Kalpana Chawla

Kalpana Chawla (March 17, 1962[2][a] February 1, 2003) was born in Karnal, India. She was the
first Indian-American astronaut and first Indian woman in space. She first flew on Space
Shuttle Columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic armoperator. In 2003, Chawla
was one of the seven crew members killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.

Early life
Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, India. She completed her earlier schooling at Tagore Baal
Niketan Senior Secondary School, Karnal and completed her Bachelor of Engineering degree in
Aeronautical Engineering at Punjab Engineering College at Chandigarh in 1982. She moved to the
United States in 1982 where she obtained a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering
from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1984. Determined to become an astronaut even in the
face of the Challenger disaster, Chawla went on to earn a second Masters in 1986 and a PhD in
aerospace engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado at Boulder.

Career
In 1988, she began working at the NASA Ames Research Center as Vice President of Overset
Methods, Inc. where she did Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research on Vertical/Short

Takeoff and Landing concepts. Chawla held a Certificated Flight Instructor rating for airplanes,
gliders and Commercial Pilot licenses for single and multi-engine airplanes, seaplanes and gliders.
Becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen in April 1991, Chawla applied for the NASA Astronaut
Corps. She joined the Corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1996. She spoke
the following words while traveling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your intelligence".
She had traveled 10.67 million km, as many as 252 times around the Earth.
Her first space mission began on November 19, 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew
the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. Chawla was the first Indian-born woman and the second
Indian person to fly in space, following cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma who flew in 1984 on the Soyuz

T-11. On her first mission, Chawla traveled over 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of the earth, logging
more than 372 hours in space. During STS-87, she was responsible for deploying the Spartan
Satellite which malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Takao Doi to
capture the satellite. A five-month NASA investigation fully exonerated Chawla by identifying errors in
software interfaces and the defined procedures of flight crew and ground control.

After the completion of STS-87 post-flight activities, Chawla was assigned to technical positions in
the astronaut office to work on the space station, her performance in which was recognized with a
special award from her peers.
Chawla in the space shuttle simulator
In 2000 she was selected for her second flight as part of the crew of STS-107. This mission was
repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and technical problems such as the July 2002
discovery of cracks in the shuttle engine flow liners. On January 16, 2003, Chawla finally returned to
space aboard Columbia on the ill-fated STS-107 mission. Chawla's responsibilities included
the microgravityexperiments, for which the crew conducted nearly 80 experiments studying earth
and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety.
Death
Main article: Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
Chawla died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster which occurred on February 1, 2003, when the
Space Shuttle disintegrated over Texas during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, with the loss of
all seven crew members, shortly before it was scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107.[8]
Awards
Posthumously awarded:
Congressional Space Medal of Honor
NASA Space Flight Medal
NASA Distinguished Service Medal
Memorials

The Kalpana Chawla ISU Scholarship fund was founded by alumni of the International
Space University (ISU) in 2010 to support Indian student participation in international space
education programs.
The Kalpana Chawla Memorial Scholarship program was instituted by the Indian Students
Association (ISA) at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) in 2005 for meritorious
graduate students.
The Kalpana Chawla Outstanding Recent Alumni Award at the University of Colorado, given
since 1983, was renamed for Chawla.
In Karnal, Chawla's birthplace, at least 30,000 school children and citizens joined hands to
make a 36.4-km-long human chain to support the demand for a Kalpana Chawla
Government Medical College in the city, which was announced by Health Minister of India C.
P. Thakur and later promised by Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh. The Kalpana
Chawla Medical College Nirman Committee, backed by volunteers and activists of various
organizations, supported by students from 34 schools, swarmed the roads and formed a
chain along the roads in Karnal to demonstrate that they continued to revere Chawla as an
outstanding astronaut. On November 18, 2013, the foundation stone of the college was laid
in her memory by the state government.
Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla, one of seven named after the Columbia's crew.

On February 5, 2003, India's prime minister announced that the meteorological series of
satellites, MetSat, was to be renamed as "Kalpana". The first satellite of the series, "MetSat1", launched by India on September 12, 2002, is now known as "Kalpana-1". "Kalpana-2"
was expected to be launched by 2007.
74th Street in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City has been renamed 74th Street
Kalpana Chawla Way in her honor.
The University of Texas at Arlington, where Chawla obtained a Master of Science degree in
aerospace engineering in 1984, opened a dormitory named Kalpana Chawla Hall in 2004.
The Kalpana Chawla Award was instituted by the government of Karnataka in 2004 for
young women scientists.