DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

DUPLICATE ORACLE DATABASE ( DIFFERENT DIRECTURE STRUCTURE )

The process of duplicating the entire database is called CLONING. I am using same SID for source
and clone database as sham for duplication the oracle database from one server to another server.

Source database name

: sham

Auxiliary database name : rose

Source database path

= /u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/

Auxiliary database path = /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/

192.168.241.131

(OEL5.SERVER1.COM) SERVER1

PRODUCTION

AUXILIARY SERVER 192.168.241.132

(OEL5.SERVER2.COM) SERVER2

DEVELOPMENT

SOURCE SERVER

CHECK NETWORK AVAILABILITY BETWEEN TWO SERVERS

SERVER 1 :

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

SERVER 2 :

CREATE DIRECTORY STRUCTURE FOR AUXILIARY DATABASE

$ mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/
$ mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/adump/
$ mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/bdump/
$ mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/cdump/
$ mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/udump/

CONNECTING SOURCE DATABASE

SYS>select name, dbid from v$database;
NAME

DBID

--------- ---------SHAM

926462179

SYS>show parameter db_domain;

NAME

TYPE

VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- -----------------------------db_domain

string

server1-oel5.com

SYS>show parameter service_names;

NAME
TYPE
VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------------service_names
string
sham.server1-oel5.com
PARAMETER FILE BACKUP FOR AUXILIARY DATABASE
SYS>show parameter pfile;
NAME
------spfile

TYPE
VALUE
--------- -----------------------------------------------------string
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilesham.ora

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DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

SENDING PFILE TO AUXILIARY SERVER

TNSNAMES.ORA ON TARGET SERVER 192.168.241.131

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
TO_ROSEDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.241.132)(PORT=1521))
)

FOR AUXILIARY SERVER

(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME=rose)
)
)
SHAMDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.241.131)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =

FOR TARGET SERVER

(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = sham.server1-oel5.com)
)
)

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

LISTENER.ORA ON AUXILIARY SERVER 192.168.241.132

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME=rose)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=rose)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.241.132)(PORT=1521))
)
)
CHECKING TNS CONNECTIVITY ON TARGET SEVER
[oracle@oel5 admin]$ tnsping shamdb
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 13-NOV-2014 14:49:48
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.

All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = 192.168.241.131)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = sham.server1-oel5.com)))OK (10 msec)
[oracle@oel5 admin] $ tnsping to_rosedb
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 13-NOV-2014 14:49:40
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.

All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)
(HOST = 192.168.241.132)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rose.server2-oel5.com))) OK (20 msec)

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DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

CONFIGURE PASSWORD FILE ON TARGET & AUXILIARY SERVER

ON TARGET SERVER 191.168.241.131
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ export ORACLE_SID=sham
[oracle@oel5 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwsham password=dba entries=3 force=y
ON AUXILIARY SERVER2 191.168.241.132
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ export ORACLE_SID=rose
[oracle@oel5 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwrose password=dba entries=3 force=y
**

Note : Database Password must be same on Target and Auxiliary server.

**

TARGET DATABASE PFILE

sham.__db_cache_size=260046848
sham.__java_pool_size=4194304
sham.__large_pool_size=4194304
sham.__shared_pool_size=100663296
sham.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/sham/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/sham/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.5.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/control02.ctl','
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/sham/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='server1-oel5.com'
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='sham'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4194304000
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=shamXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=123731968
*.processes=150

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DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=372244480
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/sham/udump'

AUXILIARY DATABASE PFILE

*.audit_file_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.5.0'
*.control_files='/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/control01.ctl',
/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/control02.ctl',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='server2-oel5.com'
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='rose'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u02/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4194304000
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=roseXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=123731968
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=372244480
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u02/app/oracle/admin/rose/udump'
# Below Parameters are used for from where to where the DATAFILES & LOGFILES will be cloned.
db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/', '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/)
log_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/', '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/')
If the source database directory structure & clone database directory structure differs, then only
you need to use db_file_name_convert & log_file_name_convert parameters. In my case, i am using
different mount point, so need to add above two parameters in pfile for auxiliary database.

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

STARTUP AUXILIARY DATABASE AT NOMOUNT STAGE & EXIT

$ export ORACLE_SID=rose
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 13 22:05:27 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.

All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS>startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
.
..
[Trimmed]
SYS>exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
POINTS TO NOTE :
Once I started my auxiliary instance in NOMOUNT state, i have disconnected SYS as NO SESSION
before duplicating a database. It is must and should.
$ export ORACLE_SID=sham
$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 13 22:20:17 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.

All rights reserved.

connected to target database: SHAM (DBID=926462179)

RMAN>backup database plus archivelog;
Starting backup at 13-NOV-14
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
.
..
...
[Trimmed]
input archive log thread=1 sequence=30 recid=30 stamp=863563379
input archive log thread=1 sequence=31 recid=31 stamp=863563423
input archive log thread=1 sequence=32 recid=32 stamp=863563463
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
piece
handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_13/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20141113T224
423_b69sqk08_.bkp tag=TAG20141113T224423 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished backup at 13-NOV-14

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

Starting backup at 13-NOV-14

using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/sample01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sham/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
piece
handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_13/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141113T224
428_b69sqnnl_.bkp tag=TAG20141113T224428 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
piece
handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_13/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20141113T224
428_b69srspm_.bkp tag=TAG20141113T224428 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 13-NOV-14

Starting backup at 13-NOV-14

current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=33 recid=33 stamp=863563507
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-NOV-14
piece
handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_13/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20141113T224
507_b69srwk9_.bkp tag=TAG20141113T224507 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 13-NOV-14
BACKUP DETAILS USING LIST BACKUP COMMAND

list bkp.txt

Now i copied all my backup(which was taken by rman) from target server to auxiliary server.

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

SENDING ALL BACKUPSETS TO AUXILIARY SERVER

ON AUXILIARY SERVER (RECEIVED ALL BACKUPS)

START THE CLONING PROCESS IN TARGET SERVER

Start RMAN, make SHAM as target and ROSE as auxiliary.

$ export ORACLE_SID=sham
$ rman target / auxiliary sys/dba@to_rosedb
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 13 23:40:32 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.

All rights reserved.

connected to target database: SHAM (DBID=926462179)

connected to auxiliary database: ROSE (not mounted)
ISSUE DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE COMAMND
RMAN> duplicate target database to 'rose;
Starting Duplicate Db at 14-NOV-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn

565451;

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

set newname for datafile

| ORACLE 10g

1 to

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile

2 to

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile

3 to

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile

4 to

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile

5 to

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sample01.dbf";
restore
check readonly
clone database
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 14-NOV-14
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sample01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece
/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141114T030028_b6b
8qnrf_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece
handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_14/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20141114T030
028_b6b8qnrf_.bkp tag=TAG20141114T030028
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 14-NOV-14

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ROSE" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES

16

MAXLOGMEMBERS

MAXDATAFILES
MAXINSTANCES

100
8

MAXLOGHISTORY

292

LOGFILE
GROUP

1 ( '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M

REUSE,

GROUP

2 ( '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M

REUSE,

GROUP

3 ( '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M

REUSE

DATAFILE
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=863583686 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=863583686 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=863583686 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=863583686 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sample01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn

565451;

recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 14-NOV-14
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=38

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DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece

/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_14/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20141114T030121_b6b
8sb7w_.bkp
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece
handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SHAM/backupset/2014_11_14/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20141114T030
121_b6b8sb7w_.bkp tag=TAG20141114T030121
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
archive log
filename=/u02/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ROSE/archivelog/2014_11_14/o1_mf_1_38_b6bfhk14_.arc
thread=1 sequence=38
channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s)
archive log
filename=/u02/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ROSE/archivelog/2014_11_14/o1_mf_1_38_b6bfhk14_.arc
recid=1 stamp=863583689
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 14-NOV-14
contents of Memory Script:
{
shutdown clone;
startup clone nomount ;
}
executing Memory Script
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area
Fixed Size

373293056 bytes
1273780 bytes

Variable Size

92274764 bytes

Database Buffers

276824064 bytes

Redo Buffers

2920448 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ROSE" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES
MAXLOGMEMBERS

16
3

MAXDATAFILES

100

MAXINSTANCES

MAXLOGHISTORY

292

LOGFILE
GROUP

1 ( '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M

REUSE,

GROUP

2 ( '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M

REUSE,

GROUP

3 ( '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M

REUSE

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DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

DATAFILE
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile

1 to

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/undotbs01.dbf";

catalog clone datafilecopy

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sysaux01.dbf";

catalog clone datafilecopy

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/users01.dbf";

catalog clone datafilecopy

"/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sample01.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed temporary file 1 to /u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/undotbs01.dbf recid=1 stamp=863583701
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sysaux01.dbf recid=2 stamp=863583701
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/users01.dbf recid=3 stamp=863583701
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sample01.dbf recid=4 stamp=863583702
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=1 stamp=863583701 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=2 stamp=863583701 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=3 stamp=863583701 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=4 stamp=863583702 filename=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/rose/sample01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 14-NOV-14

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu

DUPLICATING ORACLE DATABASE USING RMAN

| ORACLE 10g

CONNECTING AUXILIARY DATABASE

$ export ORACLE_SID=rose
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Fri Nov 14 17:50:27 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.

All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS>select name, dbid, open_mode from v$database;
NAME

DBID

OPEN_MODE

--------- ---------ROSE

----------

1411625233 READ WRITE

Exploring the Oracle DBA Technology by Gunasekaran , Thiyagu