong Kong

Architect: I M Pei
Engineer: Ove Arup

Braced superstructure with

4 columns of 12 ksi high strength
concrete in 10 steel tubes

Braced superstructure defines

architectural form

Prof Schierle

10

John Hancock Tower Chicago

Architect/Engineer: SOM

Expressed bracing

Alcoa Building San Francisco

Architect/Engineer: SOM

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

11

joins exterior columns to transfer shear to reduce drift

Belt truss/outrigger

Braced frame

1 Georgia-Pacific tower, Atlanta

Architect: SOM
Engineer: Weidlinger Associates
2 Barcelona hotel
Architect: SOM

Prof Schierle

12

Gue-lam beam anlogy

Small drift
Large
(unglued
(glued
boards
boards
resist
resist
in synergy
independently)
shear joins tension & compression)

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

13

Belt truss / Outrigger

Barcelona Hotel

Braced frame

Hong Kong-Shanghai Bank

Prof Schierle

14

Visco elastic bracing

http://ascelibrary.org/emo/resource/1/jenmdt/v129/i6/p597_s1?isAuthorized=no
www.dist.unina.it/proc/1998/ECEE11/ECEE11/T5/PAOODO.PDF

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

15

Braced frame
Prof Schierle
16

A Column; B beam; C brace; D gusset plate; E stiffener plates

Eccentric braced details

(Adjusts stiffness between flexible moment frame and stiff braced frame
e = link beam (short link beam stiff; long link beam flexible frame

Eccentric braced frame

Chase Manhattan Banc New York Century Tower Tokyo

Architect / Engineer: SOM

Braced frame

Architect: Norman Foster

Engineer: Ove Arup

Prof Schierle

17

Eccentric braced frame

LA courthouse @ 105 / 405
features twin link-beams

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

18

LA courthouse @ 105 / 405

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

19

LA courthouse @ 105 / 405

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

20

Braced frame

Prof Schierle

21