Study Guide
Patent: A document issued by the government that gives an
inventor the sole right to make, distribute, or sell a particular
invention for a certain number of years. A patent protects work
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Combustible Fuels
Gasoline: refined petroleum used as fuel for internal combustion
engines. Gasoline engines rely on a spark plug to ignite the fuel
used to drive the pistons.
Diesel: an internal combustion engine in which heat produced by
the compression of air (no spark plug) in the cylinder is used
to ignite the fuel.
Bio-diesel: a vegetable or animal fat-based diesel alternative
that cuts emissions of carbon monoxide and smog-producing
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The engine cycle begins with the intake stroke as the piston is pulled
towards the crankshaft (to the left in the figure). The intake valve is open,
and fuel and air are drawn past the valve and into the combustion chamber
and cylinder from the intake manifold located on top of the combustion
chamber.
Pneumatic System
- A pneumatic system uses air or another inert gas for operation.
- When the volume of a cylinder filled with air is compressed, the
increase in pressure equals a rise in heat.
Hydraulic System
- A hydraulic system uses fluid for operation.
- When the volume of a cylinder filled with oil is extremely difficult
to compress. It is so hard to compress that the hydraulic brake
systems used in most cars operate on the principle that there is
essentially no change in the volume of the brake fluid when
pressure is applied to this liquid.
Pressure = Force/Area