At the end of the session, students should be able to:
Determine static bottom-hole pressure(static BHP) using different methods Determine flowing bottom-hole pressure(flowing BHP) using different methods
Gas Well Performance
Figure (6.1) Gas Production Schematic
Gas Well Performance
Deliverability
The ability of reservoir to deliver a certain quantity
of gas depends upon: 1. inflow performance relationship (IPR) 2. flowing bottom-hole pressure (FBHP) Well & Facilities Performance
Flowing bottom-hole pressure depends upon:
1. Separator pressure
2. Configuration of the piping system
Gas Well Performance
These conditions can be expressed as: (8.1)
(8.2)
Bottom-Hole Pressures (BHP)
The bottom hole pressure (BHP) must be known in order to predict the productivity or absolute open flow potential (AOF) of gas wells. Preferred method is a BHP gauge (down-hole pressure gauge). However, BHP can be estimated if following is known:
well head pressure,
well head temperature, formation temperature, well depth gas specific gravity
Basic Energy Equation when no flow
For a static gas column, the basic energy balance is:
OR
Further assume that the local g equals
the g constant (g = gc) and re-arrange:
11
Static BHP for Slanted Wells
For slanted wells as shown below, total length L and depth Z are related:
Relates Inclination to Pipe Length & angle 12
BHP for slanted wells
In differential form:
Where dZ is the change in the elevation in the upward
direction and dL is positive upwards. -- Assuming a single-phase fluid that obeys the real gas equation of state (EOS), gas density can be expressed as a function of pressure:
13
BHP for slanted wells
Combining the equations yields:
Combine with:
AND
To get:
14
Root of all methods for BHSP calc.
Relates the change in wellbore pressure
as a function of depth and gas density. Derived from Energy Balance Assumed static conditions (no kinetic energy, friction loss or work done) Replaced density with EOS (equation of state)
Average Temp. & z-Factor Method
Both gas density & z factor are p & T
dependent and change with well depth Solving the root equation is thus difficult If T & z-factor are assumed constant then a solution can be obtained as follows:
whose solution is
Solution Technique
Because depends on p which is unknown,
solution requires an iterative process. 1. Assume a value of BHSP, , A good guess can be obtained from:
2. Compute avg pressure & temperature & use it
to find avg z-factor 3. Calculate with the earlier equation. 4. Iterate on steps 2 through 4 until converges.
Example for Class Participation
Since depends on p which is unknown,
solution requires an iterative process. 1. Assume a value of BHSP, . A good guess can be obtained from:
2. Compute avg pressure & temperature
& use it to find avg z-factor 3. Calculate with the earlier equation. 4. Iterate on steps 2 to 4 until converges.
Example Solution
Example Solution
Because of the simplifying assumptions made in its
development, this method is not accurate for deeper wells and alternate methods should be used.