GP 52-20
Applicability
Group
Date
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
BP GROUP
ENGINEERING TECHNICAL PRACTICES
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Foreword
This is the first issue of Engineering Technical Practice (ETP) BP GP 52-20. This Guidance on
Practice (GP) is based on parts of heritage documents from the merged BP companies as follows:
BP
RP 24-1
Amoco
A NM-F-00-E
PTA NM-F-00-G
PTA NM-F-00-E
Arco
Standard 803. Rev 3
Fireproofing.
Copyright 2005, BP Group. All rights reserved. The information contained in this
document is subject to the terms and conditions of the agreement or contract under which
the document was supplied to the recipients organisation. None of the information
contained in this document shall be disclosed outside the recipients own organisation
without the prior written permission of Director of Engineering, BP Group, unless the
terms of such agreement or contract expressly allow.
Page 2 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Table of Contents
Page
1.
Scope .................................................................................................................................... 4
2.
Normative references............................................................................................................. 4
3.
4.
General.................................................................................................................................. 5
5.
Criteria ................................................................................................................................... 5
6.
Extent of fireproofing.............................................................................................................. 7
6.1. General....................................................................................................................... 7
6.2. Structures ................................................................................................................... 8
6.3. Piping........................................................................................................................ 11
6.4. Equipment, Instrumentation & Control, and Electrical ............................................... 12
6.5. Outside battery limits (OSBL) of processing facility ................................................... 16
6.6. Fireproofing not required........................................................................................... 16
7.
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 26
List of Figures
Figure 1 - PFP of fire potential equipment structural support......................................................... 22
Figure 2 - PFP of fire and nonfire potential equipment structural support ...................................... 22
Figure 3 - PFP of nonfire potential equipment structural support................................................... 23
Figure 4 - PFP of pipe racks with fire potential pumps .................................................................. 23
Figure 5 - PFP of pipe racks without fire potential pumps.............................................................. 24
Figure 6 - PFP of air cooler structural support............................................................................... 24
Figure 7 - PFP of transfer line support .......................................................................................... 25
Page 3 of 26
12 December 2005
1.
2.
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Scope
a.
This GP defines minimum technical requirements for selection of materials, methods, and
designation of passive fireproofing of structures, piping, equipment, and control systems.
b.
Normative references
The following normative documents contain requirements that, through reference in this text,
constitute requirements of this technical practice. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this
technical practice are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
document referred to applies.
BP
GP 06-60
GP 44-80
GIS 52-201
3.
Emergency shutdown.
FRA
MI
OSBL
Page 4 of 26
12 December 2005
4.
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
P&ID
PFP
General
a.
2.
Structures supporting heavy loads that, if they were to fail, would lead to significant
hydrocarbon release, catastrophic failure, or loss or damage to control centre or
emergency system.
3.
Class 0 hydrocarbon storage vessels or other plant that could fail catastrophically or
lead to further significant releases.
b.
Fireproofing may be applied to critical equipment and structures to protect investment and
production.
c.
d.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Criteria
a.
Decision to fireproof and extent of fireproofing at facility shall involve assessment of risk
to personnel and equipment in case of fire.
Intent of fireproofing is to:
This GP, along with consultation with local facility operations and safety personnel,
should be used to:
Page 5 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Other resources for determining fireproofing needs are risk management and
insurance personnel.
Once decision has been made to fireproof, definition of low, medium, high fire
potential areas, special considerations of extent of fireproofing as defined later in
this GP, and preference for fireproofing installation materials and methods should
be passed on to Vendors performing fireproofing design.
b.
2.
3.
Pumps operating at high enough pressure or flow rate that upon seal failure
may accumulate pool or spray adjacent equipment handling flammable or
combustible liquids above their flash (at atmospheric conditions) or auto
ignition point.
Reactors that operate at high pressure or are likely to produce exothermic
reactions.
Compressors and seal oil systems with potential prolonged release of flammable
materials.
4.
Page 6 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
In refineries and chemical plants, process facilities that have medium fire potential
should have structures fireproofed because these facilities cannot usually be
evacuated.
Facilities handling gaseous materials only may not require fireproofing.
In production sector, decision to fireproof is based on location fire fighting
philosophy, ability to evacuate personnel, risk to personnel and public, and
evaluation of other fire protection options. Most common fire fighting philosophy is
to fight only incipient fires. In event of major fire, facility is shut down and
abandoned. Under this philosophy, fireproofing is normally only used on emergency
shutdown equipment.
6.
Extent of fireproofing
6.1.
General
6.1.1.
6.1.2.
6.1.3.
a.
Passive fire protection (PFP) may be used to protect plant, equipment, and structures
against radiant heat or flame impingement from fires.
b.
c.
In all cases, guidance may be subject to results of site specific fire scenario analysis.
d.
This GP specifically addresses PFP against effects of pool fires. Jet fires or vapour cloud
explosion scenarios have special considerations. In such cases, BP group technology fire
advisor should be contacted.
Fireproofing of structures
a.
Fireproofing shall extend 10,7 m (35 ft) above base of potential fire.
b.
2.
c.
d.
In addition to ground level, horizontal surfaces that can accumulate flammable liquids shall
be identified and reviewed for consideration as fire base.
Fireproofing of equipment
a.
b.
Structures for air coolers more than 10,7 m (35 ft) above base of potential fire shall be
reviewed for potential fireproofing.
c.
Fireproofing for storage vessels shall ensure that through predicted duration of fire:
1.
2.
d.
b)
Alloy plate sections in vessel vapour space shall have appropriate maximum
temperature established.
Fireproofing for structural columns and beams shall ensure that permitted deflections in
BS 5950: Part 8 are not exceeded through predicted duration of fire.
Page 7 of 26
12 December 2005
e.
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
In hydrocarbon areas, fire resistance ratings for jet or engulfment fires or radiative
heat shall be determined by internationally approved high intensity hydrocarbon test.
2.
In non hydrocarbon areas, fire resistance rating may be selected from standard time
versus temperature test programme.
6.2.
Structures
6.2.1.
General
a.
Structural members supporting equipment and piping in areas identified as medium or high
fire potential shall have fireproofing.
Generally, all structures supporting equipment in medium and high fire potential
areas designated for fireproofing should be fireproofed. Minor piping supports may
not require fireproofing as determined in fireproofing review.
Structures not supporting piping and equipment or supporting piping or equipment
that would not contribute fuel to fire and contain non toxic material need not be
fireproofed, even in high or medium fire potential areas. Before deciding not to
fireproof, consequences should be considered of these structures falling on adjacent
equipment and causing damage that would contribute to fire or compromise fire
fighting efforts.
Fireproofing for structures supporting equipment is normally installed to 10,7 m
(35 ft) above fire source. Fireproofing for pipe racks is normally installed up to and
including first pipe support bank including both columns and beams but not
spandrels.
Issues that should be considered when deciding extent of fireproofing include:
b.
6.2.2.
If predicted fire duration in hydrocarbon areas is greater than 10 min, structures and
equipment outside flame but exposed to high radiation levels may require PFP.
Concrete structures
a.
Unless specified otherwise, reinforced concrete structures should not normally require
fireproofing.
b.
c.
6.2.3.
Steel structures
6.2.3.1.
General
a.
6.2.3.2 through 6.2.3.7 are guidance for application of PFP to steel structures but may be
subject to results of fire scenario analysis.
b.
In medium or high fire potential areas, the following equipment shall have fireproofing:
Page 8 of 26
12 December 2005
6.2.3.2.
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
1.
Outside of supporting skirts and supporting saddles, lugs, or legs of all vessels and
exchangers that contain flammable liquids or gases.
2.
Exception to 1. is that saddles less than 300 mm (12 in) high at centre shall not
require fireproofing.
3.
Both sides of supporting skirts and on bottom heads of vertical vessels if:
a)
b)
There are 2 or more skirt openings or single opening exceeding 600 mm (24 in)
diameter.
c)
Bottom head is insulated. Fireproofing of head may be hard coat finish instead
of stainless steel jacket.
If predictable fire loadings can cause collapse, fireproofing should be applied as follows:
a.
Structures that support high or medium fire potential equipment (see API 2218).
b.
Vertical and horizontal primary support members from grade to highest level at which
equipment is supported (Figure 2).
c.
Elevated floors and platforms that can accumulate significant quantities of liquid
hydrocarbons (Figures 3 and 5).
d.
Structures, collapse of which would result in substantial damage to nearby control centres
and/or emergency systems or lead to escalation of incident.
e.
Primary horizontal and vertical support members up to and including level that is nearest
to 9 m (30 ft) above grade or if fire loading exceeds 44 kW/m2 (13 950 Btu/hr/ft2)
(Figure 4).
f.
Knee and diagonal bracing that contributes to support of vertical loads or to horizontal
stability of columns (Figures 1 and 6). Knee and diagonal bracing used only for wind,
earthquake, surge, or transportation loading need not be fireproofed.
It is advisable to remove bracing that is required only for transportation purposes
after equipment is installed.
6.2.3.3.
g.
h.
i.
Beams that support equipment, except for upper surface of top flange.
a.
Piperacks
1.
Primary vertical and horizontal support members up to and including first level of
piperacks within fire exposed envelope of sufficient intensity and duration should be
considered for fireproofing.
2.
3.
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12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
4.
b.
Wind, earthquake, transportation, and non load bearing beams that run parallel to
piping shall not be fireproofed.
Air coolers
1.
Air coolers that handle flammable fluids and are installed on top of pipe racks or that
have high or medium fire potential equipment located beneath them shall have
vertical and horizontal support members fireproofed up to base of cooler, regardless
of elevation above grade (Figure 6).
2.
If firewall is not required, it is probably unlikely that fire can be sustained at air
cooler level. Additional fire protection may not be required.
c.
d.
6.2.3.4.
Bracing
1.
Fireproofing shall be considered for knee and diagonal bracings that contribute to
support of vertical loads (Figures 1 and 4).
2.
Knee or diagonal bracing used for wind or earthquake loading need not be fireproofed
(Figures 1, 2, 3, and 6).
Auxiliary supports
1.
Auxiliary pipe supports for main pipe rack holding pipe larger than DN 150 (NPS 6)
or on essential duties (e.g., flare, relief, blowdown, and pump suction from
accumulators or towers) shall be fireproofed if within fire exposed envelope.
2.
Support for low level air coolers in hydrocarbon service shall be fireproofed.
6.2.3.5.
a.
Vessel skirts
1.
2.
If there are flanges or valves within skirt or if there are manway openings larger than
600 mm (24 in) in diameter, skirt interior surfaces shall be fireproofed.
3.
Skirts of vessels less than 760 mm (30 in) in diameter need not be fireproofed on
inside.
4.
5.
Manholes in skirts
a)
b)
Page 10 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
6.
b.
6.2.3.6.
Other supports
1.
2.
3.
4.
Particular attention shall be paid to detailing around bolts anchored in epoxy resin
because there is danger of conducted heat affecting anchorage.
5.
Elevated exposed legs supporting towers or vessels shall be fireproofed to their full
load bearing height.
Steel saddles supporting horizontal exchangers, condensers, drums, receivers, and accumulators
shall be fireproofed if saddles:
a.
b.
c.
Have vertical distance between concrete pier and shell greater than 460 mm (18 in).
Protection of vessel saddles that have provision for sliding on bedplate should
include covering bolts in Denso paste or tape or equivalent and keeping elongated
holes free of concrete. It is important to check before commissioning and
periodically thereafter that appropriate supports are free to slide.
6.2.3.7.
6.3.
a.
Supports for fired heaters in hydrocarbon service shall have fireproofing up to point where
steel supports are attached to steel floor plate of firebox.
b.
c.
If common stacks handle flue gas from several heaters, structural members supporting
ducts between heaters and stacks shall be fireproofed.
d.
At furnaces, support columns below floor level, major supports for hydrocarbon process
piping, and stack supports shall be fireproofed.
e.
Non process piping supports shall be fireproofed if collapse of supports could allow piping
to fall on hydrocarbon bearing piping or equipment.
Piping
If piping and equipment are already insulated for heat conservation or other
purposes, upgrading insulation to provide fireproofing usually only costs the
difference between stainless steel and aluminium jacketing.
a.
Prefabricated combination insulation and fireproofing with stainless steel jackets shall be
used for small valves and similar equipment if materials meet applicable requirements.
b.
Piping shall be fireproofed using mastic materials as defined for structures and supports,
subject to BP approval.
Piping generally requires no fireproofing and may be expected to withstand
considerable exposure to fire without failure because of normally low stress levels,
Page 11 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
external insulation, and cooling effects of contents. However, certain flanged lines
carrying flammable process materials should be considered for fireproofing.
c.
d.
Flare, critical duty (e.g., breathing air), and high hazard toxic material (e.g., ammonia,
chlorine, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen sulphide) pipelines and their supports shall be
fireproofed if:
1.
2.
In areas identified as high fire potential, the following piping shall have fireproofing:
1.
Relief valve inlet and discharge piping, except relief valve discharge piping that vents
directly to atmosphere shall not require fireproofing.
2.
3.
Flangeless (wafer type) butterfly, check, block, and control valves in hydrocarbon
service.
Piping in general does not require fireproofing. Fireproofing hydrocarbon piping
that is already insulated usually only requires changing aluminium jacket to steel if
insulation material complies with requirements for fireproofing in GP 52-10.
Fireproofing should be considered for piping in high fire potential areas if rupture
could add significant fuel to fire or if piping will already be insulated.
Mastics should be considered if corrosion under insulation or weight is of concern
and piping needs to be fireproofed. Mastics can be effective for offshore.
6.4.
6.4.1.
Vessels
a.
Vessel type
1.
Only PFP will provide satisfactory protection against jet and engulfment fires that are
characteristic of Class 0 petroleum pressurised storage vessels.
2.
3.
Pipe work and supports leading from vessel up to first emergency shutdown (ESD)
valve shall be fireproofed.
4.
Support legs of spherical storage tanks shall be fireproofed to full load bearing height.
Although top of vessel is apparently less at risk in fire, in fact, it is often most
vulnerable since it is not cooled by evaporation of liquid contents. There are well
known examples of vessels failing during fire, even though pressure relief valves
were probably limiting pressure to vessel design pressure because high temperature
had reduced material strength below design code safety factors (see Feyzin Refinery
disaster in France, 1966).
b.
Sizing credits
1.
If fireproofing sizing credits have been taken for relief system design, pressure
containing parts of hydrocarbon service vessels and exchangers shall be fireproofed in
accordance with GIS 52-201.
2.
Page 12 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
d.
6.4.2.
2.
PFP shall be applied to selected vessels to reduce discharge rate and size of any
closed relief system (see GP 44-80) if:
a)
Economical.
b)
c)
If pressure relief valve on vessel is sized in accordance with b., PFP shall be
specifically designed to resist forces of fire hose streams and maintain insulation
properties for extended period, as specified by BP.
2.
Period in (1.) depends on fire fighting facilities available and nature of installation but
should not be less than 2 hr.
a.
b.
In areas of medium and high fire potential, the following instrumentation and control
equipment shall have fireproofing:
1.
Instruments that monitor process conditions during shutdown such as key levels,
pressures, and temperatures
b)
c)
Instrument wiring cabinets (such as DCS marshalling cabinets) that are located
within the plant or facility and are in a fire exposed envelope
d)
electrical circuits,
e)
instrument air tubing, instrument air junction boxes, and operators of motor
operated valves.
Page 13 of 26
12 December 2005
6.4.3.
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
a.
Power and control cables associated with critical operating equipment or loss prevention
devices located within areas where they may be exposed to flame shall be fireproofed.
b.
c.
1.
2.
3.
If methods in b. are not available and prolonged cable service is desirable within areas
exposed to flame, the following options should be considered:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
d.
Instrument cables shall be routed outside of high fire potential areas if possible.
e.
ESD circuits shall be mineral wool insulated (MI) cable, subject to BP definition.
f.
Instrument cable trays in high fire potential areas shall be protected as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Top of tray shall be left non-insulated if potential fire source is below tray.
g.
Single conduits without MI cable shall be fireproofed in accordance with GIS 52-201.
h.
Protection system selected should keep cable temperature within acceptable limits for
period necessary to perform critical control functions.
Fireproofing systems for cables can result in cable operating temperatures that are
higher than normal. Cable may need to be derated.
6.4.4.
a.
Pneumatic and hydraulic control lines associated with double actuating, critical operating
equipment, or loss prevention devices sited within areas where they may be exposed to
flame shall be fireproofed.
b.
Fireproofing methods described for electrical cable in 6.4.3 are applicable to pneumatic
and hydraulic control lines.
c.
Hydraulic systems using type 304, 316, and 321 SS tubing may not require fireproofing if
all parts of system have pressure relief.
d.
Other types of control tubing are liable to rapid failure, and fireproofing with preformed
pipe insulation should be considered.
e.
Assembly should be weather protected with stainless or galvanised steel sheeting held in
place with stainless steel bands and screws.
Galvanised steel sheet can cause embrittlement of stainless steel, particularly in
intimate contact.
Page 14 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Aluminium cladding fails quickly in fire and can generate flaming particles that can
travel and cause ignition outside fire envelope.
6.4.5.
f.
PFP applied to control systems shall be compatible with operational and maintenance
requirements.
g.
h.
Emergency valves
a.
If continued power is required to operate valves within significant fire exposed envelope
that are critical for safe shutdown, depressurisation, or isolating feed of unit, valve and its
associated power supply shall have fireproofing.
b.
Power and signal lines and motor or actuator shall have fireproofing.
c.
Valve body and pipe work 3 m (10 ft) either side of valve may also require protection.
d.
Protection shall be designed such that adequate time is allowed for valve to travel from
fully open to fully closed position (or vice versa) if exposed to hydrocarbon jet fire.
e.
f.
g.
Motor actuator may be protected by preformed fire resistant material, specially designed
removable fire resistant blanket, or assemblies that use mastic materials.
h.
If specifying emergency valves and protective covers, the following items require special
consideration:
1.
Thermal limit switches built into electric motors that may cause motor to fail during
fire.
2.
Valve handwheel and engaging lever shall not be fireproofed such that valve is
inoperable.
3.
4.
For many soft seated valves, behaviour during fire is not significant factor
compared with other issues.
For certain critical duties it is necessary to distinguish between valves that must
remain operable for some period during fire and those required to remain
closed.
Performance of motor, actuator, and cabling during fire is just as important as
that of valve itself.
Fire tests of large valves (DN 200 [NPS 8] and above) have required
unrealistically long fire durations for test completion.
Many valves sold as fire tested to published standard, when checked, have not
complied with standard.
Page 15 of 26
12 December 2005
i.
j.
6.5.
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Removable and reusable fireproof enclosures shall be specified for emergency control
equipment that requires maintenance access (e.g., operators of motor operated valves), as
identified in piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) reviews with BP, as follows:
1.
2.
Enclosures shall be secured by stainless steel lacing and shall have demonstrated
ability to protect heat sensitive components for 20 min in 980C (1 800F)
hydrocarbon fire, such as that used during UL 1709 fireproofing test evaluations.
3.
Emergency isolation or ESD valves shall be certified to have fire safe packing and
internals.
6.6.
a.
b.
Outside of supporting skirts and supporting saddles, lugs, or legs of vessels that are:
1.
2.
3.
In hydrocarbon service.
Stairways, access platforms, and members used exclusively for their support.
b.
c.
Structures supporting auxiliary equipment less than 0,4 m3 (15 ft3) capacity that in event of
failure would not add fuel to fire or endanger personnel, unless relief system sizing credits
were taken due to fireproofing equipment.
d.
OSBL stanchions, pipe supports, piping, non-bunded vessels, and other equipment.
Piping and piping supports OSBL need not be fireproofed. Consideration should be
given to fireproofing supports of piping in high fire potential areas.
e.
7.
7.1.
Critical plant receiving less than 44 kW/m2 (13 950 Btu/hr/ft2) for 60 min does not
generally need fireproofing.
2.
Repair cost: Most intumescents and mastics require reapplication after fire. Concrete
can sometimes weather short fire without requiring repair.
3.
Maintenance and total life: Lightweight concrete, mastics, and intumescents are softer
and are more susceptible to mechanical damage. Many require surface coatings that
have to be maintained.
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12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
ASTM testing methods pertain to building type fires where temperature rise is over
long period of time and final temperature is not as hot as typical hydrocarbon fire.
ASTM procedures should not be used for acceptance of fireproofing materials for
petrochemical industry.
b.
c.
Materials for fireproofing austenitic stainless steel shall not contain more than 200 ppm
chlorides.
d.
Austenitic stainless steel that is to be fireproofed shall receive protective coating prior to
applying fireproofing to prevent stress corrosion cracking in accordance with BP Coatings
Spec GP 06-60.
e.
Prefabricated panels shall only be permitted for use on offshore structures or other special
applications, subject to BP approval.
7.2.
Fireproofing materials
7.2.1.
General
Concrete is the most common material used for fireproofing structures. Concrete
provides good:
Materials for fireproofing structures other than dense concrete shall be tested by
UL 1709 methods and approved for 2 1/2 hr rating. Dense concrete materials
installed in accordance with GIS 52-201 have proven effective materials for
fireproofing.
Fireproofing materials for structures may be materials that have received UL 1709
certification by UL. Consideration should be given to performance in durability tests
before making material selection. Structures may also be fireproofed using dense
concrete mixes. Concrete mixes have been time tested and do not require UL 1709
certification.
Fireproofing of structures and supports shall be performed with of one of the following:
a.
Dense concrete shall not be used on surface temperatures that can be above 120C
(250F) during operation or maintenance.
2.
Dense concrete shall be used to fireproof lower 2,1 m (7 ft) from grade of structural
supports.
Dense concrete is normally used below 2,1 m (7 ft) and in any area that might be
subject to mechanical damage due to its mechanical integrity. Requirement to use
dense concrete below 2,1 m (7 ft) can be waived for areas not subject to mechanical
damage as verified by facility maintenance personnel. While lightweight
fireproofing material is acceptable above 2,1 m (7 ft) elevation, it may be less costly
to continue shop applied column fireproofing full height of shop fireproofed
members.
3.
Areas that would require dense concrete due to potential mechanical damage above
2,1 m (7 ft) will be provided by BP.
Dense concrete is traditional fireproofing material. Concrete in itself does not
promote corrosion due to its alkaline nature. However, pH changes to neutral over
period of years. On setting, concrete shrinks and small gap can be left against steel
Page 17 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
that will allow water ingress. In areas subject to acid rain, such ingress can
accelerate corrosion and it is important to seal gaps. Dense concrete is liable to
spall in hydrocarbon fire, resulting in loss of thickness and lower protection.
Concrete fireproofing cast in situ can be expensive.
Dense concrete made with calcareous (such as limestone) or dolomitic aggregates is
superior for fireproofing purposes to that made with siliceous aggregates because
the former contains large amounts of carbonates. In poured concrete, use of
siliceous fine aggregate with calcareous or dolomitic coarse aggregates will not
materially reduce effectiveness of concrete as fireproofing.
b.
2.
7.2.2.
c.
Epoxy based intumescent coating approved by UL using UL 1709 test methods with
2 1/2 hr exposure rating.
d.
Subliming mastic approved by UL using UL 1709 test methods with 2 1/2 hr exposure
rating.
Asbestos
Preformed/inorganic panels
Preformed/inorganic panels have poor weatherability and are suitable for indoor
use only.
a.
Panel systems shall pass UL 1709 (P) test or equivalent fire tests.
b.
12 December 2005
7.2.5.
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Concrete masonry
Concrete masonry is not commonly used because of high installation costs and
extensive maintenance requirements.
Assemblies are prone to cracking and admitting moisture with serious corrosion and
spalling problems.
a.
Concrete blocks, if used, shall contain lightweight expanded blast furnace slag as coarse
aggregate.
b.
c.
Blocks shall be laid with thin, staggered joints of 6 mm (1/4 in) maximum thickness.
d.
e.
Annular space between blocks and steel member shall be filled with lean cement to prevent
moisture or hot gases from reaching steel during fire.
f.
7.2.6.
Intumescent/subliming coatings
a.
b.
Specific attention should be given to possibility of fume or smoke hazard arising from
exposure of intumescent coatings to fire.
Subliming materials change phase from solid to gas without going through liquid
stage. These agents are incorporated into organic matrices of plastic or elastomeric
nature. Intumescence is expansion or foam process whereby insulating char is
formed at fire surface.
Subliming materials provide high adhesion to steel, protect steel from corrosion,
resist impact damage and dislodgement by vibration, and have low absorption rate
for liquids.
It is important to include mesh reinforcement in these systems for two reasons:
d.
Surface preparation for application of paint primer shall comply with Vendor
recommendations.
e.
For previously painted and/or fireproofed surfaces, mastic Vendor should be consulted to
ensure compatibility.
f.
g.
If existing structural steel is being fireproofed, preparation shall comply with GP 06-60.
Page 19 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Intumescent and subliming mastic coatings shall be sealed in accordance with Vendor
recommendations for possible extreme weather conditions.
i.
If there is exposure to high levels of ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, premature ageing
should be considered.
UV protection can be provided by applying thin top coat of aliphatic polyurethane.
j.
7.2.7.
Spray equipment operators responsible for application of fireproof mastic shall be under
direct supervision of trained applicator who is qualified in writing by mastic manufacturer
or Vendor.
Special applications
a.
Instances exist where structures or vessels are subject to thermal shock conditions.
Examples of these are refrigerated vessels and furnace burner supports where burner is
integral with furnace. For these applications, composite arrangements of alternate layers of
thermal insulation and PFP would be appropriate.
b.
Irregular shapes, such as flanges, valves, pipes, and cable trays, present difficulties in
application techniques and create conflict with access requirements for routine
maintenance.
Proprietary systems, including preformed and/or sculptured sections or designed
boxes, are available. Range of products is expanding as awareness of severity of
fires and explosions is increasing.
If applications requiring proprietary systems or composite arrangements are
identified, advice should be sought from Custodian of this GP.
7.3.
If there is need for thermal insulation of process vessels and/or pipe work and also need for
fire protection of this equipment, materials shall be rated for 650C (1200F) minimum
surface temperature and selected from the following types:
1.
2.
Mineral wool block with minimum density of 192 kg/m3 (12 lb/ft3).
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ceramic fibre.
All fibrous materials are highly absorbent of water. Silicone treatments will give an
element of water shedding. Water uptake can still be high. They are only
recommended for indoor use except if adequately clad with metal sheeting and with
joints sealed.
b.
If insulation is used on steel that will be at or below ambient temperature, precautions need
to be taken to prevent corrosion of steel caused by condensation of water vapour trapped
by insulation.
c.
Page 20 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
7.4.
7.4.1.
Piping
Fireproofing material for piping, if required, shall be selected to provide necessary protection
outlined in 6.3.
7.4.2.
Equipment
a.
Fireproofing of equipment supports with insulation shall comply with GIS 52-201.
Skirts will normally be fireproofed using concrete, but extending insulation over
skirt may be acceptable on vessels and is normal method for fireproofing cold
vessels.
b.
Insulation to fireproof equipment surfaces shall only be used if concrete fireproofing is not
practical, subject to BP approval.
Welding studs, pins, clips, or other attachments to refractory lined equipment may
cause spalling of refractory. Welding on pumps and compressors should be carefully
evaluated for risk of warping and/or cracking casings and arcing across bearings.
Welding on refractory lined or glass lined equipment should be limited.
7.5.
Control systems
a.
b.
Page 21 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Note: 1
Note: 5
Note: 2
Note: 4
Notes:
1. Fire proofing of load bearing
supports regardless of height
2. Fire proofing all levels below
fire pote ntial equi pme nt
3. No fire proofing on br acing
which is non-load bearing
Note: 3
Note: 1
Fire
Exposed
Area
Note: 2
Note: 3
Notes:
Fire Potenti al Equi pment
1. Fire proofing of load bearing
supports regardless of height
2. Fire proofing all levels below
Non-fire Potential Equi pment
fire potential equi pment. Floor
on which li qui ds can pool
Fire proofed beam
3. No fire proofing on bracing
which is non-load bearing
Page 22 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Note: 2
Note: 1
Fire
Exposed
Area
Note: 3
Notes:
1. Fire proofing of load bearing
supports regardless of height
in fire exposed area
2. No fire proofing on structures
outside of fire exposed area
3. No fire proofing on bracing
which is non-load bearing
Note: 1
Fire
Exposed
Area
Note: 2
Notes:
1. Fire proofing of load bearing
supports in fire exposed area
reg ardless of height
2. Fire proofing of knee bracing
that is load bearing
Page 23 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Note: 2
Note: 1
Fire
Exposed
Area
Notes:
1. Fire proofing of load bearing
supports regar dless of height
in fire exposed area
2. No fire proofing on structures
outside of fire exposed area
Fire
Exposed
Area
Note: 3
Notes:
1. Fire proofing of load be aring
suppor ts in fire exposed area
reg ardless of height
2. Fire proofing of knee bracing
that is load bearing
3. No fire proofing on bracing
which is non-load bearing
Note: 2
Page 24 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Fire
Exposed
Area
Notes:
1. Fire proofing of load bearing
supports in fire e xposed area
reg ardless of height
2. Fire proofing of knee bracing
that is load bearing
Page 25 of 26
12 December 2005
GP 52-20
Guidance on Practice for Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Bibliography
BP
[1]
Page 26 of 26